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Pharmacist salary?
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[Deleted User] wrote: »A years master. Two years part time maybe. I think pharmacists are suitably more qualified than nurses as we are the experts in medicine. I tell the doctors what to prescribe already and write the drug charts. Not much of a leap to put your signature to it.
Just wondering if there might be a bit of overcrowding in terms of professionals with prescribing powers. As already mentioned with ANPs they prescribe but usually under tight consuktant supervision. The proposed PA scheme :rolleyes: won't have prescription powers and I would certainly prefer to see a pharmacist prescribing before them but you can be sure they will be pushing for it within a few years too. With whom does the buck stop then? What about malpractice insurance? That will need to be expanded significantly for new prescribers. I'm not trying to be adversarial, just getting a conversation going. I have utmost respect for my pharmacist colleagues.0 -
Considering this is US based, would Irish Pharmacist be able to move to US and earn the same?
PS: figure quoted here was 150k USD (as far as I remember, haven't watched this video again since it came out)
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Taco Chips wrote: »Just wondering if there might be a bit of overcrowding in terms of professionals with prescribing powers. As already mentioned with ANPs they prescribe but usually under tight consuktant supervision. The proposed PA scheme :rolleyes: won't have prescription powers and I would certainly prefer to see a pharmacist prescribing before them but you can be sure they will be pushing for it within a few years too. With whom does the buck stop then? What about malpractice insurance? That will need to be expanded significantly for new prescribers. I'm not trying to be adversarial, just getting a conversation going. I have utmost respect for my pharmacist colleagues.
In the UK, independent prescriber pharmacists are trained by a consultant. However, once they have passed the exam. They can prescribe whatever they are comfortable with. Pharmacists already should have insurance because if the medication on a discharge is incorrect, the doctor and pharmacist are equally at fault. The buck stops with the person prescribing.
The benefit will be an increased transit through hospital. Give doctors more time to deal with sick patients rather than do discharges for a statin/ codeine etc for a generally well patient.
At the moment, I think hospital pharmacists in Ireland are underused. Hell, I have been told that a lot of hospitals don't even have patient's names on medication sent from pharmacy. They are just sent as stock with no labels on it.
In my experience doctors find it beneficial for independent prescribers to help with discharges whilst they can concentrate on the more complex patients.0 -
Taco Chips wrote: »Just wondering if there might be a bit of overcrowding in terms of professionals with prescribing powers.
It could be said that at the moment we are lacking in suitably qualified professionals with prescribing powers.
A lot of what is called 'prescribing' is in fact 'transcribing,' writing what it says on a hospital chart onto a discharge prescription or writing what it says on a consultant's letter onto a medical card prescription. Many of the 'prescribing errors' that pharmacists deal with on a daily basis are in fact 'transcribing errors'.
Many doctors are forced to prescribe well outside of the limits of their expertise, prescribing drugs they aren't familiar with and dealing with outdated systems that have a mis-mash of brand and generic names and licensed and unlicensed drugs and doses. If they didn't do this then the patients wouldn't get their meds but this isn't good for either doctors or patients.
The important thing isn't what letters a prescriber has after their name. It is that the prescribing is done by somebody who exactly what they are doing, and why.0 -
All good points. To be honest anything that would free up time from endless transcribing on Kardexes, slow dose altering etc is to be welcomed. What kind of medicines would be included in the pharmacists independent prescribing? Will it be an extension of primary care?0
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Taco Chips wrote: »All good points. To be honest anything that would free up time from endless transcribing on Kardexes, slow dose altering etc is to be welcomed. What kind of medicines would be included in the pharmacists independent prescribing? Will it be an extension of primary care?
Every medication that you could possibly prescribe. Up to individual prescriber if they feel competent to prescribe it. The majority of pharmacists in the future should be working in intermediate care reviewing patient's medication and changing them appropriately before they lead to a hospital admission. What do you mean by slow dose altering? Like titration of medications (such as amiodarone)?0 -
[Deleted User] wrote: »Every medication that you could possibly prescribe. Up to individual prescriber if they feel competent to prescribe it. The majority of pharmacists in the future should be working in intermediate care reviewing patient's medication and changing them appropriately before they lead to a hospital admission. What do you mean by slow dose altering? Like titration of medications (such as amiodarone)?
I meant more along the lines of adjusting medication for glycaemic control in diabetics, hypertension etc. "Slow" as in the process of reviewing and incrementally changing things.
It's an interesting idea. What about anti microbials? There are a lot of drugs that require a good clinical assessment before prescribing so that's worth considering too. "Any drug they feel comfortable with" is a pretty broad sweep. There are lots of docs who wouldn't be comfortable in changing certain regimens without referring to specialists first. Would pharmacists have to sit exams with parts similar to the MRCPI for physicians for pharmacology?0 -
Taco Chips wrote: »I meant more along the lines of adjusting medication for glycaemic control in diabetics, hypertension etc. "Slow" as in the process of reviewing and incrementally changing things.
It's an interesting idea. What about anti microbials? There are a lot of drugs that require a good clinical assessment before prescribing so that's worth considering too. "Any drug they feel comfortable with" is a pretty broad sweep. There are lots of docs who wouldn't be comfortable in changing certain regimens without referring to specialists first. Would pharmacists have to sit exams with parts similar to the MRCPI for physicians for pharmacology?
Sorry about the delay in replying. With regards, antimicrobials, pharmacist independent prescribing is one area where a lot of work could be done. Doctors tend to overtreat infections ie (use meropenem too much). In my trust the antimicrobial pharmacists do ward rounds with microbiology consultanmts reviewing patient's antibiotics considering renal function etc. Have to sit an exam in the UK.
But it is a two way street. If a pharmacist does prescribe. He also has to have to level of diagnostic ability such as knowing how to use a stethoscope etc. It is a big initiative here in the UK. All pharmacist leaving university by 2022 will be independent prescribers.0 -
Deleted User wrote: »Sorry about the delay in replying. With regards, antimicrobials, pharmacist independent prescribing is one area where a lot of work could be done. Doctors tend to overtreat infections ie (use meropenem too much). In my trust the antimicrobial pharmacists do ward rounds with microbiology consultanmts reviewing patient's antibiotics considering renal function etc. Have to sit an exam in the UK.
But it is a two way street. If a pharmacist does prescribe. He also has to have to level of diagnostic ability such as knowing how to use a stethoscope etc. It is a big initiative here in the UK. All pharmacist leaving university by 2022 will be independent prescribers.
Ok, no doubt there are some doctors that are zealous in their use of antimicrobials. In my own experience this is a pattern seen amongst an older generation of physicians and definitely not around younger consultants who are quite meticulous about prescribing.
I appreciate you saying it's a two way street, but a pharmacist picking up and turning on a stethoscope isn't really good enough is it? I'm not implying that you think it is but physicians train for 5/6 years in uni and at least 6/7 (most of the time its 10+) years postgraduate training before they are deemed qualified to practice medicine independently. Is it good enough for pharmacists to come along and essentially perform primary care duties without the same responsibility and training as GPs?0 -
Taco Chips wrote: »Is it good enough for pharmacists to come along and essentially perform primary care duties without the same responsibility and training as GPs?
There is no suggestion that pharmacists should come along and practice medicine. If that is what they want to do then of course they should go and study medicine.
The idea is that they would do a PART of what a doctor does, including prescribing, using their particular expertise, which is in pharmacology and drug use. It doesn't have to become 'them and us'. We have a model that evolved for treating a small number of people with short-term acute illnesses and we are trying, with very little success, to apply it to a situation where there are large numbers of people with long-term, life long illnesses who will need medical attention probably into their nineties. We need a new way of working.
The model where almost all useful therapeutic agents can only be prescribed by a doctor isn't good for patients and it isn't good for doctors.0 -
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Well to be fair it does appear to be practising medicine. Having a patient present with a complaint, being assessed and then prescribed a medication is overlapping with what GPs do in primary care. I might be missing something but how are they different?
Will it be a model where pharmacists can renew repeat prescriptions for long term illnesses rather than one where they initiate new prescriptions? Thats more a model I could see working. But theres a lot to be said for a patient who is on long term medication getting a good clinical assessment by their GP every so often too, which they mightn't get if they just go to their chemist now instead.0 -
Taco Chips wrote: »Well to be fair it does appear to be practising medicine. Having a patient present with a complaint, being assessed and then prescribed a medication is overlapping with what GPs do in primary care. I might be missing something but how are they different?
Will it be a model where pharmacists can renew repeat prescriptions for long term illnesses rather than one where they initiate new prescriptions? Thats more a model I could see working. But theres a lot to be said for a patient who is on long term medication getting a good clinical assessment by their GP every so often too, which they mightn't get if they just go to their chemist now instead.
I think the conversation is more about Hospital pharmacists than Community pharmacists.0 -
Taco Chips wrote: »Well to be fair it does appear to be practising medicine. Having a patient present with a complaint, being assessed and then prescribed a medication is overlapping with what GPs do in primary care. I might be missing something but how are they different?
The scenario you present suggests that patients wouldn't be seen by doctors at all, which isn't what happens with nurse prescribers and isn't what happens in countries where pharmacists prescribe.
Diagnosis remains the core skill of the doctor but management of patients, particularly those with complex problems, requires the input of different professionals, the much-vaunted but seldom seen 'multi-disciplinary team' or MDT.
Pharmacist prescribers can work in hospital or in the community but aren't generalists, dealing with everybody who walks in the door, in the way GPs or community pharmacists are. They work in a particular area, maybe addiction, mental health, asthma or palliative care, where frequent changes in medication or doses may be needed. Anybody who has reason to attend a hospital out-patients' clinic will know there are long waits and frequent cancellations.
We don't have the resources to provide enough doctors with sufficient skills to see all these patients and see them as often as needed. Usually it is, 'try this new medicine, see how you get on and come back in 6 months.' That isn't working. Anything can and does happen in six months. Patients get side-effects, the drug isn't effective, they stop taking it. Six months later they are no better and often worse. We need a better system.
Doctors spend too much time on tasks that could be done by others and in some cases could be done better by others.0 -
Taco Chips wrote: »Ok, no doubt there are some doctors that are zealous in their use of antimicrobials. In my own experience this is a pattern seen amongst an older generation of physicians and definitely not around younger consultants who are quite meticulous about prescribing.
I appreciate you saying it's a two way street, but a pharmacist picking up and turning on a stethoscope isn't really good enough is it? I'm not implying that you think it is but physicians train for 5/6 years in uni and at least 6/7 (most of the time its 10+) years postgraduate training before they are deemed qualified to practice medicine independently. Is it good enough for pharmacists to come along and essentially perform primary care duties without the same responsibility and training as GPs?
I agree with you that I would prefer doctor to diagnose. However, you have to know the skills in case you need it. Like if you are looking at a patient and they came in with exacerbation of hypertension because they were started on too low a dose in the community, it can easily be changed. However, if I noticed something irregular while checking their vitals. I can refer it to clinician.
I think you are doing pharmacy a disservice, Pharmacy is also a 5 year course and this is extra training (as part of a masters). If I wanted to be a GP, I would study medicine.
As regards responsibility, I would think anyone from a consultant to junior doctor to an ANP has the same responsibility when prescribing. I work in a hospital setting. I don't know where the comparison with GP's is coming from . I work in a hospital.0 -
Deleted User wrote: »I agree with you that I would prefer doctor to diagnose. However, you have to know the skills in case you need it. Like if you are looking at a patient and they came in with exacerbation of hypertension because they were started on too low a dose in the community, it can easily be changed. However, if I noticed something irregular while checking their vitals. I can refer it to clinician.
I think you are doing pharmacy a disservice, Pharmacy is also a 5 year course and this is extra training (as part of a masters). If I wanted to be a GP, I would study medicine.
As regards responsibility, I would think anyone from a consultant to junior doctor to an ANP has the same responsibility when prescribing. I work in a hospital setting. I don't know where the comparison with GP's is coming from . I work in a hospital.
I certainly don't mean to do pharmacy a disservice. I have many friends who are pharmacists and I know all about their hard work and how well qualified they are. I'm not trying to poke holes for the sake of things, just throwing out questions here and there as they cross my mind.
As an aside, what do pharmacists think of this
http://ow.ly/PWvAf
Article discussing the physician associate scheme. It mentions that they won't have prescribing power unlike the US but the discussion seems to indicate this is something they will lobby for in the future. Part of my scepticism about extending prescribing power in general is that it might become a bit of a free for all with the government deciding its cheaper and easier to employ workers like PAs that are extremely lesser qualified and just have them as dispensing robots. I know I would certainly much prefer to see pharmacists prescribing certain medications than these so called "physician associates". Just wondering where the line is.0 -
I think independent prescribing has merits, but potential pitfalls.
Whatever you say there is a big crossover with GPs. Altering medications within certain parameters makes sense, but you have to be careful and have access to tests etc to back yourself up or it's opening up a big negligence grey area. Even something as "simple" as increasing someone with CCF furosemide should have U&Es monitored. If you are sending someone back to the GP for that it sort of defeats the purpose.
The need for intermediate care centres is obvious, but they will surely be staffed by physicians too? Working together to balance the load makes sense, but then again if pharmacists just turn into discharge prescription transcribers then that's hardly a step forward for the profession.
The example you state of increasing a dose of an antihypertensive is reasonable and sensible. Starting to diagnose and treat with no physician input is not in my opinion.
I have trained as both a pharmacist and a doctor. There is absolutely no comparison in the world between the courses when it comes to diagnosis. The crossover is actually very limited especially when it comes to the clinical years. There would need to be serious post graduate training for safe truly independent prescribing to work, and even then I'm not quite sure where they would fit into the system.0 -
Nonoperational wrote: »I think independent prescribing has merits, but potential pitfalls.
Whatever you say there is a big crossover with GPs. Altering medications within certain parameters makes sense, but you have to be careful and have access to tests etc to back yourself up or it's opening up a big negligence grey area. Even something as "simple" as increasing someone with CCF furosemide should have U&Es monitored. If you are sending someone back to the GP for that it sort of defeats the purpose.
The need for intermediate care centres is obvious, but they will surely be staffed by physicians too? Working together to balance the load makes sense, but then again if pharmacists just turn into discharge prescription transcribers then that's hardly a step forward for the profession.
The example you state of increasing a dose of an antihypertensive is reasonable and sensible. Starting to diagnose and treat with no physician input is not in my opinion.
I have trained as both a pharmacist and a doctor. There is absolutely no comparison in the world between the courses when it comes to diagnosis. The crossover is actually very limited especially when it comes to the clinical years. There would need to be serious post graduate training for safe truly independent prescribing to work, and even then I'm not quite sure where they would fit into the system.
Took me ages to get back to this. Like I said, if it is a complicated patient, get them seen by a doctor. I have very little training regarding diagnosing etc. and it is isn't something that appeals to me. However, I may have to do some diagnostics if I am comfortable doing them.
Areas where a pharmacist independent prescriber could be useful:
1) Doctor has prescribed wrong dose of medication/ wrong medication in hospital and cannot contact them. Inappropriate doses not taking into account weight.
2) Prescribing chemotherapy (specialised pharmacist with years of training: no diagnosing)
3) Prescribing of Abx: Doctor's not aware of dosing based on Creatinine clearance/eGFR. Best antibiotics to cover against the strain of bacteria.
4) Changing non formulary medications to equivalent formulary approved medications
5) Addiction services: Prescribing methadone/ buprenorphine etc.
6) Asthma clinics/ warfarin clinics
6) Working in multidisciplinary teams to keep people at risk of hospital admission at home managing.
The last point is one I am probably most excited about. The most expensive part of hospital is actually housing the patient. If we can keep them treated in the community, the expected outcome is better. Working with OT's, community nurses and physios under the direction of a consultant. Treatment of COPD exacerbation in community has shown to have better outcomes than treatment in hospitals.0 -
Deleted User wrote: »Took me ages to get back to this. Like I said, if it is a complicated patient, get them seen by a doctor. I have very little training regarding diagnosing etc. and it is isn't something that appeals to me. However, I may have to do some diagnostics if I am comfortable doing them.
Areas where a pharmacist independent prescriber could be useful:
1) Doctor has prescribed wrong dose of medication/ wrong medication in hospital and cannot contact them. Inappropriate doses not taking into account weight.
2) Prescribing chemotherapy (specialised pharmacist with years of training: no diagnosing)
3) Prescribing of Abx: Doctor's not aware of dosing based on Creatinine clearance/eGFR. Best antibiotics to cover against the strain of bacteria.
4) Changing non formulary medications to equivalent formulary approved medications
5) Addiction services: Prescribing methadone/ buprenorphine etc.
6) Asthma clinics/ warfarin clinics
6) Working in multidisciplinary teams to keep people at risk of hospital admission at home managing.
The last point is one I am probably most excited about. The most expensive part of hospital is actually housing the patient. If we can keep them treated in the community, the expected outcome is better. Working with OT's, community nurses and physios under the direction of a consultant. Treatment of COPD exacerbation in community has shown to have better outcomes than treatment in hospitals.
I think your post is well intentioned but there are a lot of serious issues here with regards with good clinical practice and patient safety. Applying diagnostic skills "if I am comfortable doing them" as an independent practitioner is simply not good enough. Clinical skills of diagnosis take years and years to acquire and are constantly being honed well after a doc is fully qualified. Are independent prescribers going to be seeing a volume of patients sufficient enough to keep their skills sharp? Who is going to regulate their diagnostic skills? Are they going to do OSCEs, royal college exams? Why not just apply to medical school?
On your other points
1) I can understand the frustration of needing to change incorrect doses. Is not being able to contact a doc that much of a problem? Perhaps the answer is in having better lines of communication and docs making themselves more contactable.
2) Cytotoxic chemotherapy? That sounds like madness. There is absolutely no way that can happen safely. Oncology is about a lot more than just prescribing chemotherapy. If someone is interested in that area then I suggest they go to medical school, graduate and apply for the oncology medicine training scheme. Should take about 11 years assuming all goes well. And for reason too. Chemotherapy is tightly controlled for patient safety. http://www.rcpi.ie/content/docs/000001/232_5_media.pdf
3) Or better education for docs wrt to CrCl and better microbiology services in hospitals? Would be a lot quicker and more efficient than to create a brand new tier of health care professional.
4) Definitely, but again relates to 3).
5) Methadone also not something prescribed very simply. A lot of significant clinical side effects and issues with dependence best overseen by a physician.
6) Asthma/warfarin you can make a case for. A lot of asthma and warfarin clinics are run well by clinical nurse specialists and ANPs already with some oversight by physicians. Why not just increase this level of service where there are shortages. But even long term warfarin therapy is not straight forward.
7) Pharmacists should definitely be more involved with MDTs. In fact I think your points 3, 4, 6 could be solved in fact if they were to become so.
I think it's easy to look at a doctors job from the outside a lot and see it as a lot of prescription writing and that its a job easily done but its a lot more nuanced then that. Some of the suggestions put out there are quite short sighted and naive. Plenty of pharmacists in my class in medicine who never had any idea (like the rest of us) of the breadth and depth stuff that we are taught and what we are expected to be responsible for.0 -
Taco Chips wrote: »I think your post is well intentioned but there are a lot of serious issues here with regards with good clinical practice and patient safety. Applying diagnostic skills "if I am comfortable doing them" as an independent practitioner is simply not good enough. Clinical skills of diagnosis take years and years to acquire and are constantly being honed well after a doc is fully qualified. Are independent prescribers going to be seeing a volume of patients sufficient enough to keep their skills sharp? Who is going to regulate their diagnostic skills? Are they going to do OSCEs, royal college exams? Why not just apply to medical school?
On your other points
1) I can understand the frustration of needing to change incorrect doses. Is not being able to contact a doc that much of a problem? Perhaps the answer is in having better lines of communication and docs making themselves more contactable.
2) Cytotoxic chemotherapy? That sounds like madness. There is absolutely no way that can happen safely. Oncology is about a lot more than just prescribing chemotherapy. If someone is interested in that area then I suggest they go to medical school, graduate and apply for the oncology medicine training scheme. Should take about 11 years assuming all goes well. And for reason too. Chemotherapy is tightly controlled for patient safety. http://www.rcpi.ie/content/docs/000001/232_5_media.pdf
3) Or better education for docs wrt to CrCl and better microbiology services in hospitals? Would be a lot quicker and more efficient than to create a brand new tier of health care professional.
4) Definitely, but again relates to 3).
5) Methadone also not something prescribed very simply. A lot of significant clinical side effects and issues with dependence best overseen by a physician.
6) Asthma/warfarin you can make a case for. A lot of asthma and warfarin clinics are run well by clinical nurse specialists and ANPs already with some oversight by physicians. Why not just increase this level of service where there are shortages. But even long term warfarin therapy is not straight forward.
7) Pharmacists should definitely be more involved with MDTs. In fact I think your points 3, 4, 6 could be solved in fact if they were to become so.
I think it's easy to look at a doctors job from the outside a lot and see it as a lot of prescription writing and that its a job easily done but its a lot more nuanced then that. Some of the suggestions put out there are quite short sighted and naive. Plenty of pharmacists in my class in medicine who never had any idea (like the rest of us) of the breadth and depth stuff that we are taught and what we are expected to be responsible for.
I think you are getting mixed up between what the entire compass of a doctor's job and just prescribing. The diagnostic skills I would be talking about would be checking heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose etc. W don't do OSCE's anymore in the UK. We use minicex for observational evaluation. It is part of a two year diploma with registration to GPhC.
1) Because there is not enough doctors. Doctors don't have the time. Patients suffer and spend longer in hospital costing the health service money.
2) Not madness at all. The lead oncology pharmacist in my hospital is paid by McMillan's cancer society to prescribe chemo. She has been specialised in haem/onc for over 10 years and prescribes the majority of chemo. She does not diagnose cancer, just prescribes the chemotherapy.
3) Not enough doctors.
4) Not enough doctors. Doctors don't know what the equivalent meds are.
5/6) Not enough doctors. Methadone does have a heap of side effects. Treating a patient with methadone isn't hugely complex from a pharmaceutical point of view. As an aside methadone is a **** drug and just replacing one addiction with another addictiction without dealing with the social cuases of heroin addiction in the first place. In your example, are you happy for doctor " with some oversight" to sign off prescriptions without seeing the patient. I know I wouldn't be happy a pharmacy technician to clinically check a prescription for me in my absense.
The truth is there isn't enough doctors and as doctor's numbers are capped, there has to be something done. Everyone of the points I have made above is currently happening in the NHS.
What stage of medicine are you at? The difficulties in hospital are huge and patient's needs aren't been met at this stage.0 -
I don't know how this wasn't mentioned but I think clinicians should have less power to prescribe antibiotics and that responsibility should be in the hands of a specialist microbiologist/pharmacologist. The current approach is doing more harm than good.0
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steddyeddy wrote: »I don't know how this wasn't mentioned but I think clinicians should have less power to prescribe antibiotics and that responsibility should be in the hands of a specialist microbiologist/pharmacologist. The current approach is doing more harm than good.
I think that that demonstrates a significant misunderstanding of how hospitals function. There are huge time pressures on clinical microbiologists and pharmacologists to deal with anything more than the most complex of cases. They are already struggling to deal with the frequency of the consults to their services.
Additionally, that's actually a rather insulting comment to direct at highly educated and experienced clinicians. The emergence of drug resistant bacteria is something that I would regard as a socioclinical issue. Patients are also highly at fault in this instance.0 -
Though I must ask how you envisage primary care functioning under your new prescribing regime?0
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I think that that demonstrates a significant misunderstanding of how hospitals function. There are huge time pressures on clinical microbiologists and pharmacologists to deal with anything more than the most complex of cases. They are already struggling to deal with the frequency of the consults to their services.
Additionally, that's actually a rather insulting comment to direct at highly educated and experienced clinicians. The emergence of drug resistant bacteria is something that I would regard as a socioclinical issue. Patients are also highly at fault in this instance.
In fairness, everybody is to blame. The least amount of responsibility is on the patient. I certainly hold health professionals (especially pharmacists and microbiology spececialists) for the majority of antibitoic resistance. I had a consultant try to prescribe meropenem for a mild chest infection because the patient had "crackles".0 -
Deleted User wrote: »In fairness, everybody is to blame. The least amount of responsibility is on the patient. I certainly hold health professionals (especially pharmacists and microbiology spececialists) for the majority of antibitoic resistance. I had a consultant try to prescribe meropenem for a mild chest infection because the patient had "crackles".
While agreeing that antibiotics are overprescribed and health care workers have to own up to that responsibility, patients certainly misuse antibiotics and that doesn't help. It seems like every mother in the country has an emergency supply of antibiotics, and how many unfinished courses are there as well. As a society, we need to move away from routine antibiotics use (certainly for the vast majority of upper respiratory illnesses), and I say this as someone whose prescribing could stand to be a lot better.0 -
Notatoxford wrote: »Thank you for your post.Does anyone here know what pharmacists in Ireland earn at the moment?I find it very hard to believe that all of the 90 odd people who have viewed this thread have no idea how much they earn...
I'm one of them. I haven't a clue. I do know a google that might, though...0 -
Deleted User wrote: »In fairness, everybody is to blame. The least amount of responsibility is on the patient. I certainly hold health professionals (especially pharmacists and microbiology spececialists) for the majority of antibitoic resistance. I had a consultant try to prescribe meropenem for a mild chest infection because the patient had "crackles".
Do pharmacists prescribe antibiotics?0 -
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Join Date:Posts: 11109
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This forum is health sciences, anyone want to give me a good reason not to close this thread?
Rob0 -
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Join Date:Posts: 11109
Deleted User wrote: »They can...... in the UK. It will eventually be brought into Ireland.
I don't we have got away from the original thread title. Maybe seperate it into a different thread.
The clue to this forum is in the ie bit of boards.ie......0
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