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I bet you didnt know that

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  • Registered Users Posts: 2,182 ✭✭✭scotchy


    jmayo wrote: »
    Following on from this.
    How many people know that the colourant used for red smarties is derived from crushed insects, or at least it was until recently.

    The bright red colourant is processed from scale insects, in particular the dried body of the female cochineal insect, collected in central America.
    The colorant is called cochineal, also known as carmine or E120.
    It is really from the carminic acid that the insects produce to deter predators.

    Also relating to food and beverages using weird animal stuff.
    Guinness amongst most other brewers use a product called isinglass to help in the clarification or fining of beers.
    It is a collagen that was originally sourced from the the dried swim bladders of sturgeons, especially beluga.
    In later years a cheaper alternative was derived from cod.

    So technically if you are a vegan you should not drink beer. ;)



    Ah so that was why they got into the furniture business. :D

    Guinness don't use isinglass any more,

    .

    💙 💛 💙 💛 💙 💛



  • Registered Users Posts: 8,104 ✭✭✭Oldtree


    Gelatine is in lots of foodstuffs, including sweets and jelly, to stabilise and thicken and is made by boiling the skin, cartilage and bones from mainly pigs or cows and chickens too. Waste not want not.

    Agar is made from seaweed and Pectin is made from apples and citrus fruits, and they both do a similar job. Pectin is replacing gelatine as a listed ingredient in sweets, made so by market forces I suspect.

    As i didnt want to upset anyone, rather than putting a video here, there's a video in the below article link that shows the gelatine end product and then goes backwards to the start of the process.

    https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/how-gummy-sweets-really-made-8758668


  • Registered Users Posts: 7,699 ✭✭✭StupidLikeAFox


    scotchy wrote: »
    Guinness don't use isinglass any more,

    .

    Could make a bad joke out of it though:


    Barman: What happened to my bottle of Guinness Pawel?

    Pawel: Isinglass


  • Moderators, Recreation & Hobbies Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 90,852 Mod ✭✭✭✭Capt'n Midnight


    Nitroglycerin can be used to treat angina.


  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 60,098 Mod ✭✭✭✭Wibbs


    One of the ways the Beatles music struck a chord(no pun :D) and sounded so new, different and "special" is though their music sounded like pop songs they regularly used particular chord progressions that were rare if not absent in most pop/rock/blues of the time(and even now). One was the plagal cadence usually found in hymns and older church music and half cadence and deceptive cadence where they threw in a note that the listener wasn't expecting, usually by throwing in a minor note/chord when you'd expect a major. They did this from the early days of their screaming Beatlemania pop stuff all the way through their later experimental stuff. Interestingly all of them did this, even Ringo when he wrote the occasional song. A song like Lennon's Jealous Guy(originally written for the band) is written in the pentatonic scale. Essentially Eastern music, like say trad Indian music. Yet in his hands it doesn't sound "Eastern" at all. And even though Rhythm and Blues was their first love and cited as their major influence they only ever wrote, recorded and released one "proper" 12 bar Blues song(Yer Blues. It did what it said on the tin).

    Rejoice in the awareness of feeling stupid, for that’s how you end up learning new things. If you’re not aware you’re stupid, you probably are.



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  • Moderators, Arts Moderators, Recreation & Hobbies Moderators, Social & Fun Moderators Posts: 76,487 Mod ✭✭✭✭New Home


    Nitroglycerin can be used to treat angina.

    It helps the heart go "boom boom". :pac:


  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 60,098 Mod ✭✭✭✭Wibbs


    Nitroglycerin can be used to treat angina.
    Nitroglycerin production threw up an interesting furniture innovation, namely the one legged stool. The worker tasked with keeping an eye on the chemical process involved in making the stuff sat on such a stool, designed so he wouldn't fall asleep.

    Another weird one was the early celluloid film stock for "moving pictures" and still. It was in essence a strip of nitroglycerin. If the temperatures rose above a certain point it would burn and keep burning until all the film was consumed. Many old films have been lost because of this. One reason why the projector in your modern cinema is behind a wall at the back peeking through an opening is because of this early danger of runaway conflagration. Interestingly acetate type film stock had been around almost as long, but the celluloid was more flexible and gave better tonality, at least in black and white films.

    Celluloid was used in other applications. Basically it was an early "plastic" so items made of that were often made of celluloid. And they regularly went up in smoke. One example was snooker balls. They were made from ivory and that was expensive so a couple of bods reckoned they could make them from celluloid. Great, only in some early examples a decent hit between two balls on the baize could result in a bit of a bang. Even playing cards coated in the stuff could go up.

    Poker player earlier. With the kind of explosive hand he wasn't expecting.
    zL6EAQs.jpg

    Rejoice in the awareness of feeling stupid, for that’s how you end up learning new things. If you’re not aware you’re stupid, you probably are.



  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 6,307 Mod ✭✭✭✭mzungu


    The song "Jingle Bells" was originally penned as a Thanksgiving song called "One Horse Open Sleigh" in honour of sleigh races in Massachusetts. It was so well received they decided to alter the lyrics to the Christmas song we know today.


  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 60,098 Mod ✭✭✭✭Wibbs


    Nitroglycerin is the gift that keeps on giving now that I think about it. Alfred Nobel nabbed it as a constituent he reckoned he could work with for explosives, but after a load of early disasters which claimed many lives including members of his family he jumped upon mixing it with fullers earth(IIRC?) to make dynamite. Gelignite was another guys notion to do essentially the same thing, encapsulate the stuff that goes BANG! in an inert substance and render it much less deadly.

    Years later it was reported Nobel had died and obituaries in the media were quick to paint him as the man who caused the death of millions. Only he hadn't died and could read. This vexed him greatly and because he had no family of his own decided that his memory might be untarnished by this view if he put his legacy to good use. So upon his demise his will handed over a large chunk of his not inconsiderable fortune to a prize that would celebrate the best of humanity in many fields.

    And that's why the Nobel Prize is with us today and it sprang from things that go BOOM! and one legged chairs and dynamite and mayhem and death. And it worked. Now we think of him as a name assisted with the best of us. Fair play Al, fair play.

    Rejoice in the awareness of feeling stupid, for that’s how you end up learning new things. If you’re not aware you’re stupid, you probably are.



  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 6,307 Mod ✭✭✭✭mzungu


    Leo Fender, the man who founded the Fender guitar company and developed the first solid body electric guitar and electric bass guitar was not able play either instrument. He took some piano lessons in his youth and then switched to saxophone for a short while before giving it up so he could concentrate more on his love of radio and electronics. It was this that lead him down the path of developing the solid body electric. He tested out the prototypes by giving them to musicians who then reported back to him.


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  • Registered Users Posts: 969 ✭✭✭Greybottle


    Wibbs wrote: »
    Nitroglycerin production threw up an interesting furniture innovation, namely the one legged stool.

    Celluloid was used in other applications. Basically it was an early "plastic" so items made of that were often made of celluloid. And they regularly went up in smoke. One example was snooker balls. They were made from ivory and that was expensive so a couple of bods reckoned they could make them from celluloid. Great, only in some early examples a decent hit between two balls on the baize could result in a bit of a bang. Even playing cards coated in the stuff could go up.

    Poker player earlier. With the kind of explosive hand he wasn't expecting.
    zL6EAQs.jpg

    One of the flawed pieces of evidence that was used against the Birmingham Six was a Nitroglycerine test. They were all found with traces of it on their fingers, but this was because they were playing cards on the train on the way to the port where they were arrested.

    Card playing on a train would have been a very popular pastime back then: no personal stereos like a Walkman, no mobile devices. You could chat, read a book, look out the window, or play cards.

    Thing is, the police could have arrested thousands of people in pubs that night playing cards and most of them would have been arrested under the same test.


  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 60,098 Mod ✭✭✭✭Wibbs


    mzungu wrote: »
    Leo Fender, the man who founded the Fender guitar company and developed the first solid body electric guitar and electric bass guitar was not able play either instrument. He took some piano lessons in his youth and then switched to saxophone for a short while before giving it up so he could concentrate more on his love of radio and electronics. It was this that lead him down the path of developing the solid body electric. He tested out the prototypes by giving them to musicians who then reported back to him.
    The Stratocaster an evolution of the Telecaster was like it's immediate ancestor made for the US country music guitarist. Many of whom sat down while playing and had complained about the shape of electric guitars cutting into their ribs. Hence the cutouts to help avoid that. The sound was more country twang and was good for slide playing when needed(high string to fretboard gap in the early ones). The most popular colour finish at the time was sunburst which showed off the grain of the ash wood in the body. Less perfect grained bodies were painted solid colours and because they were rare(and less popular at the time) they usually make far more money in the vintage market.
    They were also considered a "cheap" way of making a guitar with their bolt on neck, certainly easier and cheaper to make than the more traditional Gibson style guitars. This bolt together layout meant that if a neck bowed or was damaged, you could slap on another neck and away you go, or build one from parts. Eric Clapton's most used example was one such built from different parts example. Jimi Hendrix used to buy his Fender Strats in bulk from a place in New York called Mannie's Music(IIRC?). Like a half dozen at a time.

    Rejoice in the awareness of feeling stupid, for that’s how you end up learning new things. If you’re not aware you’re stupid, you probably are.



  • Posts: 26,052 ✭✭✭✭ [Deleted User]


    We produce three different kinds of tears from the lacrimal glands at the edge of our eyes. The first and most important kind are the tears that keep our eyes moist and comfortable and stop our lids scraping across their surface, called basal tears. Some people don't produce enough of these tears and have to supplement with artificial tears in the form of ointment you place inside your lower lid, or liquid drops.

    We produce reflex tears in response to irritants, like getting some foreign body in the eye like a hair, or perhaps pollen. Those tears are produced in an effort to cleanse the eye of what's irritating it by flushing it out.

    Emotional tears also have a function. Their composition differs from the other kinds of tears - mainly water, salts, antibacterial agents and proteins. Emotional tears contain all these too but also include stress hormones and even some painkiller peptides, which probably explains why a good cry can help some people feel better when the going gets tough.


  • Moderators, Arts Moderators, Recreation & Hobbies Moderators, Social & Fun Moderators Posts: 76,487 Mod ✭✭✭✭New Home


    Candie wrote: »
    We produce three different kinds of tears from the lacrimal glands at the edge of our eyes. The first and most important kind are the tears that keep our eyes moist and comfortable and stop our lids scraping across their surface, called basal tears. Some people don't produce enough of these tears and have to supplement with artificial tears in the form of ointment you place inside your lower lid, or liquid drops.

    We produce reflex tears in response to irritants, like getting some foreign body in the eye like a hair, or perhaps pollen. Those tears are produced in an effort to cleanse the eye of what's irritating it by flushing it out.

    Emotional tears also have a function. Their composition differs from the other kinds of tears - mainly water, salts, antibacterial agents and proteins. Emotional tears contain all these too but also include stress hormones and even some painkiller peptides, which probably explains why a good cry can help some people feel better when the going gets tough.

    I read something recently about it, they've also discovered that tears produced by different emotions have different compositions, i.e. the "ingredients" found in tears of sadness are different or in different percentages to those found in tears of happiness/anger/fear, etc. So maybe there's some truth is the expression "crying bitter tears", after all.


  • Registered Users Posts: 8,104 ✭✭✭Oldtree


    Wibbs wrote: »
    Another weird one was the early celluloid film stock for "moving pictures" and still. It was in essence a strip of nitroglycerin. If the temperatures rose above a certain point it would burn and keep burning until all the film was consumed. Many old films have been lost because of this.

    A few years back I donated a bit of very old film to the IFI. One of their concerns was just this before allowing me to post the film roll to them, and they raise it on their website:
    Another important reason to consider donating your film collection to the Irish Film Archive is the possibility that it might be nitrate stock. Cellulose nitrate film was used commercially until 1952. This film is highly flammable and has been known to spontaneously combust. It is essential that all such film is removed from the public domain. If you think you have a nitrate film please contact the Irish Film Archive immediately.

    http://ifi.ie/preserve/donating-material/


  • Moderators, Recreation & Hobbies Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 90,852 Mod ✭✭✭✭Capt'n Midnight


    "All hail Argos, and it's laminated book of dreams - laminated so you can wash off the tears of joy.”
    - Bill Bailey


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 11,812 ✭✭✭✭evolving_doors


    The infamous 'Tears of Infinite Sadness' when Cartman kills the kid's parents.... and gets Radiohead to hate him.

    tenor.gif


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 1,794 ✭✭✭Squall Leonhart


    Figs are pollinated by female wasps, who lose their wings in the process of pollination. The wasp has no way to get out of the fig and so they die inside, and then the fig's enzymes breakdown and dissolve the wasp.

    Mmmm wasp rolls!


  • Registered Users Posts: 11,179 ✭✭✭✭B.A._Baracus


    After you read the following you'll second guess the use of the word 'has-been' in acting ;)

    But in Hollywood actors, like musicians, get royalties. But they are more commonly called 'Residuals' in tinsel town.
    In 2014 the main cast of the hit TV show Friends received $2 million dollars each a part of their residuals. Friends is a popular TV show still airing throughout the world of course.

    Some actors (usually bigger stars) can even get a share of dvd or back in the day vhs sales.

    So next time you hear someone say that an actor is a has been and hasn't done anything in 20 years? Look towards the actors collection of work. Even one hit movie or TV show can bring checks in for decades to come.

    Bob Gunton, the actor who played the warden in the amazing Shawshank Redemption, once said in 2004 that he was still receiving "steady income, close to six figures".


  • Registered Users Posts: 10,834 ✭✭✭✭Realt Dearg Sec


    After you read the following you'll second guess the use of the word 'has-been' in acting ;)

    But in Hollywood actors, like musicians, get royalties. But they are more commonly called 'Residuals' in tinsel town.
    In 2014 the main cast of the hit TV show Friends received $2 million dollars each a part of their residuals. Friends is a popular TV show still airing throughout the world of course.

    Some actors (usually bigger stars) can even get a share of dvd or back in the day vhs sales.

    So next time you hear someone say that an actor is a has been and hasn't done anything in 20 years? Look towards the actors collection of work. Even one hit movie or TV show can bring checks in for decades to come.

    Bob Gunton, the actor who played the warden in the amazing Shawshank Redemption, once said in 2004 that he was still receiving "steady income, close to six figures".
    Reminds me of Don McLean, when he was once asked what is real the meaning of American Pie. "It means I don't have to work another day in my life if I don't want to".


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  • Registered Users Posts: 32,956 ✭✭✭✭Omackeral


    Everyone knows that 'ultimate' means final or last .
    I'd say most people know that 'penultimate' means second last.
    I wonder did you know that 'antepenultimate' means third last? What a great word. You don't hear it all that often.


  • Moderators, Recreation & Hobbies Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 90,852 Mod ✭✭✭✭Capt'n Midnight


    Back in the days of written letters the PostScript was used to add notes.

    If I had any weakness in this direction, I would devise a mysterious literary embellishment to be known as the antescript.
    - Myles na gCopaleen


  • Registered Users Posts: 1,722 ✭✭✭air assault


    Mr T never said I pity the fool in the A Team.

    He said it in a scene from Rocky 3


  • Registered Users Posts: 11,179 ✭✭✭✭B.A._Baracus


    To continue on with the Mr T facts (and yeah, I know, my username :pac: )

    - He and George Peppard (Hannibal) did not get on.
    - In the 80's he also had a rap album, a cereal and a cartoon. This may explain why come the 90s he just fizzled out as he was putting himself out there a lot. But hey who knows, you got to capitalise on your success while it's going too.
    - He had cancer a few years ago but bounced back.
    - For all of you non-wrestling fans out there: He wrestled in the main event of the first WrestleMania tagging up with Hulk Hogan and going up against Roddy Piper and Paul Orndoff. According to Piper, he and Orndoff would be waiting in the New York cold trying to hail a taxi (after the show, trying to get back to their hotel) while Hogan and Mr T were whisked off to the WrestleMania after party.


  • Posts: 26,052 ✭✭✭✭ [Deleted User]


    To continue on with the Mr T facts (and yeah, I know, my username :pac: )

    - He and George Peppard (Hannibal) did not get on.
    - In the 80's he also had a rap album, a cereal and a cartoon. This may explain why come the 90s he just fizzled out as he was putting himself out there a lot. But hey who knows, you got to capitalise on your success while it's going too.
    - He had cancer a few years ago but bounced back.
    - For all of you non-wrestling fans out there: He wrestled in the main event of the first WrestleMania tagging up with Hulk Hogan and going up against Roddy Piper and Paul Orndoff. According to Piper, he and Orndoff would be waiting in the New York cold trying to hail a taxi (after the show, trying to get back to their hotel) while Hogan and Mr T were whisked off to the WrestleMania after party.

    Mr T was a very popular contestant on Dancing With The Stars a couple of years ago. He was the least coordinated dancer you've ever seen, hilariously bad but absolutely charming. He lasted long after he should have. An awfully nice chap altogether.

    I was in tears laughing at some of his dance performances, but he sure gave it his everything.


  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 6,307 Mod ✭✭✭✭mzungu


    According to Richard Gross of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the 2011 earthquake in Japan may have shortened the earth day by 1.8 microseconds (a microsecond is one millionth of a second).

    Blurb on it here:
    Japan Quake May Have Shortened Earth Days, Moved Axis


    The March 11, magnitude 9.0 earthquake in Japan may have shortened the length of each Earth day and shifted its axis. But don't worry—you won't notice the difference.

    Using a United States Geological Survey estimate for how the fault responsible for the earthquake slipped, research scientist Richard Gross of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., applied a complex model to perform a preliminary theoretical calculation of how the Japan earthquake—the fifth largest since 1900—affected Earth's rotation. His calculations indicate that by changing the distribution of Earth's mass, the Japanese earthquake should have caused Earth to rotate a bit faster, shortening the length of the day by about 1.8 microseconds (a microsecond is one millionth of a second).

    The calculations also show the Japan quake should have shifted the position of Earth's figure axis (the axis about which Earth's mass is balanced) by about 17 centimeters (6.5 inches), towards 133 degrees east longitude. Earth's figure axis should not be confused with its north-south axis; they are offset by about 10 meters (about 33 feet). This shift in Earth's figure axis will cause Earth to wobble a bit differently as it rotates, but it will not cause a shift of Earth's axis in space—only external forces such as the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and planets can do that.

    Both calculations will likely change as data on the quake are further refined.

    In comparison, following last year's magnitude 8.8 earthquake in Chile, Gross estimated the Chile quake should have shortened the length of day by about 1.26 microseconds and shifted Earth's figure axis by about 8 centimeters (3 inches). A similar calculation performed after the 2004 magnitude 9.1 Sumatran earthquake revealed it should have shortened the length of day by 6.8 microseconds and shifted Earth's figure axis by about 7 centimeters, or 2.76 inches. How an individual earthquake affects Earth's rotation depends on its size (magnitude), location and the details of how the fault slipped.

    Gross said that, in theory, anything that redistributes Earth's mass will change Earth's rotation.

    "Earth's rotation changes all the time as a result of not only earthquakes, but also the much larger effects of changes in atmospheric winds and oceanic currents," he said. "Over the course of a year, the length of the day increases and decreases by about a millisecond, or about 550 times larger than the change caused by the Japanese earthquake. The position of Earth's figure axis also changes all the time, by about 1 meter (3.3 feet) over the course of a year, or about six times more than the change that should have been caused by the Japan quake."

    Gross said that while we can measure the effects of the atmosphere and ocean on Earth's rotation, the effects of earthquakes, at least up until now, have been too small to measure. The computed change in the length of day caused by earthquakes is much smaller than the accuracy with which scientists can currently measure changes in the length of the day. However, since the position of the figure axis can be measured to an accuracy of about 5 centimeters (2 inches), the estimated 17-centimeter shift in the figure axis from the Japan quake may actually be large enough to observe if scientists can adequately remove the larger effects of the atmosphere and ocean from the Earth rotation measurements. He and other scientists will be investigating this as more data become available.

    Gross said the changes in Earth's rotation and figure axis caused by earthquakes should not have any impacts on our daily lives. "These changes in Earth's rotation are perfectly natural and happen all the time," he said. "People shouldn't worry about them."

    https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/japanquake/earth20110314.html


  • Moderators, Sports Moderators Posts: 7,160 Mod ✭✭✭✭cdeb


    Very shortly after the Chernobyl explosion, it was discovered that magma was melting its way down through the unit's concrete superstructure - close to a room where water was pooled for cooling. If the magma leaked in, it would hit the water and this would trigger another huge explosion. A 3-man team volunteered to go down and drain the area, which they successfully did. It was generally believed all three died within months, but apparently two are still alive today.

    Anyways, it was then discovered that further beneath the cooling room was a natural tablebase. If the magma leaked into this, the resulting explosion would destroy Minsk, 200 miles away, and render Europe practically uninhabitable. So Russia's top miners were flown in from all over the country to dig a tunnel 500ft long under the reactor, with a room 100ft high at the end; the plan was to cool the magma with liquid nitrogen. Working on continuous 3-hour shifts, in 50 degree heat and with very little oxygen due to the cramped conditions, they dug the tunnel in 3 months, half the time they'd normally dig it in.

    None were told about the risk, and many died of radiation poisoning.

    All in vain, as the magma stopped of its own accord.

    The main city nearby, Pripyat, had its entire population of 50000 evacuated three days after the explosion. But they were actually lucky. The two gas plumes separated and largely drifted either side of the town. Otherwise all 50000 would have been dead by the time of evacuation.

    Reactor 4 is still smouldering today, at temperatures up to 150 degrees


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 39,022 ✭✭✭✭Permabear


    This post has been deleted.


  • Registered Users Posts: 10,558 ✭✭✭✭Fourier


    cdeb wrote: »
    Anyways, it was then discovered that further beneath the cooling room was a natural tablebase. If the magma leaked into this, the resulting explosion would destroy Minsk, 200 miles away, and render Europe practically uninhabitable.
    Would you have a reference or a link for this cdeb? Fascinating if true, but I'm wondering at the physics of it. :)


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  • Moderators, Sports Moderators Posts: 7,160 Mod ✭✭✭✭cdeb


    Link is the tour I was on today. :)

    Or try the documentary "Battle for Chernobyl" on YouTube.

    It didn't go into specifics, but I imagine an issue has to have been the other three operating reactors at close proximity to number 4. So the magma/water reaction would create intense steam, and upwards pressure on the lead/sand dumped into the reactor to try seal it. But the pressure has to go somewhere, and reactor 3 is right beside 4. I can see that not ending well at all


This discussion has been closed.
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