Notes etc. - Do not post copyright material

Lor1963 · 10-05-2012 5:33pm

briant16 wrote: »

Sample answer for operation Barbarossa,battle of Britain or d days landings !?

Battle of Britain

During Hitler's invasion of France,Neville Chamberlain was replaced as Prime Minister by Winston Churchill.After the fall of France,Britain now got ready for invasion.Churchill showed great determination to fight and encouraged British people to resist.Hitler prepared his invasion plan of Britain.which was code-named Operation Sea Lion.He knew that he had to gain control or the skies over the English Channel first.This led to the Battle of Britain between the British Royal Air Force and the German Luftwaffe.

German Messerschmitts,Stukas and Heinkels took off from France,Belgium,Holland and Norway.Their plan was to attack airfields and radar stations in Britain and to defeat the RAF.Hundreds of German aircraft attacked Britain daily in August and September 1940.One day alone-the Day of the Eagle(13 August)-0almost 1,500 planes attacked Britain.

During the Battle of Britain,the RAF lost many aircraft and pilots,and the pilots who survived were exhausted.But the Spitfires and Hurricanes of the British matched the German planes.The British also had radar.This gave the RAF the advantage of knowing when and where the Luftwaffe aircraft were going to attack.

Then the Germans switched their attacks to cities,which gave the RAF a chance to recover.In the middle of September,Hitler postponed the invasion of Britain 'until further notice'.This was Hitler's first defeat.

Operation Barbarossa(1942-1945)

Hitler looked on Communist Russia as his greatest enemy and he planned to destroy it.He also wanted to create lebensraum(living space) in Eastern Europe for the Third Reich.He ordered the German army to attack Russia on 22 June 1922 in Operation Barbarossa.He used blitzkrieg war tactics in a three pronged attack directed towards the important Soviet cities of Leningrad,Moscow and Kiev.

However,the Russian leader,Stalin,called on Russians to fight the 'Great Patriotic War' against Germany.Stalin also made preparations for the attack by moving heavy industry east of the Ural mountains.As the Russians retreated they used a scorched earth policy. They destroyed crops and communication lines so the Germans could not use them.Hitler's early progress was halted by the Russian winter.Lorries,tanks and aeroplanes seized up and soldiers froze to death on duty.In 1942,Hitler's armies advanced towards Stalingrad.Stalin insisted this city must not be lost.The Russians attacked from all sides and cut off the German army in the city from their supplies.Eventually 200,000 German soldiers were forced to surrendered in February 1943.The German defeat at Stalingrad was a major turning point in the war.

D-Day Landings(Normandy Landings)-6 June 1944

Most of the fighting in Europe was being done by the Russians,so Stlin demanded that the Allies open a 'second front' in the west.America and Britain went ahead with Operation Overlord-the invasion of the continent of Europ on D-Day,6 June 1944.The Allies selected France because of its beaches,shallow water and closeness to Britain.They surprised the Germans,who expected an attack over the shorter sea route to Calais.

On 6 June 1944,General Eisenhower,the commander of the D-Day operations,gave the order to attack.Thousands of Allied Planes bombed the German defences-part of the Atlantic Wall which Hitler had built-while others dropped paratroopers behind enemy lines.At the same time,130,000 soldiers were ready for invasion.Warships and landing craft crossed the English Channel and landed at five beaches code-names Utah,Omaha,Gold,Juno and Sword.Allied troops set up artificial harbors(called mulberry piers) to bring in tanks and trucks,and they built a 'pipeline under the ocean'(Pluto) to supply oil.They were protected by British and American aeroplanes,which controlled the air.

The Allies later advanced across northern France to Paris.The British and Americans suffered a setback in the Battle of the Bulge,when the German army tried to break Allied lines in the Ardennes mountain range in Luxembourg and southern Belgium.But the German advance was quickly halted.

Lor1963 · 10-05-2012 5:34pm

RoRo979 wrote: »

i have telifis,calua and reiteoig mharfach if u want

No thanks....I'd only get confused

We did Subh Milis,An Tigh Nua and An Blascaod Mor Anois

If you have any sample essays or phrases it would be great though :pac: Thanks anyway

KirkCheated09 · 10-05-2012 6:33pm

RoRo979 wrote: »

hi would you have any english, to kill a mocking bird or merchant of venice notes, and irish higher sample story/ letter and good phrases and maybe some french vocab aswell, thanks

Sorry, I do R+J and Roll of thunder hear my cry

I will get some of those Irish and french up later though

RoRo979 · 10-05-2012 7:33pm

The Cromwellian Plantation

The ruler: Oliver cromwell was in charge

in 1639 a row broke out between Royalists and parliamentarians. The irish saw this as an oppertunity and began killing English settlers, they returned to England and gretly exaggerated the stories. The english were angry and when Oliver beat king Charles and had him executed he wanted revenge for the massacres of 1641

in 1649 cromwell landed with 12,000 soliders to drogheda and when it was captures he killed the inhabitants, soon the rest of Ireland was under his control

The plantation: in 1652 cromwell brought in the Act of settlement, this was where if people could not prove they were loyal to cromwell during the war the lost their land. people whose land was taken were sent to the west of the shannon where the land was the worst

results:catholics lost alot of their land but got it back as they outnumbered protestants

priest were executed

Exam Questions

1.A settler in a named plantation:

My name is

and i am from england. I came to Ireland in 1610 because i was granted land by King James 1, in tyrone, one of the six counties planted

This plantation was made possible by the flight of the earlswhere hugh o neill and his ally left ireland.The land of these traitors were confiscated for plantation

I am an undertaker and i got a grant of 2000 acres at £10. this is really cheap i never thought i could have so much land

i had to swear to bring english tenants and craftspeople with me. i Tried bringing people and offering them land at a cheap price but not many came so i had to rent to irish natives even though i was not allowed, but i needed the money.

I also had to swear i would spread the protestant religon and english lawa and customs in ulster. This is not a problem as i am anglican, most of the other settlers seem to be presbyterian though.

i have already built a village around my house and a bawn as it is required. I was happy to do this as the irish are very angry after losing their lands and constantly attack us. they are irish clansmen and they hide in the woods, they use guirella tactics. We call them Tories.

I have based the design on my town on the two big towns, londonderry and coleraine. it has a square in the centre where farmers can sell their produce. it has wide straight roads and it has a courthouse and a gaol which is also required

The soil is very good here and we grow flax to make linen and potatoes. we hope we will be granted a charter by the king, this will allow us to elect a corporation to run the town. it might also allow us to elect a member to the parliament in London

A native irish landowner who lost land in a plantation:

i am sean o neill of tír eoghain, a clansman of the great Hugh o neill. IN 16609 i was driven from my land beacuse of the plantation of ulster. Before the english interfered we raised cattle on our land, Hugh o neill was the leader of the clan but it was the clan that owned the land. a planter names

now grows on 2000 acres of our land. he has been "granted" the land by king James 1. According to English law he now owns the land and will leave it to his eldest son when he dies

in 1607, Hugh was forced by the british to leave Ireland, this "flight of the earls" gave King Jams 1 an excuse to plant the lands. they land was given to 3 types of people; undertakers, servitors( who had served the king as civil servants or soliders) and loyal irish, who betrayed their own people.

is an undertaker. this means he has undertajen(promised) to keep the land safe and practice the protestant religon. He is not allowed to rent to irish tenants.

He has built a stone castle and a walled enclousure called a bawn. He will need them! My clansmen and I have now retreated to the woods and mountains from where we attack the foreigners. The english and scots live in fear of us. They call us Tories!

RoRo979 · 10-05-2012 7:37pm

ok so this is what i have to offer, i have good science and business notes( except accountancy as that is just practice), i can give french vocab and irish sample stories and phrases. i can write history and geog long questions. Also if anyone would have any irish higher sample stories, phrases, religon long questions( not essay) and french vocab that would be greatly appreciated

Troxck · 10-05-2012 7:55pm

Does anyone know how to structure an answer on tension between two characters in a play you have studied? I know the reasons for tension to exist between these characters but I just can't structure it. Can anyone help? I have studied The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare and the two characters are Antonio and Shylock.

Lor1963 · 10-05-2012 8:05pm

Troxck wrote: »

Does anyone know how to structure an answer on tension between two characters in a play you have studied? I know the reasons for tension to exist between these characters but I just can't structure it. Can anyone help? I have studied The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare and the two characters are Antonio and Shylock.

Paragraph 1...Intro-name novel/play and the author and characters who you're going to talk about

Paragraph 2...Character 1-brief description of the character,no longer than a paragraph

Paragraph 3...Character 2-same as character 1

Then do 2/3 paragraphs on the reasons for /type of conflict(tension)-1 point per paragraph

That structure get's me full marks a lot of the time

Troxck · 10-05-2012 8:08pm

Lor1963 wrote: »

Paragraph 1...Intro-name novel/play and the author and characters who you're going to talk about

Paragraph 2...Character 1-brief description of the character,no longer than a paragraph

Paragraph 3...Character 2-same as character 1

Then do 2/3 paragraphs on the reasons for /type of conflict(tension)-1 point per paragraph

That structure get's me full marks a lot of the time

Thanks, I always have the right ideas but it's not in a correct order, thanks a million!

Lor1963 · 10-05-2012 9:22pm

No problem...If anyone wants any English, history,science,music,geography or religion notes just ask,I've lots

Does anyone have anyone have any sample Irish essays or letter phrases? Thanks

xfabgalx · 10-05-2012 9:52pm

Lor1963 wrote: »

No problem...If anyone wants any English, history,science,music,geography or religion notes just ask,I've lots Does anyone have anyone have any sample Irish essays or letter phrases? Thanks

Could I have a sample letter for anything except a birthday or new principal ?
I'd like a fashion show or holiday ... please

Troxck · 10-05-2012 10:00pm

Lor1963 wrote: »

No problem...If anyone wants any English, history,science,music,geography or religion notes just ask,I've lots Does anyone have anyone have any sample Irish essays or letter phrases? Thanks

Science please, Chemistry to be specific. I can't learn it at all, all I understand is Physics, and a bit of Biology. What would be the most important topics in Chemistry to learn and could you give some notes and where should I start? THANKS!

KirkCheated09 · 10-05-2012 10:08pm

Troxck wrote: »

Science please, Chemistry to be specific. I can't learn it at all, all I understand is Physics, and a bit of Biology. What would be the most important topics in Chemistry to learn and could you give some notes and where should I start? THANKS!

Bonding, acid and bases and structure of an atom come up every year.

Lor1963 · 11-05-2012 12:05am

Troxck wrote: »

Science please, Chemistry to be specific. I can't learn it at all, all I understand is Physics, and a bit of Biology. What would be the most important topics in Chemistry to learn and could you give some notes and where should I start? THANKS!

I'll put up some notes tomorrow.Carbon dioxide,water and oxygen are important to know,especially the chemical formulas and preparation

Lor1963 · 11-05-2012 12:10am

xfabgalx wrote: »

Could I have a sample letter for anything except a birthday or new principal ?
I'd like a fashion show or holiday ... please

I have one on the Gaelteacht and one on a holiday! If you want I can put them up after school tomorrow

Does anyone have a sample answer for An Blascaod Mor Anois? Or a people in history on Albrecht Durer?

Lor1963 · 11-05-2012 12:19am

RoRo979 wrote: »

ok so this is what i have to offer, i have good science and business notes( except accountancy as that is just practice), i can give french vocab and irish sample stories and phrases. i can write history and geog long questions. Also if anyone would have any irish higher sample stories, phrases, religon long questions( not essay) and french vocab that would be greatly appreciated

Hey could you put up some of that French vocab and the Irish stories and phrases? Any tips for geography long questions? I can put up some religion if you just tell me what questions/sections you want

xfabgalx · 11-05-2012 6:29pm

Lor1963 wrote: »

I have one on the Gaelteacht and one on a holiday! If you want I can put them up after school tomorrow Does anyone have a sample answer for An Blascaod Mor Anois? Or a people in history on Albrecht Durer?

I have Durer!

Albrecht Durer was born in 1471 in Nurembourg, Germany. He came from a family of goldsmiths but was not interested in the family business. At 15, Durer became an apprentice in a workshop that produced woodcuts and painting. To improve his skills in drawing and use of colour, he visited Italy and other countries.

Durer was unhappy making woodcuts as he wanted to put in extra detail. He began to make engravings. Durer took a sheet of copper and carved a picture onto it to make an engraving. The picture was given detail by thousands of tiny lines. Then ink was put on the copper and printed onto paper. An example of an engraving Durer made was of a hare. He always engraved his initials on his engravings.

Like many Renaissance artists, Durer was interested in nature. He believed that 'art is hidden in nature' and tried to copy nature exactly as he saw it. Durer's painting, "Piece of Turf" is so detailed that you can almost see every blade of grass included in the painting of the layered turf.

At the court of the German Emperor in 1512, Albrecht Durer became chief painter. Even Italians accepted the fact Durer was a great painter. He produced over a thousand drawings and one hundred paintings.

It is thought Durer worked so hard because he was unhappily married. His wife, Agnes, was said to be mean and bad-tempered and he had an arranged marriage. Durer became a Protestant in the Reformation like many Northern Renaissance artists. He died at 57 in 1528.

This is long because our teacher says to aim for a page and a half for homework. You only need 8 SRPs. Our teacher says to included about 10 because some examiners are picky ... and evil

Troxck · 11-05-2012 6:43pm

KirkCheated09 wrote: »

Bonding, acid and bases and structure of an atom come up every year.

Great, a place to start. If I can get the hang of Chemistry I could get a B!

xfabgalx · 12-05-2012 2:41pm

RoRo979 wrote: »

The Cromwellian Plantation

The ruler: Oliver cromwell was in charge

in 1639 a row broke out between Royalists and parliamentarians. The irish saw this as an oppertunity and began killing English settlers, they returned to England and gretly exaggerated the stories. The english were angry and when Oliver beat king Charles and had him executed he wanted revenge for the massacres of 1641

in 1649 cromwell landed with 12,000 soliders to drogheda and when it was captures he killed the inhabitants, soon the rest of Ireland was under his control

The plantation: in 1652 cromwell brought in the Act of settlement, this was where if people could not prove they were loyal to cromwell during the war the lost their land. people whose land was taken were sent to the west of the shannon where the land was the worst

results:catholics lost alot of their land but got it back as they outnumbered protestants

priest were executed

Exam Questions

1.A settler in a named plantation:

My name is
and i am from england. I came to Ireland in 1610 because i was granted land by King James 1, in tyrone, one of the six counties planted

This plantation was made possible by the flight of the earlswhere hugh o neill and his ally left ireland.The land of these traitors were confiscated for plantation

I am an undertaker and i got a grant of 2000 acres at £10. this is really cheap i never thought i could have so much land

i had to swear to bring english tenants and craftspeople with me. i Tried bringing people and offering them land at a cheap price but not many came so i had to rent to irish natives even though i was not allowed, but i needed the money.

I also had to swear i would spread the protestant religon and english lawa and customs in ulster. This is not a problem as i am anglican, most of the other settlers seem to be presbyterian though.

i have already built a village around my house and a bawn as it is required. I was happy to do this as the irish are very angry after losing their lands and constantly attack us. they are irish clansmen and they hide in the woods, they use guirella tactics. We call them Tories.

I have based the design on my town on the two big towns, londonderry and coleraine. it has a square in the centre where farmers can sell their produce. it has wide straight roads and it has a courthouse and a gaol which is also required

The soil is very good here and we grow flax to make linen and potatoes. we hope we will be granted a charter by the king, this will allow us to elect a corporation to run the town. it might also allow us to elect a member to the parliament in London

A native irish landowner who lost land in a plantation:

i am sean o neill of tír eoghain, a clansman of the great Hugh o neill. IN 16609 i was driven from my land beacuse of the plantation of ulster. Before the english interfered we raised cattle on our land, Hugh o neill was the leader of the clan but it was the clan that owned the land. a planter names
now grows on 2000 acres of our land. he has been "granted" the land by king James 1. According to English law he now owns the land and will leave it to his eldest son when he dies

in 1607, Hugh was forced by the british to leave Ireland, this "flight of the earls" gave King Jams 1 an excuse to plant the lands. they land was given to 3 types of people; undertakers, servitors( who had served the king as civil servants or soliders) and loyal irish, who betrayed their own people.
is an undertaker. this means he has undertajen(promised) to keep the land safe and practice the protestant religon. He is not allowed to rent to irish tenants.

He has built a stone castle and a walled enclousure called a bawn. He will need them! My clansmen and I have now retreated to the woods and mountains from where we attack the foreigners. The english and scots live in fear of us. They call us Tories!

did u get this last one from a book or something because there's the exact same one on page 3 on this thread

Troxck · 12-05-2012 10:03pm

This is a big ask but could anyone be able to give me a two paragraphs relating to the Olympics or Euros for a letter? I have an opening and closing for it and they generally ask something bad/good/you liked. Also, would it be in the past or future? As in the 2008 Olympics

briant16 · 13-05-2012 6:40pm

Troxck wrote: »

This is a big ask but could anyone be able to give me a two paragraphs relating to the Olympics or Euros for a letter? I have an opening and closing for it and they generally ask something bad/good/you liked. Also, would it be in the past or future? As in the 2008 Olympics

Any chance you could post it here ? Thanks

thecrammer · 14-05-2012 6:32pm

Thanks a million guys you've helped me out so much... I want to help too, so tonight I'll post some history/science/geography :P it actually helps me to revise

Troxck · 14-05-2012 7:15pm

briant16 wrote: »

Any chance you could post it here ? Thanks

My opening paragraph is only saying that I'm on holidays with my family in China(2008) olympics, as well as the usual opening phrases and the closing is saying how it's great here and I hope to be back soon etc. I'm looking for the main skeleton of the letter. Sorry, I'm only looking for a C in Irish

KirkCheated09 · 14-05-2012 7:37pm

Troxck wrote: »

My opening paragraph is only saying that I'm on holidays with my family in China(2008) olympics, as well as the usual opening phrases and the closing is saying how it's great here and I hope to be back soon etc. I'm looking for the main skeleton of the letter. Sorry, I'm only looking for a C in Irish

Why the **** are you learning about the 2008 olympics?

AoifeK88 · 14-05-2012 7:43pm

If anybody has anything on cheese for home ec it would be greatly appreciated

If anybody needs people in history essays I always get full marks for all my essays so pm or whatever :pac:

xfabgalx · 14-05-2012 8:31pm

sports and olympics are tipped by teachers to come up this year because the olympics are on this year. How obvious was that :L

xfabgalx · 14-05-2012 8:32pm

AoifeK88 wrote: »

If anybody has anything on cheese for home ec it would be greatly appreciated

If anybody needs people in history essays I always get full marks for all my essays so pm or whatever :pac:

Umm can I have the D-day essay?

IceCreamGirl · 14-05-2012 10:57pm

is there any thread on junior cert predictions?

Bazinga_N · 14-05-2012 11:06pm

IceCreamGirl wrote: »

is there any thread on junior cert predictions?

There is now..

Troxck · 15-05-2012 9:19pm

KirkCheated09 wrote: »

Why the **** are you learning about the 2008 olympics?

I have basic Irish, I'm doing it in the past tense and then I will put it into the future, okay? I was asking for tips/help on what I could add.

Troxck · 16-05-2012 8:13pm

I have some French Letter notes(basic) and melody/answering phrase for music. Anyone want them?

Bazinga_N · 16-05-2012 8:38pm

Troxck wrote: »

I have some French Letter notes(basic) and melody/answering phrase for music. Anyone want them?

French letter notes please

briant16 · 16-05-2012 8:39pm

French letter phases please

IceCreamGirl · 17-05-2012 6:19pm

If you prepare to cover a reasonable range of these questions then the options available to you in the Junior Certificate will allow you to answer this section well with this material.

In order to revise efficiently you need to identify the following:

- Your favourite character and why you like that person so much
- Your favourite moment in the story and the reason it held your attention so well
- The opening scene
- The moment of greatest dramatic tension in the play, the climax
- How the key problem or question was resolved or concluded

If you select and learn these aspects well then you will have more than enough material to deal with this section of the drama.

Troxck · 17-05-2012 8:17pm

briant16 wrote: »

French letter phases please

I won't be able to put them up until Friday/Saturday because my friend needs them. Is that okay with you? It's just a simple opening/closing and helpful verbs in the 3 tenses.

briant16 · 17-05-2012 9:36pm

Troxck wrote: »

I won't be able to put them up until Friday/Saturday because my friend needs them. Is that okay with you? It's just a simple opening/closing and helpful verbs in the 3 tenses.

Ye grand thanks:)

bigben121 · 18-05-2012 6:38pm

If anyone has got any notes or help points on lord of the flies or much ado about nothing, it would be greatly appreciated.

Troxck · 18-05-2012 8:20pm

briant16 wrote: »

Ye grand thanks:)

Address: From Ireland-(Home town), le 5 mai
From France-Rennes, le 9mai
Don't forget that days of the week and months of the year DON'T take capital letters!

Sign-off: Amitiés,
(Your name)
Opening paragraph: Merci de ta gentille lettre qui j'ai recue hier(Thanks for your kind letter that I received yesterday). Elle m'a fait grand plaisir(It gave me great pleasure) Désolé de ne pas avoir écrit plus tot mais je suis vraiment occupé en ce moment(Sorry for not having writen sooner but I'm very busy at the moment). Comment vas-tu? Moi, je vais bien(Me, I'm fine)

Conclusion: Voila! C'est tout pour l'instant. Écris moi bientot. Jai hate de te lire.(I look forward to hearing for you)

KEY VERBS
Faire:To do/make
Present-Je fais
Past-J'ai fait
Future-He ferai
Useful expressions to be used with faire!
faire du tourisme-To go sightseeing
faire du shopping-To go shopping
Faire mes devoirs-To do my HW
faire du velo-To cycle
faire de la natation-To swim
faire du ski-to ski
faire de la planche a voile-to windsurf
faire un promende en bateau-To go on a boat trip
faire une excursion-to go ona trip (e.g a Paris)
faire du babysitting-to babysit.

I have the verbs aller and sortir but I'll type them in another post.

POSITIVE COMMENTS ABOUT PEOPLE/THINGS
C'est génial/super/chouette/formidable-It's great!
C'était-It WAS
Ce sera-It WILL BE
Je suis content-I'm happy
Je suis ravi-I'm thrilled.
Il est sympa-He's nice
Il est gentil-He's kind
Il est strict-He's strict
Il est amical-He's friendly(amicale-feminine version)
Il est facile a vivre-He's easy going
Elle est une bonne cuisiniere-She's a good cook
Le match était passionnant- The match was exciting
Pratique-Practical
Marrant- Enjoyable
Décontracté-Relaxing

NEGATIVE
ennuyeux-Boring
Difficile- Difficult
fatigant-tiring

Making suggestions/Invites
Est-ce que tu veux venir en Irlande?
-Do you want to come to Ireland?
Est-ce que tu veux passer deux semaines ici l'été prochain?
-Do you want to spend two weeks here next summer?
Si nous allons a match de hurling ensemble?
-How about going to a hurling match together?
Nous irons-We will go
Nous ferons(with a faire phrase)

Thanks for a letter/present
Merci mille fois pour le cadeau-Thanks a million for your present
J'adore le maillot, le bleu est mon couleur préfére.
-I love the jersey, blue is my favourite colour.
C'était tellement gentil de te part
-It was very kind on your behalf.

That's all I have for now, sorry. I have a bit more on school, family, verbs and time expressions but this will have to do for now I'm afraid!

Lor1963 · 18-05-2012 9:29pm

bigben121 wrote: »

If anyone has got any notes or help points on lord of the flies or much ado about nothing, it would be greatly appreciated.

http://juniorcertenglish.com/Junior_Certificate_English/Lord_of_the_Flies.html

bigben121 · 19-05-2012 12:36pm

Lor1963 wrote: »

http://juniorcertenglish.com/Junior_Certificate_English/Lord_of_the_Flies.html

oh

thanks. It looks very good , only if there was the same for much ado..

Troxck · 20-05-2012 4:31pm

Does anyone know what you'd have to know on the "The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921" and how would it come up in an exam? Thanks.

xfabgalx · 20-05-2012 4:39pm

^Generally need for S6 or a question on who signed it in S.Q.

If S6 then its important for Civil War because Collins saw that the majority of voters in a general election were pro-treaty which meant more people supported the candidates who agreed with the Treaty. Then say what happened in the Civil War.
Also need in People in History when writing about say, Collins or de Valera.
Know one or two of the terms.
Know who signed the treaty, why and what happened at the signing - Lloyd George threatened war again.
Know why some people didn't like it.
It also led to the split in Sinn Féin in 1922.

Think that's all!

Troxck · 20-05-2012 5:30pm

xfabgalx wrote: »

^Generally need for S6 or a question on who signed it in S.Q.

If S6 then its important for Civil War because Collins saw that the majority of voters in a general election were pro-treaty which meant more people supported the candidates who agreed with the Treaty. Then say what happened in the Civil War.
Also need in People in History when writing about say, Collins or de Valera.
Know one or two of the terms.
Know who signed the treaty, why and what happened at the signing - Lloyd George threatened war again.
Know why some people didn't like it.
It also led to the split in Sinn Féin in 1922.

Think that's all!

I have the Civil War semi learnt, same with de Valera.
I just needed to know where to start, thanks!

Lor1963 · 20-05-2012 6:00pm

When they ask about Political Developments in the 60s do you just write about Lemass' government?

briant16 · 20-05-2012 6:07pm

Anybody have any accounts on the age of exploration handy for Q6?

xfabgalx · 20-05-2012 6:16pm

Random Maths Note On Income Tax

https://docs.google.com/document/d/19y2HzakAQzXXK9Uox0WvV2NudqRIb360goeUxAffuNs/edit

IrishLoriii · 20-05-2012 10:31pm

So I seen that someone asked for the field notes a while back! I havent seen any so far on this thread so here's some I have!

Bull McCabe- As his nickname suggests, ''The bull'' McCabe is as strong as an ox and just as dangerous. His powerful physical presence if often used to intimidate others.Armed with his sturdy ash plant, he is indeed a fearful man, especially when he is angry or agressive. He easily frightens Maggie butler, the bird and Mick Flanagan. After the murder the whole village remains silent despite the impassioned pleas of the Bishop. No-one is prepared to risk the wrath of the Bull.

McCabe is of course first and foremost a farmer. All his life he has struggled with the elements to eke out a precarious livelihood from the land. He loves his fields and his cattle with a feirce passion incomprehensible to an outsider like William Dee. He has been renting the land off of Maggie Butler for 5 years at 40 pound a year. He sees it as his. He is shocked at the idea of grass being buried under concrete. To the bull that is a terrible sin.

There is no doubt that McCabe is a dangerous and violent man. He shot a tinkers pony for grazing on his farm and beat a donkey to death for the same ''crime''. Each time he has walked away scot free with the gardai unable to find any evidence against him. Such a man does not threathen idily. William dee doesnt take him seriously though. However this anger and strength is such that neither he nor Tadhg can stop until there victim is dead.

The bull is more than just a mindless killer. He is a proud man with great pride in his land, his heritage and his son. With his strong personality he dominates all arouund him. Only Dee dares to go against him and he cannot tolerate that.

The bull is a tragic figure. His wife hasnt spoke to him or slept with him in 18 years. He is lonely. He has tryed to win her back by buying her a tv and a new bathroom but she has refused to relent.

The bull has a conscience. He regrets killing the pony and the death of Dee is clearly tormenting him. Immediatley after the murder he whispers an act of contrition into Dee's ear. Most likely the words are an expression of his own repentance for his terrible deed. At the end of the play when he has bought The field, his inner pain is exposed.
'' The grass wont be green over his grave when he'll be forgotton by all... forgot by all except him!''

Bird O'Donnell- A calfjobber by trade, Bird is a man who lives largely on his wits. He has earned himself the nickname from his habit of whistling but it suits him for other reasons too. The bull says he is like a sparrow because he cant sit still. Like a bird too, He is constantly on the lookout for fresh pickings and ready to exploit any oppurtunity that comes his way

It is clear that his occupation of selling calves for small farmers is not a lucrative one. He constantly scrounges for whiskey. The auction provides him with a way of making a few pounds so he is happy to help. He is willing to sit in the pub drinking away Bulls money if it means Bull has an alibi. However, his poverty is not so desperate to make him accept the seargents offer of 500 pound for information about Dee's murder. He knows the money would only pay for his funeral.

Most of the humour in the play is provided by the bird. He flatters Maimie and gets drink. Most of the characters have little regard for Bird and even less respect. Nevertheless he does try to stop the McCabes from going too far with the beating. He has no love for the law or the seargent and sticks to his story of spending the night with bull. He is of all a survivor.
'' I have to live, and whats more I have to live in Carraigthomond, murder or no bloody murder''

IrishLoriii · 20-05-2012 10:37pm

William Dee- Though born in Galway, Dee has come from england where he has been living for the past 12 years. He has a block making business. He is a confident young man at the age of 28 and very succesful. He has no understanding or sympathy for Bull. Land to Dee is just another commodity, to be bought and sold and used as required. The bull's threats arent taken seriously nor are micks warnings about a boycott.

Dee has great faith in the law. He understands auctions and is thoughoughly farmiliar with proceedings. He easily outbirds the Bull and is eagarly going to buy the field the next day when he returns with his solicitor . He fails to realise how desperatley Bull needs the field. Bull has looked after the land and it has a passage to water. It is Williams blindess to this reality that proves fatal.

There is much to admire about Dee. He is handsome,well built,confident and well dressed. He is extremely polite. Generously, he buys drink for the pub. He is well prepared to give Maggie butler a fair price for the field. He is a loving husband willing to move his business to Ireland for his wife.

Finally, he is a brave man, the only one prepared to take on Bull. All in all, this is what makes him a victim of bull.

IrishLoriii · 20-05-2012 10:44pm

Mick Flanagan- A differant kind of business man that Dee. He is greedy and compels his wife to sneak a drink behind his back. He happily cheats Maggie butler fxing the auction by not putting up the bill's so that Bull is the only bidder. He willingly accepts Bull's bribe.

He leaves alot to be desired as a husband. We learn from Maimie that he beats her. Maimie complains of his hygeniene. He beats his wife but isnt brave enough to stand up to Bull McCabe.

He also is a reason for Dee's death. He was an alibi for Bull and Tadgh the night of the murder. After the murder, he maintains his story. However, this isnt the first time he turns a blind eye to Bulls violence. When the blessop brothers beat Broderick he remained silent then too.

Tadhg McCabe- He is the bull's son and completely devoted to his father. He shares his love of the land and of there farm animals. He resembles bull in his strength and physical size. Together they make a fearsome pair. He is every bit as violent as bull. He delivers the final kick to Dee's head that ensures his death.

He appears to be more callous than Bull. He shows no remorse for the death of Dee. The girl he wishes to marry has been chosen because he will inherit acres of land not for her physical attractions. If there is any love in tadgh its reserved for his father and there land.

IrishLoriii · 20-05-2012 10:53pm

Maimie Flanagan- She is Mick Flangans wife. She is the mother of 9 children and pregnant with her tenth which she isnt happy about. Her marriage isnt as she imagined it. She is expected to work in the bar and to type up bills for the auctions and be a mother. She is good lucking with a great sense of humour. She is easily flattered by the bird about the lawyers son. Dee is impressed by her and insists on buying her a drink. He praises her as a nice friendly woman.

Though involved by her husband, she despises what has happened. She maintains her silence because she is afraid of the McCabes who she refers to as bullies. She is explains to Leamy her eldest son '' A child makes a prisoner of a woman and I have nine''

Maggie Butler- The owner of the field. She is an old widow. She finds it hard to live on her pension so deicdes to sell her land by fair auction. She is cheated out of her reserve of 800 pound and only receievs 350 of them.

She is a vulnerable woman who lives on her own and she is easily scared of the McCabes. They make threats which shock and terrify her. She refuses to give any informaiton on the murder even though her house is close to where it happened. She is offered protection but she says '' I dont live in the Barracks with the other guards in all the rooms'' She exits from the play desiring only to be left alone.

Leamy Flanagan- Maimies eldest son. Works in the pub on his holidays. Adores his mother and helps her in any way he can. He is an obediant child, yet Mick finds anyway to get at him telling him ''its a daughter you should have been''. He see's many of the men as bullies in the village. The murder of Dee has a deeply disturbing effect on Leamy, he wants to see the culprits brought to justice. He cracks under pressure and goes to live with his aunty in the midlands where he is said to be recovering.

IrishLoriii · 20-05-2012 10:57pm

Seargent Tom Leahy- He is the upholder of the law in Carraigthomond. He is portrayed in the play as ineffective and a bit of joke. The first time we see him he is investigating the death of a donkey. He has no success. He is frustrated by the lack of help from the community.

He isnt entirely blameless though, in the past he has turned a blind eye to beatings. He is seen as a hypocrite who only acts when pressure is applied from outside. He has no conviction to whats right or wrong.

Dandy McCabe- The bulls cousin appears in act 3. He provides Bull with an alibi for the night of the murder too. For him blood is thicker than water. He provides us with moments of entertainment before the killing . He softens the mood before the murder occurs. He shows us exactly how strong the links were in rural ireland.

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