Athletics doping

Dirty Dingus McGee wrote: »

Don't really care about doping in sport.

There is nothing essentially noble about sport (despite sport trying to tell you it is).Sport is just another form of entertainment like TV,Cinema and as long as the participants understand what they are taking and the potential affects of it then I don't see the big deal over it.

Sport is inherently unfair to begin with and athletics in particular is as the results are pre determined by genetics.How is it fair that Usain Bolt is clearly a freak of nature and competing against people who weren't lucky enough to have his good genes.

Dirty Dingus McGee wrote: »

Don't really care about doping in sport.

There is nothing essentially noble about sport (despite sport trying to tell you it is).Sport is just another form of entertainment like TV,Cinema and as long as the participants understand what they are taking and the potential affects of it then I don't see the big deal over it.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O77cVVOFqbE

Plryty wrote: »

And what about the African descendent runners who don't make it to the finals, or are beaten by non African descent. Do these show less genetically favourable features for running that can attribute to their loss?

Cause if so. That would seem to uncomfortably suggest a very rigid framework based on racial genetic inheritance that may not be limited to just sports.

acb121 wrote: »

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_metres

" Only male sprinters have beaten the 100 m 10-second barrier, nearly all of them being of West African descent.

Namibian (formerly South-West Africa) Frankie Fredericks became the first man of non-West African heritage to achieve the feat in 1991 and in 2003 Australia's Patrick Johnson (who has Irish and Indigenous Australian heritage) became the first sub-10-second runner without an African background.[11][12][13][14]

In the Prefontaine Classic 2015 Diamond League meet at Eugene, Su Bingtian ran a time of 9.99 seconds, becoming the first Asian athlete to officially break the 10-second barrier. In the 2015 Birmingham Grand Prix Diamond League meet, British athlete Adam Gemili, who is of mixed Iranian and Moroccan descent, ran a time of 9.97 seconds on home soil, becoming the first athlete with either North African or Middle Eastern heritage to break the ten-second barrier.[15]

Of the six men's continental record holders, currently three of them were born in Nigeria.

It is believed that biological factors may be largely responsible for the notable success in sprinting events enjoyed by athletes of West African descent. This includes:[16]

Relatively less subcutaneous fat on arms and legs and proportionately more lean body and muscle mass, broader shoulders, larger quadriceps, and bigger, more developed musculature in general;

Denser, shallower chests;

Higher center of gravity, generally shorter sitting height, narrower hips, and lighter calves;

Longer arm span and "distal elongation of segments" – the hand is relatively longer than the forearm, which in turn is relatively longer than the upper arm; the foot is relatively longer than the tibia (leg), which is relatively longer than the thigh;

Faster patellar tendon reflex;

Greater body density, which is likely due to higher bone mineral density and heavier bone mass at all stages in life, including infancy (despite evidence of lower calcium intake and a higher prevalence of lactose intolerance, which prevents consumption of dairy products);

Modestly, but significantly, higher levels of plasma testosterone (3-19 percent), which is anabolic, theoretically contributing to greater muscle mass, lower fat, and the ability to perform at a higher level of intensity with quicker recovery;

The ACTN3 protein, a "speed gene" most common among persons of West African descent that renders fast twitch muscle fibers fast. African American 200 m and 400 m world champion Michael Johnson has suggested that the presence of ACTN3 is at the root of the success of these athletes in sprinting events;[17][18]

And finally, a higher percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers (Type II) and more anaerobic enzymes, which can translate into more explosive energy. The enzyme creatine kinase is abundantly expressed in these fibers. The enzyme rapidly regenerates the biological fuel molecule ATP needed for the sprint. The enzyme has been reported to be twice as high in subjects of sub-Saharan African descent.[19] Creatine kinase is the final common pathway of muscle activity. It is tightly bound to the muscle fibers and directly fuels fast muscle contraction. Therefore, the creatine kinase system is considered to be the major factor, downstream of other factors, that modulates the biological capacity to sprint.[20]

Top sprinters of differing ancestry, such as Christophe Lemaitre, are believed to be exceptions in that they too likely have the genes favourable for sprinting.[18]

Colin Jackson, an athlete with mixed ethnic background and former world record holder in the 110 metre hurdles,[21] noted that both his parents were talented athletes and suggested that biological inheritance was the greatest influence, rather than any perceived racial factor. Furthermore, successful black role models in track events may reinforce the racial disparity.[22] "

acb121 wrote: »

When a person of genetic white European origin wins the 100 meters running at a future Olympics, I might take you a bit more seriously.