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Cross-border review of rail network officially launched

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Comments

  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 3,780 ✭✭✭hans aus dtschl


    Agreed but it might be still good to rank/prioritise and possibly tentatively date projects like "rail to Shannon". Even if just so that everyone can clearly see what's where on the priority list.

    What we currently have is a bit of a mish-mash where some "no-hope" projects have happily made the AIRR and some places (Carrigaline?) barely get a mention. Sligo-Letterkenny is off the list because it's bad for the environment and wouldn't serve many people but the new North Midlands route is fine.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2, Paid Member Posts: 2,942 ✭✭✭KrisW1001


    The broad gauge railway never went further north than Sligo, and the Donegal narrow-gauge railways never went further south than Bundoran (here’s a nice map of that network: Interactive Donegal Railway Map | Donegal Railway Museum ), so while it might be theoretically possible to reinstate something on the Donegal side, there’s still a big gap.

    The only realistic way of crossing the gap between the two is alongside the N15, because the rest is the Dartry Mountains, otherwise known as Yeats’ Country.

    Even if you could find a way, you’d also have to get a railway from one side of Sligo to the other, which would be really hard to do.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 74,248 ✭✭✭✭L1011


    There was a plan (Parliamentary approval etc all in place I think), which I was only made aware of by someone on here a few months ago really, for a Sligo to Bundoran broad-gauge line, meeting the Enniskillen to Bundoran broad-gauge line there.

    The plan was a high-level bridge over the Garrovogue/Sligo Port, going from somewhere along the Sligo Quay spur alignment.

    That sounds painfully expensive even back then, and it would also create issues actually serving Sligo station.

    It would still have done nothing for the other huge issue - the Donegal system being narrow gauge; and never actually going south of Ballyshannon. The broad gauge line would have brought you to Ballyshannon, but on the wrong side of the Erne!



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2, Paid Member Posts: 2,942 ✭✭✭KrisW1001


    Ah, I thought all of the Donegal railways were narrow-gauge. Clearly not. Still, it’s a really nasty territory for building anything in, especially a railway that needs nice flat ways with no sharp bends.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 74,248 ✭✭✭✭L1011


    A bunch of the ones in the East were first built broad and later converted to narrow; but nothing dealing with all of the difficult bits of a putative Sligo-Letterkenny link.

    Any railway service to Donegal will need to be an entirely new alignment Letterkenny to Derry service and that's it. Finish the other road proposals and reinforce bus links to Sligo, Letterkenny and Carrickfinn.



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  • Moderators, Motoring & Transport Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 23,707 Mod ✭✭✭✭bk


    Thanks for taking the time to answer my crayoning.

    Your point about the length of the Mk4/Enterprise replacement and possibility of it being too long for Glasnevin and SD stations is certainly possible. It kind of brings up a good point. Are IR better just focusing on making the best use they can of the existing stations like Heuston, new trains, electrified, faster, higher frequency and perhaps even longer/higher capacity per train or instead try and do things like use this PPT connection, but "shorter" trains etc.

    I think many of these complaints will largely melt away once DART+ and Metrolink are in place. So perhaps just better to wait until they are in place and see how the transfers work out before speculating too much on the more distant future.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 3,780 ✭✭✭hans aus dtschl


    That's all fine, and I want to make it clear I am NOT pushing for a Sligo-Letterkenny connection, I was just trying to say that the AIRR mostly fed back current growth patterns into their model, rather than strongly focusing on desirable future growth models. They could have pushed for the NM20 rail link but we all understand why it will not go ahead.

    So there is no real "buildup of counterbalance to Dublin" within the AIRR. Dublin remains as the hub. And in that scenario I prefer not to cross the city centre just to cross the country. Swapping trains is fine. Swapping modes - not as good. I say that as someone who's done it a couple of times (and have done it in London too). It just eats time.

    It's easier for me to meet Belfast customers in Amsterdam at the moment, and that's just a shame.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 479 ✭✭PlatformNine


    What we currently have is a bit of a mish-mash where some "no-hope" projects have happily made the AIRR and some places (Carrigaline?) barely get a mention.

    Just want to add some clarification to this. Many of the towns over 10K that aren't covered in the review were left out because they need a commuter service and that unfortunately falls out of the scope of AISRR which is for IC and regional connections. Carrigaline one of the best example of that in the review given its size, being the largest town in the ROI with no active project or reccomendation under AISRR. Ashbourne and Tramore are the same. Additionally Dunshaughlin/Ratoath is shown in the AISRR as out-of-scope, but it will potentially be connected by the Navan line depending on the alignment chosen.

    The real stand out from all of this is Dungarvan which isn't even mentioned in the review, and I believe is the only town in the ROI over 10K and is in the scope of AISRR but has no reccomendation. The review does mention that a more direct Waterford-Cork line isn't feasible, which does somewhat imply that Dungarvan-Waterford isn't feasible. However because it doesn't even mention the town's name I am not 100% convinced they considered a line just between Waterford and Dungarvan. That said I would have been surprised if they found the line to be feasible, but considering it is in the scope of the review I believe they should have explicitly stated if it wasn't feasible like they did with Enniskillen and Cookstown (Downpatrick was also barely mentioned).



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 3,780 ✭✭✭hans aus dtschl


    Yep I think we're basically on the same page here. I'd have preferred to have Dungarvan on the list, stating that it's at the lowest priority. Same with Carrigaline and Sligo-Lettterkenny etc.

    The only AIRR comment on Carrigaline is highly questionable. There is no real possibility that a Mahon or Ballincollig tram line could extend to Cork Airport or Carrigaline. A new tram network serving North-South MIGHT. A commuter rail network MIGHT. But mentioning Carrigaline in the same breath as the Mahon line is just nonsense.

    But anyway that's only a small issue.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 479 ✭✭PlatformNine


    Honestly I wouldn't think too much about what it said about Carrigaline, what was said feels more like a throw-away line trying to send the message that "Carrigaline doesn't fall within the scope of this review." Because it just isn't in the scope of the review, again it needs a commuter connection not a regional/IC connection. It isn't even a case of priority in its case, the scope of the AISRR would have had to change for them to consider it. It also would have added much more work as they would then need to consider connections for Ashbourne, Ratoath, Tramore, etc as well.

    It does bring up a bigger problem and my main gripe with the review, that I think it is inconsistent in how it treats commuter networks along side its suggestions. Part of that is of course because it is just focused on the IC and regional networks, but also at the same time I think its reccomendations for DU and Limerick commuter rail feel as though they didn't really consider how the commuter networks would work best.



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 525 ✭✭✭Grassy Knoll


    Could this project if implemented, form part of the proposed west Dublin rail freight depot ? It would seem an obvious tie-in ? I’d be surprised if IE had not modelled out some form of plan.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2, Paid Member Posts: 16,044 ✭✭✭✭loyatemu


    related:

    https://www.irishtimes.com/transport/2025/10/13/irish-rails-new-commuter-plan-will-make-thurles-as-accessible-to-dublin-as-greystones/

    (as a Greystones resident, I'd say the headline just shows how ludicrously slow the southside Dart is).

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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2, Paid Member Posts: 19,217 ✭✭✭✭LXFlyer


    He’s being very misleading with the Thurles journey time.

    It’s a bit more than “about 1 hour” from Heuston to Thurles.

    Re the comparison with Greystones, it’s comparing apples with oranges - he’s comparing a one stop intercity service on a 100mph railway with an all stops (16) suburban service that has a stretch of single track to negotiate.

    Most of the stuff in that article is years away from being delivered.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2, Paid Member Posts: 16,044 ✭✭✭✭loyatemu


    they were talking about sub 2 hours to Cork (and 90 mins to Belfast) when I was a student in the 90s. Always years away it seems.

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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 479 ✭✭PlatformNine


    Reading through the article it feels very misleading, and it's not just the IT's fault this time. The IÉ representative who said that was either being misleading or just doesn't understand how train services work, not to mention completely ignoring the already planned infrastructure improvements for Greystones.

    In addition to what LXFlyer said about it being an IC journey vs Greystones being suburban rail, he's ignored that:

    • Greystones will be increased to 3tph in the coming years (iirc the current target is 2028) and based off of what he said will still be before Dublin-Cork sees 2tph
    • Thurles already sees 2tph in the peak due to the combination of Cork-Dublin and direct Limerick-Dublin, although because of the stopping pattern the Cork services save about 20 minutes.
    • Thurles is sometimes the last stop before Heuston for Cork-Dublin services which is why it's so quick
    • Dublin-Thurles prices reflect it being so far away, its 15€ even if booked online a few days in advance vs Greystones-Dublin being 3.90€ at any point in the day.

    I understand the point he is trying to make, that the AISRR and other planned improvements will be transformational for the network. And that improvements to the Cork-Dublin corridor will benifit more than just Cork and Dublin. But he said it in a really poor way and he is unsurprisingly getting called out for it by the IT.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 2,439 ✭✭✭Economics101


    THe most interesting part is whare IE refer to an ambition to electrify the entire network. Obviously this has to be a multi-decade programme broken up into several sub-projects. It would be helpful if there was a pipeline of projects ready to go when finance was available (and already cleared by the planners - assuming the whole thing is not taken out to the hands of the plenners completely).

    Battery and Hydrogen power are hugely problematic in different ways. Electrification is the way to go.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 10,272 ✭✭✭✭cgcsb


    There are some extremely remote parts of the railway network where the power grid would need to be upgraded and new lines built before electrification so the economics might well lean towards more hydrogen or battery. Have you seen the landscape that trains pass through in Mayo, Clare and Kerry. Especially where you're talking about less than a dozen trains in a day



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,516 ✭✭✭gjim


    Batteries yes but forget hydrogen - it’s dead as a transport fuel - too expensive in terms of capital and running cost, inefficient, dangerous and dirty (it’s a highly potent greenhouse gas).



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2, Paid Member Posts: 1,389 ✭✭✭riddlinrussell


    Hydrogen is a greenhouse gas? The gas that when burnt produces pretty much just water?

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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2, Paid Member Posts: 2,942 ✭✭✭KrisW1001


    Grid supply isn’t a big issue in a country our size - most lines are near to the 110 kV network - I’d bet that there’s no place where part of a rail line is more than 30 km from an intersection with a 110/220 kV power line. 25 kV electrification allows substations to be about 50~75 km apart (compare with around 5 km for 1500 V). Terrain is the bigger issue, and there are definitely stretches where constructing OHLE would be both expensive and subject to a lot of opposition on environmental grounds.

    However, for remote and/or expensive lines there’s a relatively new approach called Discontinuous Electrification (DE). This is halfway between a pure BEMU (no overhead running) and a pure EMU (no battery at all). With DE, the train has a battery, but it’s not the only source of traction power; instead it’s used to fill in during gaps in electrification.

    The BEMU section of DART+ North meets the definition of a DE system, with static charging at the northern terminus, but other variations use on-the-go charging, where the train draws power from the overhead lines for both traction and battery charging: this is more useful in non-commuter services, as there’s no repeated braking regeneration that would allow charging of the battery while operating in OHLE sections (as DART+ North will do). On-the-go charging does need a higher power provision on the overhead lines, but the idea is that you can provide this higher current on parts of the line where it's cheap to do so, because you will be saving the greater cost of provide a lower current for the whole line. And by keeping the battery size down, you reduce weight, upfront cost, and maintenance costs of the trains.

    Presentation here from Atkins Réalis: 03_2025-07-02_I-Dont-Mind-the-Gap_G-Keenor.pdf



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2, Paid Member Posts: 16,044 ✭✭✭✭loyatemu


    I think the issue is producing the Hydrogen which is a dirty process. Obviously you can produce it using renewables but this is quite inefficient vs using the electricity directly.

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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 107 ✭✭BestWestern


    I first saw Discontinuous Electrification on the light rail network at Nice Airport in France. On part of the route there are no overhead cables, and the tram runs on battery.

    " The above-ground sections of the T2 and T3 light rail lines are completely free of overhead contact lines (catenary) thanks to an innovative static ground charging system coupled with Citadis Ecopack supercapacitors: a world first. These supercapacitors recharge by flash charging the on-board batteries through the ground in barely 20 seconds while the tram dwells at each station."

    https://www.egis-group.com/projects/nice-tram



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2, Paid Member Posts: 16,044 ✭✭✭✭loyatemu


    I think they have it in Bordeaux as well, and there's a section of Sevilla's tram network with no wires too.

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  • Moderators, Motoring & Transport Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 23,707 Mod ✭✭✭✭bk


    I suspect when it comes time to decarbonise our branch lines, battery tech will have advanced far enough to fully or mostly cover them using just batteries or just relatively short sections of Discontinuous Electrification that Kris mentions above or even perhaps just overhead in stations while stopped.

    I’m basing this on the battery tech we will likely have in 20 years, realistically it will be that long before we start decarbonising the branch lines as I assume we will focus on first electrifying the core intercity lines as a priority and also the ICR’s are relatively new, with a good 20 years left in them before we will start looking at seriously replacing them.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 245 ✭✭Heartbreak Hank


    Are DART, Cork commuter upgrade and intercity style electrification all compatible?



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2, Paid Member Posts: 3,201 ✭✭✭Glaceon


    CACR and Intercity should be compatible (25 kV AC). DART will remain at 1500 V DC as it avoids ripping out the current system and starting again. But stock is planned to be dual voltage so it shouldn't be a problem bar a slightly higher cost.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 74,248 ✭✭✭✭L1011


    And nitrous oxide from unintended reactions, same as fossil fuels. Which is one reason it's never going to be used combustably in cars



  • Moderators, Motoring & Transport Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 23,707 Mod ✭✭✭✭bk


    That is only if you a Hydrogen Combustion engine, if instead you use Hydrogen Fuel Cells, then it produces no NOX or any other pollution at the "tail pipe", just water.

    When people talk about Hydrogen vehicles, they are usually talking about fuel cells, not Hydrogen Combustion engine. For instance the Toyota Mirai and the three Hydrogen buses Bus Eireann use (Wrightbus Hydroliner) and the Hydorgen trains in Germany, all use Hydrogen Fuel Cells and thus don't produce any NOX, etc. just water.

    Having said all that, I agree that Hydrogen powered cars have zero future and I'd say it even looks unlikely for trucks and trains too.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 74,248 ✭✭✭✭L1011


    That's very, very specifically why I mentioned combustion.

    Fuel cells are hideously inefficient, a solution looking for a problem; a few jokeshop trials over 50 years. When people are talking about hydrogen for trains, they mean combustion - loads of money is being thrown at this, and I suspect it's going to fail.

    If a vendor can

    1: Stop hydrogen gas destroying the tank and all fuel components in the vehicle over time

    2: Make it significantly safer than it currently is

    3: Figure out better catalytic convertors

    4: Actually source real, green hydrogen

    There might be some basis for hydrogen for heavy construction vehicles and generators. That's about it. Irish Rail should cancel their kite flying about it, it's burning money.



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  • Moderators, Motoring & Transport Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 23,707 Mod ✭✭✭✭bk


    When people are talking about hydrogen for trains, they mean combustion - loads of money is being thrown at this, and I suspect it's going to fail.

    I think I understand where the confusion is coming from, I forgot that Irish Rail is one of the few rail companies in the world playing with Hydrogen Combustion, converting one of the old freight locos to it as a prototype!

    However that is super unusual, literally all of the Hydrogen passenger rail services either in service or about to enter service are all using Hydrogen Fuel Cells. Every major European rail manufacturer has a Hydrogen Fuel Cell train on offer:

    Alstom Coradia iLint:
    https://www.alstom.com/solutions/rolling-stock/alstom-coradia-ilint-worlds-1st-hydrogen-powered-passenger-train

    Stadler Flirt H2:
    https://www.stadlerrail.com/en/solutions/rolling-stock/mainline-flirt-h2

    Siemens Mireo Plus H:
    https://www.mobility.siemens.com/global/en/portfolio/rolling-stock/commuter-and-regional-trains/mireo/mireo-plus.html

    CAF FCH2Rail:
    https://www.cafmobility.com/en/press-room/successful-completion-fch2rail-project-first-hydrogen-powered-train-tested-%20%20spanish-portuguese-railway-network/

    Talgo (high speed rail!):
    https://www.railway-technology.com/news/talgo-first-hydrogen-high-speed-train/

    Hitachi:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FV-E991_series

    So really it is fuel cells that the market is focused on with relation to Hydrogen, not a single company is doing Hydrogen combustion passenger trains. The policy aim of the Irish government is zero emissions transport, so if Irish Rail were to go with Hydrogen Trains, they have to be Fuel Cell ones.

    Don't get me wrong, I share your caution and concerns about Hydrogen, but NOX really isn't one, at least for passenger trains in Europe.



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