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!! History HL 2015 ... predictions, guesses and discussion
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Are you able to post the Stalin essay ? Would really appreciate it
struggling haha
Stalin - social and economic transformation
Josef Stalin assumed power in 1929, following the death of Lenin, and ruled until his death in 1953. Russia stood on the Eve of an economic and social revolution. Economically, his implementation of the 5 Year Plans (1928-41) and agricultural collectivisation transformed the soviet economy, pushing Russia forward at a pace that was almost dizzying. Socially, Stalin changed the social fabric of the USSR as it became increasingly modernised and industrialised, leaving behind its previous backwardly-moving, agriculturally-dependent society. Society was also irreversibly transformed through Stalin's infusion of terror, propaganda and cult of personality.
Stalin hugely transformed the soviet Russian society and economy by industrialising Russia through a series of 5 year plans. In 1928, Stalin introduced the first 5 Year Plan, establishing a new centrally planned economy, which would ensure forced economic growth. Stalin wanted to get greater control of the economy so that he would have greater control of the Soviet Union. He wanted to overcome the previous failures in agriculture to produce enough grain for the growing towns. He also wanted to modernise Russia so that it would match the economies of the western world as quickly as possible. He is quoted as having said "we are 50 to 100 years behind the advanced countries. Either we make a good difference in the next 10 years or they will crush us." The first 5 Year plan concentrated on heavy industry - coal, iron, gas, electricity - which formed the basis for future industrial growth. The consequent second and third 5 Year Plans (1933-41) concentrated on developing metalworking and transport industries. As time progressed towards World War 2, more investment was put into armaments to prepare for the German invasion of 1941. By the end of 1932 significant progress had been made. Machinery, oil and electricity production had doubled and tripled it's previous production levels. Socially, the urban working class grew from 11 million in 1928 to 33 million in 1938. The Soviet Union achieved full employment during the Western World's Great Depression, illiteracy was wiped out and the numbers attending secondary school grew six times between 1928 and 1938. A backward, mainly agricultural country was changed into a leading industrial power. The changes in industry were accompanied by equally huge changes in agriculture.
In 1929, a new agricultural policy known as Collectivisation was introduced. This was a policy of Stalin's government which forced peasants to give up their farms and form large collective farms on which the land was jointly owned and worked by the peasants. Some farms were combined into state farms where the peasants were paid as labourers. Stalin introduced collectivisation for reasons aimed at improving the state of the economy. Stalin wanted to increase the output of grain and crops to sustain the workers in the growing industrial cities. Stalin also wanted to export for and buy industrial machinery and raw materials needed for the planned industrialisation and also to sustain the supply of labour in the cities. However, socially, collectivisation rose many problems. There was a huge resistance among the richer peasant race known as 'kulaks' who had been forced off their land. As a result of the widespread resistance, food production failed and there was a great famine in Russia that lasted from 1932-33, which killed over 5 million people. By the middle of the 1930s, the entire kulak class had been wiped out. Stalin's harsh methods meant that by 1940, 97% of farms had been collectivised. Collectivisation helped the growth of industry immensely, thus further transforming the soviet economy. It also changed the social structure, as very few people remained working in agriculture as the vast majority migrated to the cities in search of work in factories.
Stalinist Russia was a totalitarian dictatorship. The most visible transformation in Soviet social and cultural life was undoubtedly the ‘cult of Stalin’, which began in 1929. The Communist Party deliberately promoted this worship of Stalin. Using the party's control over the media, he was presented as the 'Supreme Genius of Humanity'. His face now began to appear everywhere – in photographs and paintings, on the sides of houses and buildings. Cities and towns were renamed in his honour, for example, Stalingrad. He was given the title 'vozhd' meaning 'leader'. Children were taught to give thanks to him for their happy lives. Music, art and poetry were used to praise him. He was the "most learned of men", "the fount of all wisdom". He was treated like a God. Stalin also arranged for history to be rewritten, to emphasise him as the hero of the October Revolution and the Civil War. According to this new version, it was he who organised the Bolshevik takeover in 1917 and who devised the strategy to defeat the White armies. It came to define what new party members knew about Russian history.
No social change under Stalin had a greater impact on Soviet society than the Terror. Managers, doctors, scientists, artists, workers – all were subjected to the dead hand of Stalin’s secret police, the NKVD. This secret police enforced Party policy and ensured conformity to the Party's wishes. They targeted anyone who Stalin believed was a threat to his power. Stalin's policies of forced industrialisation and collectivisation led to increased opposition to him in the Communist Party. The infamous 'Purges' targeted many of the 'Old Bolsheviks' in the Communist Party, thereby removing most of Stalin's political opponents.
Several million people who were arrested under these terms were sent to prison camps known as 'gulags', who were then used as slave labour in Stalin's industrial projects. The NKVD also supervised some of the major 5 Year Plans. In human terms, the cost was staggering. It is estimated that the number killed was 18 million between 1930 and ’39 – with 8 million dying in 1937-38 alone. Stalin’s aim was to intimidate the population into total submission, and in this he was very successful. Fear permeated every level of society as no one dared deny the supreme leaders influence and power.
By 1939, Russia was transformed from a backward semi-developed nation to one which could match the West in industrial output. However, Stalin’s achievements came at a terrible price. Economically, the agricultural sector lagged behind; by 1941 it was barely above its 1928 level. However, it can be seen that, despite the chaos caused by collectivisation, Stalin had achieved considerable success in his quest for modernisation by 1941. Stalin’s Five Year Plans mobilised the nation and concentrated resources on the industrial sector of the economy. Although Stalin's means of obtaining forced economic growth and complete totalitarian power were severe and incredibly cruel, I would argue that Stalin's industrialisation and modernisation of society and economy saved the Soviet Union from utter ruin during World War 2 and grounded it's place amongst the world's leading super powers.0 -
I'm planning on doing this :
Northern Ireland- ONeill, Paisley and The coleraine university.
America- The U.S. economy, the Montgomery bus boycott and Johnson wih Vietnam war.
And then I'm stuck for dictatorship and democracy?? Can someone help me what to do? I was thinking Hitler, Stalin and Lenin together and technology of war? If anyone could PM me help with the last section please!! Thanks!! 0 -
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I'm planning on doing this :
Northern Ireland- ONeill, Paisley and The coleraine university.
America- The U.S. economy, the Montgomery bus boycott and Johnson wih Vietnam war.
And then I'm stuck for dictatorship and democracy?? Can someone help me what to do? I was thinking Hitler, Stalin and Lenin together and technology of war? If anyone could PM me help with the last section please!! Thanks!!
refer back to my previous posts on this. i have been teaching leaving cert for the last 10 years so maybe my imput is off some help. overall you are leaving it very tight in NI, ok ish enough in USA and with D+D those selections should be enough but throw in mussoilini and economic depression0 -
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Has anyone got any sample contextualisation answers for the treaty, US foreign policy And Stalin USSR essays... Anything really would be great ! Stressing
have you spoken to your teacher.they might be around the school still. no point in stressing. have you got any essays done from school work?lizhession wrote: »Stalin - social and economic transformation
Josef Stalin assumed power in 1929, following the death of Lenin, and ruled until his death in 1953. Russia stood on the Eve of an economic and social revolution. Economically, his implementation of the 5 Year Plans (1928-41) and agricultural collectivisation transformed the soviet economy, pushing Russia forward at a pace that was almost dizzying. Socially, Stalin changed the social fabric of the USSR as it became increasingly modernised and industrialised, leaving behind its previous backwardly-moving, agriculturally-dependent society. Society was also irreversibly transformed through Stalin's infusion of terror, propaganda and cult of personality.
Stalin hugely transformed the soviet Russian society and economy by industrialising Russia through a series of 5 year plans. In 1928, Stalin introduced the first 5 Year Plan, establishing a new centrally planned economy, which would ensure forced economic growth. Stalin wanted to get greater control of the economy so that he would have greater control of the Soviet Union. He wanted to overcome the previous failures in agriculture to produce enough grain for the growing towns. He also wanted to modernise Russia so that it would match the economies of the western world as quickly as possible. He is quoted as having said "we are 50 to 100 years behind the advanced countries. Either we make a good difference in the next 10 years or they will crush us." The first 5 Year plan concentrated on heavy industry - coal, iron, gas, electricity - which formed the basis for future industrial growth. The consequent second and third 5 Year Plans (1933-41) concentrated on developing metalworking and transport industries. As time progressed towards World War 2, more investment was put into armaments to prepare for the German invasion of 1941. By the end of 1932 significant progress had been made. Machinery, oil and electricity production had doubled and tripled it's previous production levels. Socially, the urban working class grew from 11 million in 1928 to 33 million in 1938. The Soviet Union achieved full employment during the Western World's Great Depression, illiteracy was wiped out and the numbers attending secondary school grew six times between 1928 and 1938. A backward, mainly agricultural country was changed into a leading industrial power. The changes in industry were accompanied by equally huge changes in agriculture.
In 1929, a new agricultural policy known as Collectivisation was introduced. This was a policy of Stalin's government which forced peasants to give up their farms and form large collective farms on which the land was jointly owned and worked by the peasants. Some farms were combined into state farms where the peasants were paid as labourers. Stalin introduced collectivisation for reasons aimed at improving the state of the economy. Stalin wanted to increase the output of grain and crops to sustain the workers in the growing industrial cities. Stalin also wanted to export for and buy industrial machinery and raw materials needed for the planned industrialisation and also to sustain the supply of labour in the cities. However, socially, collectivisation rose many problems. There was a huge resistance among the richer peasant race known as 'kulaks' who had been forced off their land. As a result of the widespread resistance, food production failed and there was a great famine in Russia that lasted from 1932-33, which killed over 5 million people. By the middle of the 1930s, the entire kulak class had been wiped out. Stalin's harsh methods meant that by 1940, 97% of farms had been collectivised. Collectivisation helped the growth of industry immensely, thus further transforming the soviet economy. It also changed the social structure, as very few people remained working in agriculture as the vast majority migrated to the cities in search of work in factories.
Stalinist Russia was a totalitarian dictatorship. The most visible transformation in Soviet social and cultural life was undoubtedly the ‘cult of Stalin’, which began in 1929. The Communist Party deliberately promoted this worship of Stalin. Using the party's control over the media, he was presented as the 'Supreme Genius of Humanity'. His face now began to appear everywhere – in photographs and paintings, on the sides of houses and buildings. Cities and towns were renamed in his honour, for example, Stalingrad. He was given the title 'vozhd' meaning 'leader'. Children were taught to give thanks to him for their happy lives. Music, art and poetry were used to praise him. He was the "most learned of men", "the fount of all wisdom". He was treated like a God. Stalin also arranged for history to be rewritten, to emphasise him as the hero of the October Revolution and the Civil War. According to this new version, it was he who organised the Bolshevik takeover in 1917 and who devised the strategy to defeat the White armies. It came to define what new party members knew about Russian history.
No social change under Stalin had a greater impact on Soviet society than the Terror. Managers, doctors, scientists, artists, workers – all were subjected to the dead hand of Stalin’s secret police, the NKVD. This secret police enforced Party policy and ensured conformity to the Party's wishes. They targeted anyone who Stalin believed was a threat to his power. Stalin's policies of forced industrialisation and collectivisation led to increased opposition to him in the Communist Party. The infamous 'Purges' targeted many of the 'Old Bolsheviks' in the Communist Party, thereby removing most of Stalin's political opponents.
Several million people who were arrested under these terms were sent to prison camps known as 'gulags', who were then used as slave labour in Stalin's industrial projects. The NKVD also supervised some of the major 5 Year Plans. In human terms, the cost was staggering. It is estimated that the number killed was 18 million between 1930 and ’39 – with 8 million dying in 1937-38 alone. Stalin’s aim was to intimidate the population into total submission, and in this he was very successful. Fear permeated every level of society as no one dared deny the supreme leaders influence and power.
By 1939, Russia was transformed from a backward semi-developed nation to one which could match the West in industrial output. However, Stalin’s achievements came at a terrible price. Economically, the agricultural sector lagged behind; by 1941 it was barely above its 1928 level. However, it can be seen that, despite the chaos caused by collectivisation, Stalin had achieved considerable success in his quest for modernisation by 1941. Stalin’s Five Year Plans mobilised the nation and concentrated resources on the industrial sector of the economy. Although Stalin's means of obtaining forced economic growth and complete totalitarian power were severe and incredibly cruel, I would argue that Stalin's industrialisation and modernisation of society and economy saved the Soviet Union from utter ruin during World War 2 and grounded it's place amongst the world's leading super powers.
very well written but i doubt anyone could learn all this off word for word. also it's too long and reads like a well written english essay rather than a well written history essay0 -
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