Notes etc. - Do not post copyright material

hey can someone get me revision noted for the merchant of Venice for the JC

Does anyone have notes on dulce et decorum

anyone have any Home Ec. notes though???!!

Can anyone post any sample A standard english HL sample answers?

Thanks

Martin Luther- A Reformer
Born in Saxony, Germany 1483.
Teacher at University of Wittenburg for Theology
Studied bible - way for sinners to get into Heaven
Answer was ‘Justification by faith alone’
Against sale of Indulgences, wrote list of arguments- 95 Theses, nailed to Wittenburg Church door.
Printing Press- made pamphlets highlighting Arguments- distributed easily
He was called a Herotic for going against teachings of the Church
Duke of Saxony- called for Pope to send someone to argue Luther Beliefs- caused Luther to grow further apart
In 1519- Claimed ‘The Authority of the Bible was greater than that of the Pope’
Pope threatened to excommunicate- Issued Papal Bull (Exurge Domini) warned to back down
Luther reacts by burning in Public- Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther
Charles V calls a Diet (Meeting) in Worms - Luther told to recant but refuses
Declared an Outlaw by the Order of Worms
Brought to the Castle of Wartburg by Frederick the Wise
Luther spends year in Wartburg- Translates Bible into German
Luther marries Katherina von Bora- Has 6 Children
Dies in 1546 in Saxony



Christopher Columbus- An Explorer
Born in Genoa, Italy 1451.
Dreamed being Sailor in Youth- Influenced by Travels of Marco Polo to China
Convinced World was round- decided would travel West to reach China
Looked for sponsorship- Got support from Queen Isabella -Spain
3 Ships set sail from Port Palos, Spain in August 1492
Columbus on flagship - Santa Maria, other 2 were Nina & Pinta.
First stop in Canary Islands for food and repairs
September 1492, 3 ships sailed west in Atlantic.
October 1492, 3 ships reached land, named it San Salvador - Called Natives ‘Indians’
Santa Maria sank- timber used to build fort on island called Hispaniola
March 1493, Columbus returns to Spain to Hero’s Welcome.
Columbus made 3 more voyages to New World, ended career in shame, for treating natives with cruelty and got arrested.
Dies in Valladolid, Spain 1506.



Sean Lemass- Political Leader in Republic of Ireland during 1960-1985
Born in Dublin, Ireland 1899.
fought in the 1916 Rising & fight for Independence
1926- One of the Founding members of Fianna Fail with Eamon de Valera & Sean T O’Kelly
Minister for Industry and Commerce in first Fianna Fail government of 1932
During The Emergency served as Minister for Supplies- In charge of Rationing & Prices
1959- Appointed as Taoiseach of Ireland and Leader of Fianna Fail- due to retirement of de Valera
Primary goal- modernise Ireland and create jobs through foreign investment.
In favour of IDA (Irish Development Agency) giving grants to foreign companies to set up in Ireland
Lemass supported idea of Irish troops serving on UN Missions
1962 - Supported the set up of a national TV Station- RTE
First Leader to hold meetings with Prime Minister of Northern Ireland as he was interested in Promoting co-operation between North & South through Ecomony & Tourism
Died in Dublin, Ireland 1971



Michael Collins- A Leader in the Struggle for Independence 1900-1921
Born in Cork, Ireland 1890.
Emigrated to London- worked in Post Office & Bank.
Joined the Irish Volunteers, returned to Ireland in 1916, fought in GPO in 1916 Rising
After defeat, arrested, sent to prison camp in England and became a leader.
After return to Ireland, organised Irish Volunteers, became member of Sinn Féin (led by Eamon de Velara)
1919, Collins elected to First Dáil, forced to meet secret locations as it was illegal.
Cathal Brugha and Collins set up IRA, began attacking RIC barracks in Ireland.
Collins came up with new fighting method- Guerilla warfare
Flying Colums used Guerilla Warfare to attack the British Army called the Black & Tans.
Black & Tans retaliated by burning down towns and arresting large number of people
Cork burnt down after ambush on the British by IRA in Kilmichael, Cork
Collins organised a group of 12 Assassins called ‘The Twelve Apostles’
He set up a network of spies throughout Ireland.
November 1920- Bloody Sunday, 12 spectators of GAA match shot dead as a result of 14 British agents being shot dead.
July 1921- truce called between IRA and British Government
October 1921- Anglo-Irish Treaty signed between Ireland and Britain, Griffin & Collins signed for Ireland
Huge Split in Ireland was result of treaty, led to Civil War
Dies in Béal na Bláth, Cork 1922.



A Person living in Sourthern Ireland during the Emergency
1939- War broke out in Europe
Irish Government of Eamon de Valera decided on Policy of neutrality
Emergency Powers Act brought in to keep Neutrality
New powers to the Government included Internment, Censorship of the Press, Correspondence & the government control on the economy
Sean Lemass- Minister for Supplies introduced strict price controls and rationing of tea, sugar flour, petrol and gas.
A huge increase in amount of Turf produced
The train from Dublin to Cork used turf as fuel and the journey time increased a lot.
In Dublin, gas was rationed strictly and inspectors called ‘Glimmer Men’ checked if people obeyed the rules
The papers used very strict censorship and so did the radio
There were no weather reports during the Emergency
The LDF (Local Defence Force) was introduced as a reserve army
Special forts were built along the coast to report anything supicious
Even though Ireland was neutral, many Irish men & women left Ireland to join the Ally Army and work in ammunition factories in Britain.
Over 30 People were killed when the Germans bombed the North Strand in Dublin by a mistake.
The Emergency ended in Ireland after the War ended in 1945


George Washington- Leader in Revolution
Born in Virginia, America 1732.
His family were wealthy farmers- grew tobacco & owned slaves
Began career as soldier in Colonial Army, trained by British and became Officer
Fought against Indians & French, became Commander of Virginia Troops
Left army and returned to farm and began to dislike England
Elected to Virginia Assembly
Disliked Stamp Act & Angered with the Boston Massacre - British troops opened fired on protesters
Became member of Continental Congress - held meetings in Philadelphia, each of the 13 colonies sent reps
1775- Continental Army formed, Washington made Commander
1776- Declaration of Independence issued, resulted in war between Colonial Army & British (Redcoats)
The Colonial army knew countryside well but were part-time soldiers
British way better equipped but had to travel long distances.
Early victories were for the British in New York & Philadelphia
The Colonial Army forced to spend Winter at Valley Forge- many soldiers died
1778- French troops, arms and navy arrived to provide help for Americans as French leaders admired Washington
Defeat for British at the Battle of Yorktown & British were forced to surrender
Peace talks took place in Paris- America declared Republic.
New American constitution drawn up & Senate & Congress formed.
Washington elected President served for 8 years
Died in Virgina, America 1799



John F. Kennedy- Leader during Cold War crisis (Cuban Missile Crisis)
Born in Massachusetts, America 1917
1961- Elected as President
Totally opposed to Communism
1963- Major Cold War crisis erupted involving Cuba- close to mainland USA
Early 1960s, Cuba became a Communist state led by Fidel Castro
Cuba developed ties with USSR-caused problems for JFK
US Military advisors planned invasion on Cuba involving Cuban exiles living in US
Took place at Bay of Pigs- complete disaster for US
As result Castro began to develop even closer economic & military links with USSR & leader Khrushchev
1962- US U2 (unmanned aircrafts) planes took photos of missile launch site in Cuba
Caused mass panic in US
Ships from USSR heading towards Cuba carried what looked like missile parts
JFK came under pressure with military advisors who wanted to bomb missile site & naval blockade around Cuba
JFK ordered blockade to prevent these ships from reaching Cuba
Created very tense situation- many believed Nuclear war was near
After a few days- both sides backed down and a deal was made
Phone line established between White House and Kremlin.
Died in Dallas, Texas 1963

Geography - Restless Atmosphere

Atmosphere: A blanket of air surrounding the earth. The atmosphere is made up of several different gases, nitrogen, oxygen and other gases.
Importance:
• Provides us with air to breathe
• Absorbs heat from the sun during the day
• Retains heat at night
• Protects us from harmful rays

Troposphere: Bottom layer of the atmosphere, it hold most of the earths gases and water vapour. Resulting in weather forms there.


SUN
Sun:
==> 25% is reflected by cloud and dust in the atmosphere.
==> 25% is absorbed by the atmosphere.
==> 50% is absorbed by the earths land and oceans.
The amount of sun that an area recives depends where they are on the earth in latitude and the tilt on the earths axis. Places near the equator are warmest than places near the poles because they have lower latitudes. If the rays have less area to cover more solar energy will be concerntrated on a certain area.

Summer in the Northern Hemisphere= The earth is tilted towards the sun. Days are longer and nights are short. The weather is warmer
Winter in the Northern Hemisphere= The earth is tilted away from the sun. Days are short and nights are long. The weather is colder.


WINDS
Wind: The troposphere is always moving, the moving air is caled wind. The faster it moves the more wind there is. As te wind moves it brings heat, hot and cold.
Formation:
• Sun heats different parts of the earth unequally.
• As air is heated it expands and gets lighter, rising and creating Low atmospheric Pressure.
• As air is cooled it gets heavier and descends and presses down on the earth creating High atmospheric Pressure.
• Air goes from high to low pressure.

• Wind is named by the direction they come from.
• The most frequent wind is called prevailing wind.
• Wind from the equator are warm and winds from the poles are cold.

Global Wind Patterns
As air blows from high to low pressure it creates a global wind pattern. Each hemisphere is divided into 3 wind belts.
Formation of Northern Hemisphere Wind Belts:
1. Near the equator wind is warm and rises creating LP.
2. Air moves north and cools.
3. Becomes heavier (at approx. 30°N) and falls creating HP.
4. Cool air blows away from HP and replaces rising air.
5. The cool airs rushes to 60°N and the equator creating a belt.
Coriolis effect: The pressure tends to push the air in straight lines, but becuase the earth spins on its axis it changes the directions. Winds are pushed to the right of their direction on the northern hem. and pushed to the left on the southern hem, creating the Coriolis effect.
Doldrums: Are areas close to the equator that has little or no winds.

CURRENTS
Ocean Currents: The ocean surface moves in a regular pattern creating currents. They are like rivers flowing through the ocean.
Results from:
• Unequal heating of the earth ⇒ ocean water expands due to heat, creating a slight slope, waters flows down and by the time ot reaches the poles it is so cold it sinks.
• Prevailing winds ⇒ creates friction when it blows over the ocean dragging water along and roughly following the pattern.
• The earths rotation ⇒ causes currents to move to the right on the northern hemisphere. Creating a clockwise pattern to develop in the north atlantic currents.
Impacts= it effects the climate, the transfer of heat around the globe and brings warm currents from the equator.

AIR MASSES
Air masses: are large bodies of air that have similar temp, pressure and moisture.
==> Maritime air masses bring rain
==> Continental air masses are dry
==> Polar air masses are cold
==> Tropical air masses are warm

Fronts: a boundary between two air masses.
Cold Front= occurs whena cold air mass pushes and replaces a warm air mass, forcing it to rise rapidly. As the mass rises it cools and condenses, developing clouds and bringing heavy rain and the front.
Warm Front= occurs when a warm air mass meets a cold air mass. It rises above the cold air mass and cools and condenses, forming dark clouds, bringing continous rainfall.

Depressions
An area of low pressure and brings unsetted weather eg. Rain, cloud and wind. Atlanic depressions warm, moist tropical air from the south meets colder, drier polar air from the north. The different air masses don’t mix well so warm air rises and creates and area of low pressure. The air begins to move anti-clockwise and wraps around the warm air creating a warm sector. It eventually lifts the warm air off the ground ending the depression.
Anti-cyclones
An air mass of high pressure. There is no fronts in an anticyclone. Anit-cyclones bring settled weather eg. Clear, cloudless skies. In the winter is brings cold and frosty weather and in the summer hot and sunny weather. Winds in an anti-cyclone go in a clockwise direction in the Northern hemisphere.

WATER
Water: is a renewable and natural resource, essential for life. Less than 3% of earths water in fresh water.
Clouds: When water vapour in the air cools and condenses, forming tiny water droplets when billions of droplets join they become visible and creates a cloud. Cloudsare grouped by shape and height. The three main types are: Cirrus, Cumulus and Stratus.
Precipitation: Rainfall is the most common type of rainfall, there are three types of rainfall, relief, cyclonic and convectional rainfall.

WEATHER
Weather: the state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place. Conditions change daily, over short distances.
Elements: Weather study is meteorology. It involves measuring:
• Temperature
• Atmospheric pressure
• Humidity
• Wind speed and direction
• Precipitation
• Sunshine
Preparing the forecast:
1. Collect info from elements eg. Ground, air, sea
2. Transfer data to Met Éireann headquaters
3. Process info using computers and meteorologists
4. Forecast is put into maps and charts
5. Forecast become available to media

Anybody have a case study for economic inequality for Geog. ?;)

Anyone got notes on The pearl by John steinbeck :L for the studied fiction about relationship and theme :L character im lost my english teacher is so bad

MmmPancakes wrote: »

PLOT

Opening:
The opening of this novel establishes the situations of the main characters, I see their troubles, fears, relationship and especially their dream of owning a farm. I also see the innocence of lennie who like to hear the tale of the farm they will have read to him as a bed time story, the parenting role george has and their special relationship. ''I got you to look after me, and you got me to look over you, and that's why!''

The plot is also outlined and we realise the men have fled their previous employment in weed after lennie's fascination with soft things inccured trouble when he pets a girls dress, but holds on, terrifying her. George manages to extricate lennie from this crisis and while they are by the river before completing their journey to the ranch george thinks of ways to protect lennie, he arranges for lennie to meet him by the riverbank incase trouble occurs. I feel that there is a disaster imminent.

Main Event::
In chapter 5 lennie is in the barn regretting the loss of his now dead puppy, which he 'bounced' but not 'so hard.' Lennie doesn't understand his own strength. Curley's wife, desperate for attention enters and begins to converse with lennie. When she finds out his fascination with soft things she invites him to touch her hair, I recognise the danger of this remembering the mulitple soft things lennie hurt before (puppy, mouse). Lennie touches her hair and applies too much pressure, scared of angering george he shakes her to try stop her screaming, but he breaks her neck. Remembering george's instruction he flees to the riverbank.

Closing:
George finds lennie hiding in the bush as planned and reassures him he is not angry with him, he mesmerises lennie with the tale of the dream and their farm. With the sound of lennie's would be killers close, george shoots an unsuspecting lennie in the back of the head. Ironically lennie is killed by the man he trusts and loves, a traumatised george is consoled by slim, the only man with the emotional depth to understand their friendship.

RIP HANDS </3

Thank You so much :P:P

No notes on The Pearl :L? john steinbeck :L

Is é an gearrscéal a roghnaigh mé ná An t-Ádh le Pádriag Ó Conaire. Is é an téama a roghnaigh mé ná An Bás.

Bhí an scéalaí, Pádraig, agus a bheirt chairde Séamus agus Micillín i bhfolach mar nach raibh siad ag iarraidh aon obair a dhéanamh. Theastaigh le Pádraig dul ag bádóireacht ach ní raibh an bheirt eile sásta mar go bhfuair siad léasadh ar an uair dheireanach a thóg siad bád amach gan cead.

Shocraigh siad ar dhul amach ar bhád Thoim Bhig i ngan fhios dó. Bhí plean ag Pádraig. Bhí Tom Beag le dul go Garumna go margadh muc ar an mbád. Ní raibh an triúr ábalta dul mar bhí ar leaid amháin fanacht chun a rá le Tom go raibh dhá mhuc eile ar an mbád.

Bhí díomá ar na buachaillí. Ba mhaith leis an triúr acu dul ach chuir siad ar chrannaibh é. Thóg Pádraig trí tráithnín. Phioc na buachaillé eile tráithnín. Ba é an scéalaí Pádraig a roghnaigh an ceann ab fhaide. Mar sin, ní raibh sé ábalta dul leis na buachaillí ar an mbád.

Bhí díoma an domhain ar Phádraig. Chuaigh na buachaillí eile amach agus d'fhan sé taobh thiar. Bhí Pádraig cráite (tormented) leis seo. Chuaigh an bád amach san fharraige.

Nuair a shroich sé baile fuair sé amach gur bádh gach duine a bhí ar bhád Thoim Bhig. Thuig Pádraig go raibh an t-ádh leis. Choiméad sé tráithnín an áidh ina dhiadh sin.

Anyone have a sample answer for Ailliliu Bop Siuaidi? Cant find one anywhere...

Is cuimhin liom go maith é. Lár an tsamhraidh a bhí ann. Uair an mhéanlae a bhí ann, a bhí mé i m'aonar sa teach. Bhí mo thuismitheorí imithe go cóisir i dteach éigín. Céard a rinne mé? Chuaigh mé sa tseans agus ghoid mé carr mo mháthair.

Lá breá brothallach a bhí ann. Bhían ghrian ag scoilteadh na gcloch agus ní raibh oireadh is puth gaoithe ann. Ach ní raibh mise ag smaoineamh ar an aimsir. As go brách liom síos an bóthar, gan cíos, cás, ná cáthú orm. Bhí an bóthar tréigthe agus thóg mé go deas bog é. Gan choinne, chonaic mé veain ag teacht i mo threo ar an taobh micheart den bhóthar. Bhí mé i gruachas ceart. Chas mé an roth stiúrtha agus bhrúigh mé mo chos ar na coscáin, ach bhí sé ró-dhéanach.

Ní cuimhin liom aon rud a tharla ina dhiaidh sin go dtí gur dhúisigh mé san ospidéal.Ní raibh mé gortaithe do dona - Buíochas le Dia. Bhí mo thuismitheorí ina suí ag taobh na leapa agus cuma an-bhuartha orthu. Bhí mo mháthair ag gol go fuíoch nuair a d'oscail mé mo shúile.

Nuair a tháinig mé abhaile, ní mó ná sásta a bhí mo thuismitheorí liom. Níor thug siad airgead póca dom go ceann miosa ina dhiadh sin. Bhí ar mo mháthair ioc as an damaiste a rinneadh don veain agus dá carr.

Ní dheanfaidh mé dearmad go deo ar an lá sin. Is minic a dhúisim i marbhan na hóiche, baite le hallas, ag smaoineamh ar an lá a ghoid mé carr mo mháthair.

Anyone have any notes on the first question in the last section on the HL history paper? Like the renaissance, reformation, etc.?

Colin2198 wrote: »

Irish paper 1&2 tomorrow

Anyone have a list on approx how long to spend and how much to write on each section?

Could anybody please give a sample answer on the question 'why did this town locate here' for geography. It's greatly appreciated

spurious wrote: »

Guideline or not, it is marked according to the SRSs in it.
Only 8 SRSs are needed for a full mark answer.

I have seen answers 12 lines long that got full marks.

That's really helpful, thanks spurious !!

Do you have any tips on dictation for music? Finding it really hard and i can never seem to get it right. Not too bad at music overall but this is bringing my Grade down. I only got 12/40 in my mock on this question. Any advice would be greatly appreciated, thanks.