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Irish Weather Statistics
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sryanbruen wrote: »My Winter methodology tables are now updated. My first one now includes Winters 1946/47 to 1949/50. Both now include SSW events (if there were any).
Oops I forgot to state the sources of the information in the methodology tables.
http://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ONI_v5.php
http://ggweather.com/enso/oni.htm
https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/correlation/qbo.data
http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/met/ag/strat/produkte/qbo/
http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/met/ag/strat/produkte/northpole/index.html
https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/cetml1659on.dat
https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/pub/data/weather/uk/climate/datasets/Tmean/date/UK.txt
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/daily_ao_index/monthly.ao.index.b50.current.ascii.table
http://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/ocean/sst/monthly_mean_anom.html
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/teleconnections/pdo/
http://www.sidc.be/silso/datafiles
http://kaltwetter.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/OPI_WinterCET2.jpg
https://forums.infoclimat.fr/applications/core/interface/imageproxy/imageproxy.php?img=https://f1.nwstatic.co.uk/forum/uploads/monthly_10_2014/post-18134-0-16220500-1414786436.jpg&key=b9305272dc263d8c444ae64539d9efd38cf688385075dcf728c00c837b2e156c
EDIT: Two changes from NOAA recently, 1950/51 is not a designated La Nina event anymore. 2014/15 is designated as a Weak El Nino event again.Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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Courtesy of Oneiric 3 and Met Éireann, this chart compares the period February 1st to 10th from 2007-2015 using IMT anomalies.
Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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Courtesy of Deep Easterly and Met Éireann, this chart is of the daily IMTs - maximums and minimums for each day of 2010.
EDIT: I forgot to mention that the Max. and Min. are labelled incorrectly - they're the other way round on this graph.
Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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Gonzo mentioned Winter 2000/01 in the Winter discussion thread and I thought I'd do a post on it here to help people remember what it was like as well as the fact that it was an interesting Winter.
Winter 2000/01 was a near average Winter in terms of temperatures using the 1961-90 average - would be rather cool using the 1981-2010 average. Each month was colder than average but not by a significant amount as mild spells often offset the cold spells for the mean temperatures. This was the best Winter for cold or snow from 1996/97 to 2007/08. The IMT for the Winter was 4.9c, -0.5c below the average.
The Winter had the chance to be extremely cold sometimes, and if it were not for a low pressure to the south of the country, it would be a memorably cold Winter. It would be up there with Winters like 2009/10 or 1978/79.
December, whilst not as wet as December 1999, was very wet with eastern regions having their wettest December since 1972. The month started off mild for the first two weeks with every day recording at least 10c somewhere in Ireland. Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford peaked at 14.7c on the 12th. With this mild weather, we were firmly in a zonal pattern with rain and rain day after day. Remember that this was coming after the wettest Autumn on record so more rain wasn't needed! The IMT for this month was 5.0c, -0.6c below the average.
However, this low you see on the 12th starts to push into the North Sea and stall there allowing the winds to turn into a northerly than a southwesterly.
The air starts to cool down dramatically and very quick. Here's the upper air temperatures for the 15th December for example. Nearly getting the -10c isotherm over us.
It becomes mild again on the 18th with the winds turning to a southerly. I'd like to note though that the southerlies are sending warm air advection into the Arctic which would be a sign that blocking will take place soon and blocking leads to cold conditions for us if it sets up on the right side of the Arctic Circle.
The continental high starts to go up to Scandinavia. The high is too stubborn for the low in the Atlantic to make much inroads across the country. As a result, it's pushed back into the Atlantic down to the southwest. The high forces easterly winds to take place. I saw a post on this forum a few years ago stating that there have not been proper easterly winds for a long time. Late November/early December 2010 had easterly winds. December 2009 had easterly winds. And now, look at December 2000 has easterly winds even though just for a bit. These easterly winds and eventually northerly winds, lead to a snowy interval as well as the lowest December temperatures since 1995 or 1981.
Ireland is left in a no man's land on Christmas Day 2000 with low pressure over us trapped within cold air. Wintry showers fell in northern and eastern regions bringing a White Christmas. This was my first Christmas so I can't remember much myself as I was just over a month old
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Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
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The best was to come a few days later though for this month. Wintry showers continued on the 26th for some but it was mostly dry and frosty. On the 27th, a polar low crossed the north of Ireland as the winds veered to a northerly bringing outbreaks of heavy snow. Snow showers were widespread on the 28th giving significant accumulations of snow to many places. Snow depths were between 5-10cm widely on the 29th and mountaineous regions reaching 15-20cm. This was the most severe snow for Ireland since January 1982. With this, daytime temperatures remained close to freezing. Dublin Airport did not get above 0c on the 29th. Snow showers were isolated then as the air dried up. However, with clear skies, temperatures dropped sharply. Straide, Co. Mayo gets down to a minimum of -14.0c on the 29th. Claremorris, Co. Mayo gets down to -12.9c on the 30th which was its lowest for any month since February 1969. Straide had a grass minimum of -16.0c on the 29th also. A rapid thaw took place on the 31st though as an Atlantic depression swept very readily eastwards bringing southeasterly gales and heavy rain. Before the rise in temperatures, rain turned to sleet and snow in parts. Temperatures had risen at least +10c then from the early part of the day when much of the country was in a severe frost again. This very cold interval offset the mild nature of early December and made it a cold month in most places.
Snow depths on the 29th:
January 2001 was a much quieter month. It was the coldest January since 1987 but that's not saying month as the majority of Januaries in the 1990s were mild, the exceptions being 1991 and 1997. The IMT for this month was 4.7c, -0.8c below the average. There was little to no notable snow, unlike December. Saying that though, it was a cold, sunny and dry month. It was very similar to January 2011. After a rather mild and unsettled opening, an anticyclone builds for the middle of January with some very sunny days being recorded and severe frosts. Derrygreenagh, Co. Offaly got down to -7.0c on the 16th. The end of January from the 20th onwards brought a changeable spell with some wetter moments but with equally dry moments too. Rather mild during much of the spell but nothing far from average. Johnstown Castle recorded the highest temperature of Ireland for the second consecutive month with 12.7c on the 22nd.
Time to get back to something interesting, February 2001. February was an unsettled month in terms of overall depressions but it was also mostly dry bar the southern regions. Going by this, I think you could give an educated guess that northern blocking was taking place with a low to the south 'cause that is indeed what was happening. The IMT for February was 5.1c, -0.2c below the average. The opening to February was mild and wet.
The middle of the month brought an area of high pressure to the east though which gave Ireland fairly calm and dry weather as well as severe frosts. Ballinamore, Co. Leitrim got down to -6.1c on the 9th whilst Dublin Airport's grass minimum got down to -11.1c on the 14th, its lowest for February on record since its records began in 1941. It was very strange to have that depth of cold in a high pressure distributed like this. To contrast with this, Dublin Airport had a maximum of 11.9c on the 14th. Kilkenny's grass minimum got down to -11.4c on the same day.
Northerly winds took place during the last few days of the month and continued into early March. They brought bitterly cold and very snowy conditions. The east coast had snow depths of 10-20cm on the 27th February 2001. The Mourne Mountains, Co. Down had a snow depth of 75cm. Most places had between 2-7c on the 27th but Dublin Airport reached a maximum of only 0.2c. Minimums overnight didn't drop much however with them being -5c at the lowest. Despite that, eastern regions got a huge covering of snow which was quite fair as the west got most of the snow in December.
The reanalysis for Winter 2000/01 from NOAA reveals that my aforementioned pattern estimations were correct. Low pressure is to the south with northern blocking meaning quite a battleground Winter. December and February were definitely battlegrounds but January was quiet.
I'll leave you with some photos from this Winter and there isn't much at all sadly.
All information is from Met Éireann as well as my own interpretations of Wetterzentrale's chartsPhotography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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I showed this picture in the Winter discussion thread yesterday taken on 22 October 2003 in Finglas, Co. Dublin.
My educated guess is that barely any of you remember what happened here in October 2003 - I never see this month being mentioned by any of us (including myself).
Well firstly, I would like to give some information on the month itself, October 2003. It was a colder than average month - and was the only month of 2003 to be cold - with an IMT of 9.3c which is -0.8c below the 1981-2010 average for October. October 2002 was slightly cooler at 9.1c but October 2002 was extremely wet, unlike 2003. In many places, it was the driest October on record, including at Cork Airport where they had only 23% of their average October rainfall. Meanwhile, Valentia Observatory had its driest October since 1919. In contrast to the rest of the 25 counties, Dublin had a wet October. Dublin stations had between 150-190% of their average October rainfall but even saying this, it was not as wet as October 2002. I'll say it again, no other county was wetter than average for this month.
Now why was Dublin wetter than average unlike all the other counties? For a start, the dominant pattern for October 2003 was high pressure out in the Atlantic with a low to the east of Britain allowing the winds to come from a northerly direction. Normally in these kind of setups, the east is wetter than the west.
The other reason is because of the unusually heavy rain Dublin had from the 21st-23rd and the 30th. You can see Dublin Airport's rainfall spikes for each day of October 2003 (along with Valentia Observatory and Clones, Co. Monaghan) in this graph below from Met Éireann's October 2003 monthly weather bulletin.
Here's the synoptic chart for 22 October 2003, notice the low centred over the English Channel bringing the winds in from an easterly. Casement Aerodrome had a daily rainfall of 51.6mm on this day, its wettest October day on record until 24 October 2011. Maximum temperatures were under 10c on this day along with minimums getting close to or below freezing, so this was highly unusual. With the colder temperatures and easterly winds came some snow - as seen in the picture I posted. These heavy falls on the 22nd in Dublin were associated with continuous thunderstorms bringing a combination of rain, hail and snow.
To emphasise how cold it was, two days later on October 24th, -5.5c was recorded at Fermoy. At the same time, Kilkenny had a grass minimum of -10.9c, its lowest on record for October.
All information originally sourced from Met Éireann.Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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Donegal Storm wrote: »There was hill snow in late October 2010 or '11 in Donegal, can't recall which. Thought I had a few pics somewhere but can't seem to find them
Yeah, I meant in lowland areas. Sorry that was my fault. I do remember some snow on mountains/hills, or wintry showers of other sorts being recorded to the northwest on October 18 2011. Met Éireann does not mention the word snow in their October 2011 bulletin but it does state that hail and thunderstorms were recorded on the 18th.
Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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One of the more remembered Irish weather events in modern times was the Dublin flood on October 24 2011. This was one of Dublin's most severe flooding events on record. It was the worst flood to hit the region since November 2002.
On October 24 2011, Ireland was at the centre of a slow moving frontal depression stretching from western France to the south of Iceland. Combined with this depression was the battle of two air masses, a cooler air mass to the west of the front and the warm air mass to the east of the front. Long fetched southerlies took place at the same time. The contrast between the two air masses intensified the heavy rain along with the orographic uplift by the Wicklow mountains and the convergence of isobars. This heavy rain combined with heavy rain totals from the 23rd October 2011 which were up to 30mm, led to a saturation of soils and severe flooding. Here's the synoptics for 24 October 2011:
This is a table of the most significant figures recorded during this rainfall event. Casement Aerodrome had its wettest October day on record with 82.2mm during this and this made it the station's wettest overall day since June 1993.
Many homes and businesses were under water by the evening of October 24th. Dublin City Council activated a major emergency plan to deal with the floods. Several flights were delayed or cancelled at Dublin Airport.
The rainfall event caused two deaths as well as a lot of infrastructure damage estimated at a couple millions of euro.
Harolds Cross, Dundrum, Donnybrook and Irishtown were the worst affected areas in Dublin. The ground level of Dundrum Shopping Centre was flooded to bits as seen in this picture below:
Here's some more images and videos of the event.
Information originally sourced from Met Éireann.Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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Since this came up in discussion, I thought I'd go over it here. This is going to be about the January 2008 easterly. BLIZZARD7 thanks for inspiring this post.
As the synoptic below shows, a slider low went in a southeast trajectory on the 3rd January 2008 along with a very stubborn Siberian block ridging into Scandinavia bringing the winds into the east across the Emerald Isle.
The easterly brought severe frosts but apart from a few regions having maximums of only 3-5c on the 3rd, 4th and 6th, maximums were generally around average for the time of year. The IMT for the first 6 days of January was 4.5c which included the very mild New Year's Day. Derrygreenagh, Co. Offaly had a minimum of -7.8c on the 4th, its lowest since 1994. The same station had a grass minimum of -14.6c on the same day, also its lowest since 1994.
This was a short lived easterly but for how deprived the 2000s were of cold, it was definitely worth it.
During the afternoon of the 3rd, heavy wintry showers occurred in the northeast and east. Snow was mixed in with these wintry showers. At the same time, frost became more severe as the day went on. The snow continued into the morning of the 4th before heavy rain pushed in from the west trying to introduce a milder interlude which it did for a short period but then the cold took over again before the mild won out on the 7th and for much of the rest of the month. BLIZZARD7 also shared this nice link in the December 2017 cold spell thread:
http://www.peterduncanson.net/snow/snow00.htmlOn the 3rd January 2008 the weather forecast from the UK Met Office was for a slight fall of snow over eastern parts of Northern Ireland during the evening and night.
This was not expected to be much of a problem.
What we actually experienced was rather different. The snowfall was heavier than is typical for this part of the world.
The snow started falling during the afternoon of Thursday, 3rd January. Just before midnight I measured a 20 cm depth on the lawn. There was no wind; the snow was falling vertically.
As I wasn't sleepy, I checked the snow a few times. Approximately three hours after I'd measured 20 cm I saw that the snowfall had almost stopped, so I went outside to measure. It was then 30 cm (12 ins). Of course this is not deep compared with what is normal in more northerly parts of the UK or elsewhere, but it is the deepest I have measured on my lawn since moving here over 34 years ago.
My attention was caught by two things, the accumulation of snow on the bird feeders in the garden, the effect of the weight of snow on a bush near the house. At about 3:20 a.m. I took some photos. The best vantage point was indoors looking through a window.
Early in the afternoon the snow had stopped falling and rain was forecast, so I took some more photos while the snow was still lying. Then I took more pictures later in the afternoon when the thaw was well under way.
Two days later, Sunday, 6th January, the snow had mostly so cleared I took more photos to compare with the snowy ones. It was then that I made another discovery about the effect of the snow — a large bush has been damaged.
Data originally from Met Éireann.Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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sryanbruen wrote: »These are Ireland's lowest air minimum temperatures for every year since 1988
2016: -7.3c at Markree on November 25th
2015: -7.9c at Dublin Airport on February 3rd
2014: -7.5c at Thomastown on December 29th
2013: -7.6c at Markree on March 12th
2012: -6.7c at Thomastown on February 2nd & Carrickmacross on February 3rd
2011: -8.3c at Thomastown on January 29th
2010: -17.5c at Straide on December 25th (-18.7c at Castlederg on December 23rd)
2009: -10.0c at Mullingar on December 25th
2008: -7.8c at Derrygreenagh on January 4th
2007: -8.0c at Cavan on February 7th
2006: -8.6c at Straide on March 3rd
2005: -5.6c at Casement Aerodrome on March 3rd
2004: -7.7c at Kilkenny on January 29th
2003: -6.3c at Ardee on January 11th
2002: -9.4c at Ballinamore on January 1st
2001: -9.0c at Casement Aerodrome on March 1st
2000: -14.0c at Straide on December 29th
1999: -6.7c at Clones on January 11th
1998: -5.5c at Casement Aerodrome on April 10th (Unusually late date for a minimum temperature as well in 1998 Elmer Blooker
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1997: -6.8c at Valentia Observatory on January 3rd
1996: -5.9c at Casement Aerodrome on December 6th
1995: -11.0c at Clones on December 27th
1994: -6.4c at Birr on February 16th
1993: -7.4c at Ardee on December 26th
1992: -8.3c at Casement Aerodrome on December 20th
1991: -13.0c at Gowran Grange on February 10th
1990: -5.4c at Birr on November 28th & Clones on November 29th
1989: -7.0c at Kilkenny on November 27th & Birr on December 1st
1988: -6.9c at Birr on November 21st & Mullingar on November 24th
1987: -9.2c at Mooncoin on January 13th
1986: -6.9c at Casement Aerodrome on February 21st
1985: -9.5c at Ballinrobe on January 18th
1984: -10.0c at Clones on January 19th/20th
1983: -6.0c at Glencolmkille on December 10th
1982: -14.6c at Birr on January 12th
1981: -12.4c at Mullingar on December 12th
1980: -8.0c at Ardee on January 2nd
1979: -16.8c at Ballinrobe on January 1st
Information from Met Éireann's weather summaries and bulletins.
Post updated to include the lowest minimums for 1979 to 1987 now.Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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December 1981 was the coldest December of the century with an IMT of only 1.1c, -4.5c below the average. December 2010 had an IMT of -0.7c in comparison, -6.3c below the average.
Here's what Met Éireann say about the month:The period from the 1st to 4th was cloudy and mild with extensive fog and patches of drizzle. A wave depression affected the southwest on the 5th after which a northwesterly airflow set in. Squally showers occurred, some heavy especially in northern areas on the 7th. Weak troughs of low pressure affected the country between the 8th and 10th and high pressure dominated the 11th and 12th. There was extensive freezing fog during these spells Strong winds and widespread heavy falls of snow or rain occurred in all areas on the 13th, associated with a depression centred over southern areas.
A ridge of high pressure developed on the 14th and the period to the 19th was very cold and dry with general air frost and sharp to severe ground frost.
Mild air in a complex frontal trough affected the country during the 19th and there was widespread heavy rain, especially in southern regions. The period from the 20th to the 22nd was foggy with spells of drizzle and there was light frost at night in some places. Subsequently, a cold easterly airflow was established and widespread frost became severe between the 23rd and 25th.
A strong south to southeast airflow set in during the 25th. The weather became mild with extensive rain and drizzle. Winds backed easterly on the 28th and there was widespread heavy rain on the 28th and 29th. Rain became scattered on the 30th and 31st and some frost occurred at night.
Looking at this information from ME, December 1981 does not seem like a particularly amazing month does it? Well the thing was that the majority of the severe cold was associated with extensive fog which in Winter often leads to a lot of frost. Mullingar had the minimum for December with -12.4c on the 12th, the night before the depression that brought widespread snow on the 13th.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_1981_windstorm
There isn't a lot of information on December 1981 found online for Ireland's weather, probably due to the lack of snow it had especially in comparison with January 1982 despite being a colder month overall.Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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1997: -6.8c at Valentia Observatory on January 3rd
This has to be one of the strangest weather statistics in Irelands history.
How?
It was. January 1997 is a very strange month anyway. It was a very dry month, so dry that it was the driest January on record for the majority of stations. The spell of very cold weather that began in December 1996 extended into early January. Stations barely rose above 1-2c during the first 9 days of the month in a persistent easterly phase. This air stream wasn't particularly sunny so there was a lot of cloud which give away to the unremarkable minimum temperatures. However, the 3rd was a sunny day out in the west of Ireland. With the clear skies came that weird record at Valentia Observatory which had been the lowest January minimum for the station since 1958. With these bitter easterlies came wintry showers which were quite frequent in the eastern half of the country during the first 4 days of January.
Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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This is the January Daily Temperature Records table for the Republic of Ireland I started work on earlier this year, it will never be completed so at this stage, I thought I'd post it for anybody to see. Not all of Met Éireann's historical data is available as of right now to the public, not to mention of course that we'll have January 2018 and future Januaries to add to this table if they break any of the daily records.
Hope you enjoy it for what it is now because this is probably the most tedious thing I've ever done in my life so far.
I've also started work on the February and July versions of this table.Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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Here is part three of my 2010 Irish weather synopsis and in this part, I am going to be going over the Summer of 2010. Summer 2010 is a very underrated Summer if you ask me with many people in Ireland considering it a poor Summer and continued the period of poor summers that began in 2007 and ended in 2012 (inclusive). However, unlike the UK (with the exception of Scotland which had only a poor July like Ireland) which had a poor July AND August, Ireland had only a poor July. June and August 2010 were absolutely beautiful months. I have lots of nostalgic memories from this Summer of 2010 and I can remember each day very well through the Summer. Apart from July and the very wet days in June, it felt like an endless run of sunshine through Summer 2010.
However, due to this being longer than intended and the lack of time I've had to complete this part of the analysis, I have decided to just give June 2010. I know that this has been a long time coming.
Let's start off with what was easily the best month of 2010 in Ireland - if you like warm and sunny weather that is, June. After a wet day on the 31st of May with rain clearing the east by the morning of the 1st, June started off fine with plenty of sunshine and temperatures rising fast in the sunshine reaching 20c in a good few places. Another day with plenty of sunshine on the 2nd with temperatures getting up to 21c. Sunshine was very abundant with 8-14 hours of sunshine around Ireland. Cloud pushed into the south and southwest on the 3rd, however, elsewhere it was again another fine warm and sunny day with temperatures up to 21c. The cloud pushed into the west overnight and the cloud was thick enough to bring the odd drizzle to places including Claremorris. However, the drizzle amounted to nothing much and the cloud cleared by the morning leaving the country in yet again, another fine day with plenty of sunshine and temperatures up to 22c on the 4th. By this time of the month, some places had already reached at least 50 hours of sunshine so you can see how sunny June started off. This fine period was about to finish however as it became much more unsettled for a temporary spell. The 5th started off fine with more sunshine but cloudier in all places than previous days with the maximum sunshine of only 6 hours. Showers pushed into the west reaching most places overnight into the 6th. It was still warm with temperatures up to 22c again. These showers formed into longer spells of rain across Leinster during the 6th. Some of these very persistent and it was very dull in the showers. The Cumulonimbus clouds associated with the showers were unusually dark and black for June. Feeling very unpleasant for June. Across the west, it was dry, warm and sunny with temperatures up to 21c however. On the 7th, a band of heavy rain pushed into the southwest and pushed northwards through the day. This rain was again very persistent with falls up to 19mm at Valentia Observatory. Remember that Ireland wasn't very used to very wet days like the 7th June or the 29th March (see part two of my 2010 Irish weather synopsis) due to a frequent run of drier than normal months up to June since November 2009 although December 2009 (97% of the LTA) and March 2010 (94% of the LTA) were quite close to being wetter than average. It was cooler than recent days also but still above average for early June with 14-19c generally. This rain lingered across Ulster on the 8th whilst heavy showers pushed in across many other parts during the afternoon. Some places like Valentia Observatory escaped however. The 8th continued with similar temperatures to the 7th. It was sunny in the west and northwest whilst elsewhere, it was dull. Further rain over Ulster continued overnight into the morning of the 9th. This rain then finally pushed southwestwards through the day clearing all areas by the evening leaving sunny spells in the west along with isolated showers whilst it was dry and cloudy elsewhere. Temperatures about average with 13-17c. The 10th was a fine day with plenty of sunshine and temperatures rising back up to 21c in the sunshine after the cooler, wet days from the 6th-9th. Cloud lingered in some eastern regions until the late afternoon however. The 11th brought cloud in from the west on a northwesterly direction air stream which was quite mild for a northwesterly of up to 20c. The cloud brought sunshine totals down from the values of the 10th but in some places, particularly the east, it was pleasant enough of up to 7 hours of sunshine. The 12th was a dry and rather sunny day for the most part but some rain pushed into the north during the evening. This rain was quite weak and it was just another fine day elsewhere. Showers pushed into the west during the morning of the 13th becoming more intense as they reached the east coasts by the afternoon. Dublin Airport recorded 11.8mm of rainfall in these showers. Temperatures rather mild of 14-18c and plenty of sunshine in between the showers with the west more favoured for the sunshine. All the showers cleared on the 14th and then a stubborn area of high pressure built from Scandinavia. The 14th began a period of fine weather which would then last for much of June. June 2010 had already seen a very sunny and warm start with rainfall close to average (due to those very wet days). We really were given a wonderful gift from Mother Nature. From the 14th-17th, there was plenty of sunshine particularly on the 15th and 16th with cloud cover varying each day. In the sunshine it became very warm reaching 23c on the 15th. The 18th was a generally cloudier day but there was still some sunny spells in places and yet again, dry and warm. After this brief cloudier day, the 19th-21st was a very sunny period with all days reaching 16 hours of sunshine in at least one station. In the sunshine, temperatures reached 25c on the 21st. The 22nd was another very nice day in the east of the country with temperatures paying back a touch to 22c. However, cloud pushed into the west with some of it very thick bringing the odd spot of drizzle. This would push across much of the country on the 23rd with the odd sunny spell in parts. It was very muggy in this cloud though with temperatures of 17-21c on the 23rd. The 24th, with the exception of a cloudy east until the late afternoon, became much sunnier and similar temperatures to the 23rd. The 25th was a weird day as it was cloudy in the east all day and sunny in the west early in the day but a band of rain pushed into the west later. Yet, the east was still cloudy and temperatures going up to 18-23c. This rain would fizzle out to nothing on the 26th leaving Ireland in plenty of warm sunshine and temperatures again 18-23c. The 27th brought some showers into parts of the west but other than them, it was a very similar day to the 26th with temperatures of 18-23c and plenty of sunshine to enjoy. This long dry spell that began on the 14th ended on the 27th however as heavy rain spread into the southwest on the 28th which would affect all but northwest Connacht and north Ulster with rain during the day. Temperatures still above average of 17-21c even in the rain. The rain cleared on the 29th into Britain leaving Ireland in a temporary ridge of high pressure and temperatures going back up to 18-23c in warm sunshine. This was very temporary however as a band of very intense rain pushed into the west on the 30th ending June on a very wet note. The east enjoyed another fine day however with warm sunshine and temperatures again from 18-23c.
With the daily summary for June 2010 done, time to talk about the more interesting data, the actual statistics. Rainfall wise overall, June was fairly close to the average but it was a drier than normal June with around 81-85% of the LTA. There were some significant regional variations depending on how wet the 6th-9th, 13th, 28th and 30th were in places. Ballyshannon, Co. Donegal for instance had its driest June on record with a total of only 18.3mm of rainfall, 25% of the average. Meanwhile, John F Kennedy Park, Co. Wexford had its wettest June for 2 years with a total of 76.3mm of rainfall, 129% of the average. Maam Valley, Co. Galway was very unusually dry, even more so than it was in May 2010 with a total of only 38.4mm of rainfall, well below its average for June. Valentia Observatory had a rainfall total of 92.9mm of rainfall, 116% of the average. However, 46.6mm of this rainfall (50% of its whole June 2010 rainfall total) fell on one day, June 30th and was the station's wettest June day since 2003. Its wettest day in June 2003 also took place on the 30th coincidentally. Some places did not record any rainfall at all from the 14th-27th.
In spite of a negative NAO, June 2010 was a very warm month. The IMT for the month was 15.2c, +1.7c above the LTA. This was only -0.2c short of the typical July and August's IMT of 15.4c, to emphasise how warm it was. This equals with 1970 for the third warmest June on record of the IMTs I've calculated so far back to January 1968 with only June 1976 and June 2006 being warmer. The month didn't have any particularly remarkable temperatures but it was persistently and pleasantly warm throughout with not a lot of cooler than average days. 20c or more during June 2010 wasn't a rare occurrence. For example, Dublin Airport reached 20c or more on 20 days of June 2010. The maximum temperature for June 2010 was 26.4c at Derrygreenagh, Co. Offaly on the 21st, June 2006 and 2009 had higher maximums. For the first time since November 2009, ground frosts were not above average, they were around average for June. Due to the month being not particularly remarkable in terms of maximum temperatures but rather being persistently warm is why June 2010 is one of my more preferred Summer months, it's the ideal Summer month.
June 2010 once again continued the sunnier than average month streak of 2010. It was very sunny in many places, especially over to the northwest where they had their sunniest June since 1995 but for others, it was not as sunny as June 2009. Casement Aerodrome had the sunniest day with 16.0 hours on the 20th. University College of Galway had up to 150% of its average June sunshine.
Here's some pictures from June 2010 for y'all:
Information originally from Met Éireann.Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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This graph I generated is of the Winter NAO values since 1950/51 up to 2016/17. Interestingly and not really much of a surprise, the 1960s were a consecutive period for negative NAO Winters. It seems that negative NAO in Winters were a frequent occurrence during the 1950s to 1970s and since then has been much rarer with positive NAO being much more of a feature. However, along with that, we also had the most negative NAO on record in 2009/10.
Winter 2014/15 had the most positive NAO in the last 70 or so years for Winters which I find very interesting.
Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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This post is going to be about one of the Summers that people just don't want to remember, Summer 2011. It sometimes gets mentioned it seems but not much and when it does so, it's not a popular Summer. It is to no surprise why this is the case, it was the coldest Summer of the 21st century so far coming after the warmest Spring on record. This was the coldest Summer since 1993 with an IMT of only 13.3c which is -1.6c below the 1981-2010 average of 14.9c.
Each of the Summer months were colder than average (these 3 months and January were the only colder than average months for 2011) with August being particularly cold. These are the IMTs and anomalies for each of the months:
June: 12.1 (-1.6) - coldest June since 1991
July: 14.2 (-1.2) - coldest July since 1988
August: 13.7 (-1.7) - coldest August since 1993
The Summer was notable for a huge lack of warmth. The warmest day was June 3rd with a maximum of 26.0c at Cavan and Athy, very early in the season. Phoenix Park nearly bet this at 25.7c on September 28th, very late in the season and was the station's highest September maximum since 1906.
Many stations had their lowest annual maximums since the 1960s, this is how depressing the Summer was for warmth. For example, Cork Airport reached a maximum of only 21.5c during the entire Summer which was its lowest Summer maximum since 1962. Maximums of 14-16c were a frequent occurrence throughout the Summer in all months. Minimums were unusually below 10c during much of the time and a huge lack of warm or humid nights. Mullingar had an air minimum of 0.5c on June 10th, its lowest since June 1991 and one of its coldest Summer nights on record.
Despite the well below average temperatures, rainfall was below average for most parts. In fact, it was quite a strange Summer for rainfall. After an unsettled June in almost all parts, July became more settled with not that much heavy rain. August was rather close to average in terms of rainfall.
Whilst June was the most unsettled month of the entire Summer, it was also the sunniest month. It was quite a sunny June across the island with it being comparable to the preceding two Junes in terms of sunshine, 2009 and 2010. So that's one thing that made up for the very cool and unsettled nature! July and August were dull however and in some parts very dull. It was the dullest August for the east since 2008. At the time until Summer 2015 & 2016 came, it was the dullest Summer on record at Knock Airport with only 337 hours (Summer 2015 had only 291 hours and Summer 2016 had only 285 hours). There's been Summer months that have gone past the bench mark of 285 hours! Like these seasonal sunshine totals are ridiculous and miserable.
So why was Summer 2011 so cool? The Arctic had a huge blocking feature over it with a trough over the British Isles underneath it. This meant the NAO and AO were quite negative.
Compare Summer 2011's (awful) reanalysis to April 2011's reanalysis:
Spot the difference?
Sources
http://www.met.ie/climate/MonthlyWeather/clim-2011-Sum.pdf
http://www.met.ie/climate/MonthlyWeather/clim-2011-jun.pdf
https://www.irishcentral.com/news/coldest-irish-summer-in-50-years-its-official-127722763-237406031Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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7-day running mean rainfall total for 2012 up to the first week or two of December, courtesy of Deep Easterly (I love this poster's graphs!) and Met Éireann.
Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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Courtesy of Deep Easterly, ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA Interim) & Ogimet, this chart is of the IMT mean daily sea level pressure against the 1981-2010 averages for the period January 1st to July 10th 2012 (it's meant to say July 10th in the graph).
Just in case you don't know why I repost statistics that posters like Deep Easterly have posted before on this thread, I post them so that they're all in one place here instead of hidden in long and multiple different threads.Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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IMT Summer 2012 daily mean temperatures up to June 30th in comparison with the same stage of 2011 and the 1981-2010 averages, courtesy of Deep Easterly, NOAA, Ogimet and Met Éireann.
Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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Here's some more photos or charts to add onto the October 24th 2011 post I did, courtesy of posters in this thread: https://www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2056430152&page=48
Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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Courtesy of Deep Easterly and Met Éireann, this chart shows the Irish mean daily temperatures for January 1st to March 12th 2011 in comparison to the same period in 2009 and 2010.
This chart (courtesy of the same people named) shows the Irish mean rainfall percentages of average for January 1st to March 12th 2011 in comparison to the same period in 2009 and 2010.
Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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As you know, Weak La Nina to Weak La Nina Winters (i.e. Weak La Nina Winters that were preceded by Weak La Nina Winters) were part of my Winter 2017/18 analogues and forecasts. This was the table I created showing the CETs for each Winter month during said Winters and the results were quite frankly surprising, but I also said in my forecast that there was still too many exceptions to consider a month by month summary going by ENSO. I found how December 1890 and January 1985 were in there as very interesting.
The CET anomalies are based on the 1981-2010 average and are originally sourced from the UKMO Hadley Centre.
Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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Since the naming of windstorms in the UK and Ireland began in 2015-16, the worst storm to hit our shores going by damage was of course Storm Desmond that struck us on December 4-6 2015.
Desmond was particularly notable for directing a plume of moist air up from the south to the British Isles, known as an atmospheric river, which brought record amounts of rainfall.
On 4 December, the UKMO issued a yellow warning for wind across the north of the UK with gusts expected to reach 70 mph (110 km/hr) in southwest Scotland. Yellow warnings had also been given for rain in Northern Ireland, the north of Wales and central Scotland. An amber warning for rain was issued in parts of central and southern Scotland where the UKMO forecasted up to 200mm of rain on high ground would fall over a 30-hour period from the 5th into the 6th. Met Éireann issued a red status rainfall warning for parts of Connacht as well as Donegal, Clare and Kerry with Clare County Council issuing a flood warning. Other parts of the west as well as Waterford, Wexford and Wicklow were under an amber warning for wind. Cavan, Cork and Limerick had an amber warning for rainfall. All the rest were under a yellow warning for rainfall. This was the first ever time Ireland received a red status warning for rainfall.
On 5 December, the UKMO issued a red status warning for rain in Cumbria with 150-200mm expected in some places. It was the first red warning in the UK since storm Tini - or known as Darwin for us here in Ireland, in February 2014.
The records and impacts of Storm Desmond on the British Isles were huge. The storm broke the UK's 24-hour rainfall record with 341.4mm of rainfall falling in Honister Pass, Cumbria on December 5th beating the previous record of 316.4mm at Seathwaite, Cumbria on November 19th 2009. I'd like to note that these two flood events, as well as the January 2005 Cumbria flood, all took place during El Nino events. The 48-hour rainfall record for the UK was also beaten with Thirlmere, Cumbria having 405mm falling up to 08:00 GMT on the 6 December. Heavy rainfall from Desmond caused severe disruption. Appleby, Keswick and Kendal in Cumbria suffered blocked roads, collapsed bridges (including one that was 250 years old) and some homes were evacuated. Many houses in Carlisle were flooded and tends of thousands of properties in Lancaster lost power when a sub-station was flooded. About 5,200 homes were flooded in Lancashire and Cumbria and approximately 1,000 people were evacuated from their homes in the town of Hawick in the Scottish Borders as a result of the River Teviot flooding. The River Nith burst its banks in Dumfries, flooding part of the town, with a major emergency being declared in Dumfries & Galloway. Landslides and flooding closed some main roads in Scotland. Down and Tyrone in Northern Ireland suffered road closures from fallen trees.
In the Republic of Ireland, the worst affected areas were Connacht and counties Donegal, Westmeath, Tipperary, Limerick, Clare, Cork and Kerry. Multiple, particularly local, roads were closed as a result of rivers breaching their banks and excess rainfall. In Connacht, the damage was worst in Athleague, Ballinasloe, Carrick-on-Shannon, Claregalway, Crossmolina, Foxford and Galway city. Millions of euro worth of damage was caused in Bandon, Fermoy, Kenmare and Tralee, while the Blackpool area of Cork city was severely affected by a higher level of water flow in the River Lee. Heavy rain has also resulted in severe flooding in communities along the River Shannon, namely Athlone, Portumna, Shannon Harbour, Montpelier, Castleconnell, Clonlara, Parteen, Annacotty and Limerick city. The river breached its banks in Athlone on 9 December. Other areas affected due to heavy rainfall included Bray, Clonmel and Ennis. In Glaslough, County Monaghan, the body of a 70-year-old man was found when his car was believed to have become trapped in a dipped part of a flooded road.
2-day (Dec 4th/5th 2015) rainfall totals for Irish stations, courtesy of Oneiric 3 and Met Éireann.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_Desmond
https://www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2057531858
https://www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2057530911
Can't forget the classic Teresa Mannion during Storm Desmond :pac::
https://www.independent.ie/videos/irish-news/archive-video-the-original-rtes-teresa-mannion-storm-desmond-weather-report-34264788.html
Photography site - https://www.sryanbruenphoto.com/
Weather photo portfolio - https://sryanbruen.myportfolio.com/weather-1
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