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  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    Theobald Wolfetone was a Dublin-born Protestant. A person's religion was very important in the 18th century. There were three main religions: Catholics, Presbyterians and Anglicans. The Penal Laws discriminated Catholics, they left them poor and powerless. Presbyterians were also slightly discriminated by the Anglicans as they would not allow them to sit in government jobs. Anglicans were divided into two groups, The Protestant Ascendancy, who controlled almost all the land and jobs and then the rest who had little wealth or power. Wolfetone belonged to this group.

    Wolfetone belonged to the Church of Ireland but his family were not rich enough to be part of the Protestant Ascendancy. He studied law in Trinity College, but was more interested in politics. When the French revolution broke out, he welcomed it, hoping for "liberty, equality and fraternity" in Ireland too. In 1791 Presbyterians in Belfast set up a club to work for these ideas. Tone suggested they campaign against the Penal Laws. To convince them, he wrote a short book called "An Argument on behalf of the Catholics of Ireland". In it, Tone said that religious divisions were bad for Ireland. Many people were impressed by what he wrote and he was invited by Belfast Presbyterians him to join them in setting up the Society of United Irishmen.

    The aims of the United Irishmen were to unite Irish people of all religions, reform the Irish parliament and reduce the power of the British government in Ireland. At first they worked peacefully for these aims, but in 1793 Britain went to war with France. The British thought that anyone who sympathised with French ideas was dangerous and watched the United Irishmen closely. When they found Tone talking to a French spy they forced him to leave Ireland for America and outlawed the UI.

    New leaders took over after Tone left. They turned the UI into a secret society and planned a rebellion to set up an Irish republic. Tone knew they would need outside help. He went to France to persuade the French to send an army to Ireland. They listened to him and sent an army of 15,000 headed for Ireland. In December 1796 the army set out but their ships rant into terrible storms and had to go back to France.

    This frightened the Ascendancy and the British government. They decided to destroy the UI before another French army could arrive. They used spies to uncover their plans and introduced a reign of terror in Ulster & Leinster. This then led to rebellions in Leinster, Wexford and Ulster which were unsuccessful. In Paris, Wolfe Tone at last persuaded the French to send more troops but they came too late to help the rebels. 1,100 men landed in Killala in Co. Mayo. Thousands of local people joined them. They defeated a small British army at Castlebar but then lost to a much larger force at Ballinamuck. A little later a small French fleet arrived in Lough Swilly in Dongela. Wolfe Tone was on board. The British navy captured them. Tone was sent to Dublin where he was tried and sentenced to hang. The asked to be shot like a soldier and when that was refused he committed suicide.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    Food, coal, cloth and other things had to be carried from place to place. This encouraged people to improve old ways of transport. Thomas Telford and James McAdam improved road surfaces. Private investors built toll roads. Stage and mail coaches became faster and more comfortable. In Ireland, Charles Bianconi began a coach service linking many country towns. Canals like the Bridgewater Canal linked cities to the sea. In Ireland the Grand and Royal Canals linked Dublin to the Shannon.

    After James Watt invented the steam engine, people tried to use it in transport but it took a long time to find out how. Around 1820 steam engines were put in ships to make them faster and more reliable than sailing ships. Steam-driven wagons (locomotives) were too heavy for the roads. In mining areas they were put on rails to carry coal. George Stephenson invented the Rocket, the first reliable steam locomotive. It was used on the Liverpool to Manchester railway in 1829. After that railways were built all over the world. The first Irish railway was from Dublin to Kingstown (Dun Laoghaire) in 1834.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    Micro-organisms are small living things. There are three types of micro-organisms: viruses, bacteria and fungi.

    Viruses are: the smallest micro-organisms, unable to reproduce by themselves (they use other cells to produce new viruses), parasites and the causes of diseases such as colds, flu, measles, mumps and AIDS. A parasite is a living thing that gets its food from another living thing.

    Bacteria: are larger than viruses, are visible only under a microscope, need food, water, a suitable temperature and pH to grow, reproduce asexually, causes diseases such as TB, pneumonia, sore throats, tetanus and food poisoning and can be parasites or saprophytes. A saprophyte is a living thing that gets its food from dead sources. Advantages of bacteria is that they make foods such as cheese, butter and yoghurt and decay dead plants and animals (releasing minerals into the soil to be re-used by plants.) Disadvantages of bacteria are that they cause disease and destroy foods.

    Antibiotics are chemicals made by micro-organisms that kill or prevent the growth of bacteria.

    Fungi are: simple plants that do not contain chlorophyll, not green, not able to make their own food, single celled or made of underground threads. Advantages of fungi are that it can be eaten and used to make alcohol. Disadvantages of fungi are the it causes diseases such as athlete's foot and ringworm and causes food to rot.

    Biotechnology is the use of living things or parts of living things to make useful products. Biotechnology used plants, animals, bacteria, yeasts and enzymes to produce useful products. Industrial uses of biotechnology include yeast, making alcohol in breweries and bacteria, making stain-removing enzymes for use in washing powders. Medical uses of biotechnology include bacteria and fungi, making antibiotics and bacteria and yeast being treated so that they can produce products such as human hormones, antibodies or drugs.

    To investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil:
    - Obtain 3 sterile petri dishes, A B C, containing nutrient agar.
    - Remove the lid from Dish A to allow micro-organisms from the air to land on the agar.
    - Sprinkle a small sample of soil over the agar in Dish B.
    - Do not open Dish C as this dish acts as a control.
    - Close all the dishes, seal them with tape and label them on the undersides.
    - Place the 3 dishes in a warm room or incubator for a few days.
    - Dish A may have round, shiny patches of bacteria growing on the agar or there may be patches of fluffy growth which is caused by fungi.
    - Dish B may be similar to Dish A.
    - Dish C should have no growth on the surface of the agar.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 3,849 ✭✭✭bluejay14


    Seeing as I have nothing better to do I think I'll might as well stick up some more notes. I am also testing my memory!

    Archaeologist at work

    Much of what we know about eaarly history comes from a special kind of historical detective work called archaeology. Archaeology is the study of very old things. Sometimes, the ruins of old building, churches and graves may still be visible above the ground and may be worth investigating. Even when the ruins have virtually disappeared, an archaeologist may locate them with the help of old maps or documents which pinpoint their location. Todays archaeologists often locate places of interest with the help of aerial photograph. Old stories and legends, while often unreliable and untrue can give important clues.

    When archaeologists believe they have found a place worth investigating, it becomes an archaeological site. the site is divided into small sections usually square shaped and identified by different numbers or letters. Small pathways are marked out between the section sto prevent the archaeologists from treading on valuable finds.

    The archaeologists slowly dig down into each section using small toos such as trowels and grologists hammers to avoid missing or breaking important finds. Kitchen spoons and penknoves ar often using on excavation swhile many archaeologists use toothbrushes when cleaning important finds. Finds such as pottery, tools or weapons are called artefacts.

    At the end of a successful dig, thousands of objects may have been found. The task facing the archaeologists now will involve dating the sites and finds. The lower down an object is found, the longer ir has bee nthere and the older it is. The team of archaeologists sig down through each layer of earth, taking careful note of the depth at which each oject is found. This work is called stratigraphy. All living creatures and plants contain a substance called carbon-14. When they die this carbon 14 begins to decay at a steady rate. By measuring how rapidly carbon-14 is decaying , in a bone for example, scientists ca tell acurately how old it is. This process is called carbon-14 dating. We know the age of a tree by counting the rings inside it's trunk. The dating of wooden objects is called dendrochronology.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    Ecology is the stdy of the relationships between plants, animals and their environments.
    A habitat is where a plant or animal lives.
    A population refers to all the members of a particular type of plant or animal living in a habitat.
    A community refers to all the plants and animals in a habitat.
    Producers are plants that make their own food.
    Consumers are animals that get their food by eating plants or other animals.
    Herbivores are animals that eat plants only.
    Omnivores are animals that eat other animals only.
    Decomposers are living things that feed on dead plants and animals.
    A food chain is a list of living things in which each one is eaten by the next in the food chain.
    Adaptations are structures or habits that living things have which enable them to survive in their habitats.
    Competition occurs when two or more organisms require something that is in short supply.
    A food web consists of two or more interconnected food chains.
    Interdependence means that living things depend on each other for survival.

    Studying a habitat involves:
    - Making a sketch map of the habitat
    - Measuring relevant environmental factors such as temperatures, light intensity or soil pH
    - Identifying plants and animals, often using a key
    - Collecting plants and animals using pooters, beating trays and pitfall traps
    - Estimating the numbers of plants using quadrats or line transects

    Human effects on the environment:
    - Coservation is the protection and wise management of our natural resources
    - Pollution is any unwanted change to our environment
    - Waste management is essential to prevent pollution and to conserve our environment.
    - Waste management involves the three R's : Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 10 StressedOverJC


    thanks dkz, really helpful notes.

    all i have on my computer is some religion definitions and some home-ec notes if anyone wants me to put them up :).

    p.s wanderingsoul,your science notes are really good if you have anything else on physics or chemistry it would be really appreciated, thanks. xxx


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 10 StressedOverJC


    Consumer studies
    Consumer~ anyone who buys goods or uses services
    Rights~truthful info,choice,value for money,safety,redress
    Responsibilities~know/use laws,keep reciepts and gaurantees, complain if necessary,read instructions.
    Identify,collect,consider,decide,action,evaluate
    Consumer info act 1998 protects the consumer against false or misleading claims about goods, services and prices
    Sale of goods and supply of services act 1990 means goods must be of merchantable quality,fit 4 purpose,as described.and conform to sample.
    Redress~refund,replace,repair.how serious,promtness,occurred
    Gaurantee~undertaking by the manufacturer that they will make good any faults that occur during the period of the gaurantee.
    Statutory~national consumer agency(enforces+info laws),office of the ombudsman(investigates unresolved complaints v.public)
    Voluntary~consumers asso. of Ireland(advises+lobbies),ASAI (promotes honest, truthful and decent advertising)
    Quality~high standard eg. Gauranteed irish,CE,NSAI
    Money management=dividing income budget=plan for spending
    Budget:housing 25%,food 25%,household expenses 15%, personal/travel/clothes 10%, entertainment/ education/savings/ emergencies 5%
    Credit~buy now pay later,loan,higher purchase,bank overdraft
    Advertising~introduce new products,increase sales,provide info
    Legal control of advertising~consumer info act 1978,EU misleading advertising directive,employment equality act 1998
    Voluntary conrol~advertising standards authority for Ireland
    Shoping outlets~supermarket,chain stores,discount stores
    Packaging~paper,plastic,metal,glass(strong,hygienic,recyclable)
    Unit price~price per unit e.g. gram/kilo
     
     
    Resource management
    Management~ skillfull treatment or handling of a task
    Resouce~something you use to achieve a goal. Personal(energy, skills),money,commodities(food,equipment),community resources (libarys,schools)
    Cleaning agents~water,detergent,abrasives,polish,bleaches,multi purpose cleaning agents.
    Order of work~tidy sweep,dust,vaccum,wash,polish.
    Good home~physical needs(food,warmth,shelter)emotional needs(love,security,protection)social needs(communicate feeling
    Design~plan or sketch for the production of something
    Charecteristics~atractivness, safety, durability, functionality
    Features~colour,texture(feel),line(creates optical illusion),shape (outline),pattern(repeated design,can be fussy/boring)
    Principles~balance(harmony between features),emphasis (drawing attention to a feature)porportion(objects relate to each other in size) rhythm(repeted use of features for harmony+unity)
    Accidents caused by~appliaces,chance,people,badly constructed
    Fire~extinguisher,never use water,ring brigade/raise alarm,evacuate,don’t re-enter,ring brigade.
    First aid~1st treatment a person gets before medical help arrives
    Antiseptic kills all germs,disinfectant kills harmful germs
    Amenity~useful or pleasant place to spend time eg park,library
    Live-brown, neutral-blue, earth-green and yellow
    Services to the home~gas, electricity, water
    Energy saving~switch off,turn down,recycle
    Technology~science applied in a practical way. Makes food preparation quicker,easier,cleaner etc.
    Ergonomics~study of the efficiency of people in the working environment. Involves: planning time, design and layout of equipment(work triangle), sequence of tasks.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 10 StressedOverJC


    RELIGIOUS DEFENITIONS
    RELIGION: belief in and worship of a god/gods
    MONOTHEISM: belief in one god
    POLYTHEISM: belief in many gods
    HENOTHEISM: belief in 1 god but does not deny other gods
    THEISM: yes there is a god
    ATHEISM: there is no god
    AGNOSTICISM: it is impossible to know if there is a god
    SECULARISM: a decline in active membership of a religion
    HUMANISM: belief in the power and reason of humans,not god
    MATERIALISTS: seek fulfilment through material objects
    ASCETIC: a person who lives a life of prayer and self denial
    COMMUNITY OF FAITH: a group of people who share the same beliefs and worship in the same way
    CREED: a set of beliefs in a religion e.g shahadah
    SACRED TEXT: holy book containing important stories and key teachings of a religion e.g Koran
    CODE: a set of guidelines for making moral decisions
    WORSHIP: an action that recognises the importance of god
    SENSE OF THE SACRED: awareness of the invisible and mysterious presence of god in your life
    PRAYER: conversation from the heart between god and humans
    RITUAL: a regular pattern to peoples worship e.g wudu
    SIGN: an image/word/gesture that only has its obvious meaning
    SYMBOL: an image, word or gesture that has another meaning
    VOCATION: a calling to serve god e.g nun/priest
    INTER-FAITH DIALOGUE: members of different world religions talking with and listening to one another
    PLURALISM: belief that people of different world religions should learn to live alongside each other in peace
    FUNDAMENTALISTS: accept the literal meaning of the bible
    PILGRIMAGE: journey to a sacred place
    CHRISTAINS: followers of jesus christ e.g catholics/orthodox
    SECTARIANISM: narrow-minded, hostile attitude to people with different religious views e.g catholicsV.prodestants
    ECUMENISM: the attempt to heal the rift between christains
    REVERENCE: deep respect for someone or something
    PROPHET: a holy man who received messages from god
    NIGHT OF POWER AND EXCELLENCE: when muhammed is said to have revelation from allah on mount hira
    HIJRA: the journey from mecca to medina taken by muhammed
    5 ARTICLES OF FAITH: belief in allah/angels/Qur’an/ muhammmed/a final day of judgement
    5 PILLAIRS OF FAITH: shahadah/creed, salat/prayer, zakat/charity, hajj/pilgrimage
    IMAM: spiritual leader of a mosque. He is selected because of his knowledge of the Koran and commitment to islam.
    MINBAR: raised platform where the imam gives a sermon
    MIHRAB: an alcove in the wall that points towards mecca
    MUEZZIN: calls muslims to prayer
    MINARET:the tower where the muezzin calls muslims to prayer
    WUDU: ritual washing of the hands + feet to prepare for prayer
    AQIQA: muslim naming ceremony
    CALIPH: successor to muhammed
    SHISM: split or divide between members of a religion
    SANHEDRIN: jewish court of law in ancient Palestine
    TAX COLLECTOR: a traitor jew who worked for the romans
    GOSPEL: good news. Principal source of info about jesus
    EVANGELIST: writers of the gospel i.e mathew,mark,luke,john
    SYNOPTIC: can be seen together/similar (mathew,mark,luke)
    Q DOCUMENT: collection of jesus sayings used 4 johns gospel
    DISCIPLE:following jesus and learning from his example
    METANOIA: complete change of heart
    APOSTLE: group of 12 close companions of jesus
    THE KINGDOM OF GOD: a place love in peoples heart where they realise they are all gods children.
    PARABLE:story with a hidden meaning e.g the good samaritian
    BEATITUDES: a set of qualities people must have in order to be in the kingdom of god e.g deep faith, pure heart, merciful
    MESSIAH: the anointed 1/chosen by god for an important task
    INCARNATION: jesus is fully human and fully god
    TRINITY: the belief that there are 3 persons in the 1 god
    HERESY: spreading false ideas about god
    ICON: decorated painting that shows an important religious idea
    MYSTERY: a question to which humans cannot find the answer
    REVALATION: the way god reaches out to people and reveals things about his nature which we would not otherwise know.
    MORALITY: a set of beliefs that offer guidance on right/wrong
    VALUE: what you consider to be good/important/worthwhile
    SOCIALISATION: the way people aquire their values
    MORAL VISION: a particular outlook on life
    CONSCIENCE: a persons ability to apply their values to a moral situation and do the right thing
    SHARI’A: a moral code which muslims, by law, must follow
    LEGALISM: harsh and excessive devotion to the law
    THEOCRACY: a state where religious laws are state laws


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    Just putting in another request for notes cos I really need them! :eek:

    - Eachtraí Samhradh
    - Na Blátha Craige
    - Le Linn Ar nÓige


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  • Registered Users Posts: 2,419 ✭✭✭WanderingSoul


    p.s wanderingsoul,your science notes are really good if you have anything else on physics or chemistry it would be really appreciated, thanks. xxx

    Thank you. :) I may have some more, I'll check in a moment. I would type out more anyway, but due to an injury I can only type with one hand so that's not really practical.

    EDIT: I've a bit more Physics I never got around to putting up. I'll post it up in a sec. :)


  • Registered Users Posts: 2,419 ✭✭✭WanderingSoul


    Pressure & The Atmosphere

    Pressure
    • Pressure is force per unit area.
    • Pressure = Force / area
    • Nm−2 or Pa

    Picture8-3.png?t=1275778602

    • To increase the pressure, reduce the are the force is applied to or increase the force.
    • Pressure in a liquid is dependent on density and depth.

    The Atmosphere
    • Atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of the atmosphere pushing down.
    • Normal atmospheric pressure is 1013 hectopascals (hPa).
    • A barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure.
    • Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude rises.
    • In space there is no atmospheric pressure.

    The Effect of Atmospheric Pressure on Weather.
    • High atmospheric pressure gives good, dry and settled weather.
    • Low atmospheric pressure gives bad, wet, windy and unsettled weather.

    Everyday Applications of Pressure
    • Flight: An aeroplane flies because of the difference of pressure above and below its wings.
    • Hydraulic Brakes: Liquids can transfer pressure easily from one place to another. The pressure transfered can then be used to lift a large force.



    Energy

    Energy
    • Energy is the ability to do work or move something.

    Forms of Energy
    • Kinetic energy: energy due to movement. Eg: Falling rocks.
    • Potential energy: energy due to its position. Eg: Stretched elastic bands.
    • Light energy: energy from the sun or a bulb can turn the vanes of a Crooke’s radiometer.
    • Sound energy: energy caused by vibrations.
    • Electrical energy: energy from moving charges made by a generator.
    • Chemical energy: energy stored in chemicals like oil or food.
    • Nuclear energy: energy that holds the nuclei of atoms together.

    The Principal of Conservation of Energy
    • States that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only change from one form to another.

    Energy Sources
    • Our primary source of energy is the sun (light & heat, wind & waves, hydroelectricity through evaporation)
    • There are two types of energy sources: renewable and non-renewable.
    • Renewable sources are sources replaced naturally.
    • Non-renewable sources of energy that cannot be replaced.

    Picture10-1.png?t=1275778604
    Picture11.png?t=1275778607

    Energy Converters
    • A light bulb: electrical energy ---> heat & light energy
    • A speaker: electrical energy ---> sound energy
    • A microphone: sound energy ---> electrical energy
    • A battery: chemical energy ---> electrical energy
    • A plant: solar energy ---> chemical energy
    • A car: chemical energy ---> kinetic, heat, light & sound energy


  • Moderators, Education Moderators Posts: 7,849 Mod ✭✭✭✭suitcasepink


    physicsteacher.ie is really good for notes iswell lads :)
    Or so mo chairde told me anyhow.. I have a revision book so Ive never actually checked..


  • Registered Users Posts: 2,419 ✭✭✭WanderingSoul


    I have a revision book too. :pac:


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    Any on Density & Flotation Alexis? For some reason I find that chapter difficult.


  • Registered Users Posts: 2,419 ✭✭✭WanderingSoul


    DKZ wrote: »
    Any on Density & Flotation Alexis? For some reason I find that chapter difficult.

    Yep, there's some (not that much) in this post (near the end).

    I can type up a bit more on D&F in more detail though tomorrow, if you want?


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  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    That'll do me! Thank you! :D


  • Registered Users Posts: 2,419 ✭✭✭WanderingSoul


    No problem Damien. :)


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 402 ✭✭Tommyrawr


    Rinne me stadeir ar an dan "Na blatha Craige" a scriomh Liam O Fleabhairtaigh,ta an teama/mhothúchán ______ sa dan seo.
    Sa Dan seo ta an file buarthe faoi na blathanna mar ta siad ag fasann ar aill in aice na farraige.Ceap an file go bhuil na Blathanna go deas ach Nior maith leis an ait mar ta se salach agus dorcha.
    Thug An file iomhanna den naduir chun pictuir réalaíoch den naduir a thuairt duinne
    Is soileir go bhuil eolas maith ag an file ag a timpeallacht mar deir se sa dan nach beidh an grian ag taitneamh go minic, ach nil na blathanna buartha faoi sin.

    Is iomai mhothúchán a nochtain go bhuil ______ an teama/mothucan sa dan mar ta an file buartha faoi na blathanna mar fasann siad ar aill in aice na farraige
    Ag an deireadh deir na blathanna go bhuil siad sona sasta ann mar is maith said an ceoil na farraige agus tá siad faoi draíocht na farraige. Ta se soleir go bhuil an teama/mhothúchán _________ ann

    this is me template for it if worry or sea comes up


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    Tommyrawr wrote: »
    Rinne me stadeir ar an dan "Na blatha Craige" a scriomh Liam O Fleabhairtaigh,ta an teama/mhothúchán ______ sa dan seo.
    Sa Dan seo ta an file buarthe faoi na blathanna mar ta siad ag fasann are aill in aice na farraige.Ceap an file go bhuil na Blathanna dead ach Nior maith leis an ait mar ta se salach agus dorcha.
    Thug An file iomhanna den naduir chun pictuir réalaíoch den naduir a thuairt duinne
    Is soileir go bhuil eolas maith ag an file ag a timpeallacht mar deir se sa dan nach beidh an grian ag taitneamh go minic, ach nil na blathanna buartha faoi sin.

    Is iomai mhothúchán a nochtain go bhuil ______ an teama/mothucan sa dan mar ta an file buartha faoi na blathanna mar fasann siad ar aill in aice na farraige
    Ag an deireadh deir na blathanna go bhuil siad sona sasta ann mar is maith said an ceoil na farraige agus tá siad faoi draíocht na farraige. Ta se soleir go bhuil an teama/mhothúchán _________ ann

    this is me template for it if worry or sea comes up

    Thanks Tommy! :D


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 402 ✭✭Tommyrawr


    Right hand corner put the 9h or whatever hour
    Mme. Anselmet, -Feminine older Person (use vous for older people)
    M. Jackque's, - Male older
    Michel,
    Aurelie, (use Te for same agegroup)

    Juste un petit mot pour vous/te dire que- Just a quick note to say

    Reasons
    J'ai appelé à votre maison
    , mais vous n'y étiez pas. - I called to your house but you were not there
    vous/Te dormiez- You were asleep
    vous étiez au travail- You were at work
    vous/te visite votre/Ton famille - you were visiting your family/relatives

    je Sortir a (time)h - i have left at ___

    je vais a la (grand) ville pour im going to the city for
    /mon cheveux a coupé a la chez la coiffeur/ my hair cut at the barbers/ hairdressers
    nage dans ce piscine publique/ to go swimming in the public pool
    d'aller au cinéma pour voir Sex and the city 2 - to go the cinema to see ''sex and the city 2''

    (je vais) a la plage im going to the beach
    /a la discotheque/ to the disco
    a la boite de nuit/ to the nightclub
    au parc/ to the park
    au centre commercial to the shopping center

    Pour le Matin- for the morning
    /Le soir/for the evening
    le midi/ for midday
    la nuit/ for the night

    Je Serai de retour - i Will return
    Pour - For
    avant-Before
    apres- After
    15/3 heures - 3 o clock
    la Diner the dinner
    le déjeuner - the lunch
    La petit déjeuner - the breckfast

    á tout á l'heure, - See you later

    (your Name)


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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 402 ✭✭Tommyrawr


    Tommyrawr wrote: »
    Rinne me stadeir ar an dan "Na blatha Craige" a scriomh Liam O Fleabhairtaigh,ta an teama/mhothúchán ______ sa dan seo.
    Sa Dan seo ta an file buarthe faoi na blathanna mar ta siad ag fasann ar aill in aice na farraige.Ceap an file go bhuil na Blathanna go deas ach Nior maith leis an ait mar ta se salach agus dorcha.
    Thug An file iomhanna den naduir chun pictuir réalaíoch den naduir a thuairt duinne
    Is soileir go bhuil eolas maith ag an file ag a timpeallacht mar deir se sa dan nach beidh an grian ag taitneamh go minic, ach nil na blathanna buartha faoi sin.

    Is iomai mhothúchán a nochtain go bhuil ______ an teama/mothucan sa dan mar ta an file buartha faoi na blathanna mar fasann siad ar aill in aice na farraige
    Ag an deireadh deir na blathanna go bhuil siad sona sasta ann mar is maith said an ceoil na farraige agus tá siad faoi draíocht na farraige. Ta se soleir go bhuil an teama/mhothúchán _________ ann

    this is me template for it if worry or sea comes up

    Edited xD sorry


  • Registered Users Posts: 1,171 ✭✭✭kevin12345


    Hey does anyone have any notes on a cluiche or turas campala?? Thanks :D


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 140 ✭✭whistlin_boy


    Tús an Scéal:
    • Is cuimhín liom go maith é. Chun na fí¬rinne a rá ní dhéanfaidh mé dearmad air go tapaidh.
    • Tús an tsamhraidh a bhí ann agus bhí scrúduithe na scoile díreach críochnaithe againn.
    • Bhí sé thart ar an scoile deireanach.
    • Bhí an ghrian ag taitneamh agus bhí sé ag scoilteadh na gcloch. Bhí sé te agus bhí sé ag éirí níos teo. Ní raibh oiread is puth gaoithe ann. Bhí mé marbh leis an teas ach is aoibhinn an aimsir fós.
    • Ar dhúisceart dom bhraith mé go háinnis agus mar sin d’fhan mé sa leaba ar feadh leathuair eile. Bhriath mé níós fear nuair a eirigh mé thart ar a seacht.
    • Tar éis mé féin a ní agus a ghleasadh bhain mé an chístín amach. Ma ba ghnách dom bhí ocras an domhain orm. Bhí friochadh ollmhór réidh dom – íspíní, slísíní, ubh, putóg bhán agus dubh, trataí, tósta agus tae. Mise á rá leat go ndeárna sé an jab, gan dabht. Mo mham, bheinn caillte gan í.
    • Le bolg lán, d’ fhág mé an teach ar a __________.
    • Chuamar go stad an mbus agus fuaireamar an bus go ______________.
    • Dá mbeadh a fhios agam cad a bhí chun ar tí tarlú nuair a dhuisigh mé an lá sin, mise á rá leat, go bhfanfainn me sa leaba/sa Éirinn.

    Corp an Scéil:

    -Ní chreidfeá cad a tharla
    -Dá mbeadh a fhios agam cad a bhí ar tí tarlú, mise á rá leat go bhfanfainn sa leaba/ go léimfinn as an leaba níos luaithe.
    -Cuireadh é ar shíntean agus tógadh é go dtí an t-óspideal

    Críoch an Scéil:
    • Bhí mé ar scamaill a naoi. Léim mo chroí le háthas. Is ar éigean a bhí mé in ann caint. Ní raibh mé ábalta mo chluasa a chreidiúnt. Bhí mé sna tríthí gáíre.
    • Bhí mé in isle brí. Bhí mé ar tí caoineadh. Bhraith mé na deora ag teacht. Bhímé go dubhach brónach tar éis an nuacht seo a chloistéail.
    • Mise á rá leat gur/nár chodail mé go sámh an oiche sin. Tá cuimhne/eachtraí an lae sin chomh sóiléir i m’intinn go dtógfann an leabhar gur tharla sé inné. Dá mairfinn go dtí an céad ní dhéanfaidh mé dearmad ar an lá sin go deo.
    :D:D:D:D:D:D


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 1,207 ✭✭✭Ally7


    Thought it was about time that I contributed to this thread! I saw in another that poetic techniques in english is likely to come up, so I covered them for The Road Not Taken.


    The Road Not Taken - Robert Frost

    Poetic Techniques

    Metaphors - The paths in the woods is a metaphor for choices in life

    Imagery - "two roads diverged in a yellow wood"

    Alliteration - "wanted wear", this adds to the melodious effect of the poem

    Assonance - "grassy, passing, as, having", also adds to the melodious effect of the poem

    Symbolism - the yellow leaves of autumn in the forest symbolises the poet is in the middle age bracket


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 402 ✭✭Tommyrawr


    hehe thanks ally =] im studying that one atm


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 777 ✭✭✭Mayoegian


    Tommyrawr wrote: »
    Rinne me staidéar ar an dán "Na blátha Craige" le Liam O Fleabhairtaigh. Is é
    téama den dán seo
    Sa Dán seo, tá an file buartha faoi na mbláthanna mar bíonn siad ag fás ar aill cois farraige. Ceapann an file go bhfuil na Bláthanna go deas ach ní maith leis an áit mar tá sé salach agus dorcha.
    Tugann an file íomhánna den nádúir chun pictiúr réadúlach a thabhairt dúinne.
    Is soiléir go bhfuil grá as cuimse ag an file ar an timpeallacht mar deir sé nach mbeidh an ghrian ag taitneamh go minic, ach níl na bláthanna buartha faoi sin.

    Is iomaí mothúchán a nochtann go bhfuil ______ an téama/mothúcún sa dán mar tá an file buartha faoi na mbláthanna mar fasann siad ar aill in aice na farraige.
    Ag an deireadh, deir na bláthanna go bhuil siad sona sásta ann mar is maith leo ceol na farraige agus tá siad faoi dhraíocht na farraige. Tá sé soléir go bhfuil an téama/mothúchán _________ ann

    this is me template for it if worry or sea comes up

    I had to correct quite a number of things there. It is vital that you get your tenses right, and the endings correct. You alternated between past and present in that piece, and a lot of the verbs were wrongly conjugated. Also, there were quite a few spelling mistakes. It's not 'bhuil' it's 'bhfuil'. You said 'is maith siad', it's 'is maith leo'. Something you'll be learning in 5th year is the Tuiseal Ginideach, so it's understandable that you said 'an ceoil na farraige', but it's 'ceol na farraige' as the 'the' is included in the 'na'.

    The most important thing for all of you to remember is to make absolutely sure that you are using the correct tense and you have the correct form:) If anybody wants me to correct their notes I'd be more than happy to oblige:)


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 73 ✭✭Kyromancer


    Kyromancer wrote: »
    Leite Dhonncha Pheig - An Seabhac.

    Bhí Donncha pósta le Neil. Bhí cúigear sa chlann - Donncha, Neil, Máirín, Peats, agus Neil Óg. Bhí Neil slachmhar, néata. Rinne sí obair an tí go néata. Ach mo bhrón, bhí sí dearmadach. Gach tráthnóna, rinne sí dearmad salann a chuir sa leite.

    Bhí clampar sa teach gach tráthnóna, mar chaith Donncha an leite amach. Bhíodh eagla ar Neil bhocht.

    Mar réiteach ar an scéal, d'éirigh siad as an leite. Tráthnóna amhain, bheartaigh Neil an leite a dhéanamh arís agus smaoinigh sí ar an salann. Bhí sí lán sásta. Chuaigh sí amach go dtí cró na mbó.

    Tháinig Donncha isteach. Chonaic sé an leite is chuir sé mám salann ann. Amach leis. Ansin tháining Máirín isteach, agus rinne sí amhlaidh. Tháinig Geanc isteach ansin is chuir sé mám salann sa leite. Ar deireadh, tháining Neil Óg isteach is rinne sí an rud ceanna.

    Ansin tháinig an clann go léir isteach. Bhí Neil lán sásta. Chuir Donncha spúnóg leite ina bhéal is ansin lig sé béic uafásach as mar bhí an iomarcha salann sa leite.

    Bhí Neil bocht croí briste. Anois ólann siad tae gach tráthnóna.


    So, how's that? My Irish isn't great, so there could be spelling mistakes and the like.

    I also just found out how hard and tedious it is to type in Irish. I was going to post up a few more answers, but I'll just do one short poem for now.


    Mayoegian wrote: »
    :) If anybody wants me to correct their notes I'd be more than happy to oblige:)

    I'd appreciate if you could offer feedback on the quoted sample answer above. Thanks!


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 777 ✭✭✭Mayoegian


    Kyromancer wrote: »
    Leite Dhonncha Pheig - An Seabhac.

    Bhí Donncha pósta le Neil. Bhí cúigear sa chlann - Donncha, Neil, Máirín, Peats, agus Neil Óg. Bhí Neil slachmhar, néata. Rinne sí obair an tí go néata. Ach mo bhrón, bhí sí dearmadach. Gach tráthnóna, rinne sí dearmad ar an salann sa leite.

    Bhí clampar sa teach gach tráthnóna, mar chaith Donncha an leite amach. Bhí eagla ar Neil bhocht.

    Mar réiteach ar an scéal, d'éirigh siad as an leite. Tráthnóna amháin, bheartaigh Neil ar an leite a dhéanamh arís agus smaoinigh sí ar an salann. Bhí sí lán sásta. Chuaigh sí amach go dtí cró na mbó.

    Tháinig Donncha isteach. Chonaic sé an leite is chuir sé mám salann ann. Amach leis. Ansin tháining Máirín isteach, agus rinne sí amhlaidh. Tháinig Geanc isteach ansin is chuir sé mám salann sa leite. Ag an deireadh, tháining Neil Óg isteach is rinne sí an rud céanna.

    Ansin tháinig an clann go léir isteach. Bhí Neil lán sásta. Chuir Donncha spúnóg leite ina bhéal is ansin lig sé béic uafásach as mar bhí an iomarca salann sa leite.

    Bhí Neil bocht croíbhriste. Anois ólann siad tae gach tráthnóna.


    So, how's that? My Irish isn't great, so there could be spelling mistakes and the like.

    I also just found out how hard and tedious it is to type in Irish. I was going to post up a few more answers, but I'll just do one short poem for now.

    The words in bold print I had to correct. Very few mistakes-so maith thú!:)

    Your first botún was you didn't put the 'ar' after dearmad. You have to say 'Rinne mé/sé etc. dearmad AR something!

    Your second botún wasn't really a mistake as such, but you swapped tenses. You said 'bhíodh'. While that's grand to use that, it's a different tense to what you have been using, so to be on the safe side, I'd stick with 'bhí'.

    Your third botún was 'bheartaigh'. Beartaigh takes 'ar' after it, so I've fixed that for you. If you want you could use Shocraigh instead as they both mean decided.

    Your fourth botún was 'Ar Deireadh'. It's much better to say 'Ag an Deireadh' or 'Sa Deireadh'.

    You then just forgot the fáda on 'Céanna'.

    Your final botún: You said 'croí briste' it's 'croíbhriste'.

    Otherwise, your Irish isn't bad ar chor ar bith! You had very few errors:) If you have a few more for me to correct I'll do that too! I had said on here that I'd put up a list of Irish phrases, but with all my study I found that impossible! So sorry guys! I'll make it up to ye though by correcting some of your essays or if ye have maths problems I'll do that for ye too:D


  • Registered Users Posts: 20 conlor27


    anyone have any notes on the poem "the listeners" by walter de la mere by any chance??
    thanks


  • Registered Users Posts: 12 mag_red286


    dese notes havae just saved my life....dere da only reason dat i mite pass da junior cert!!! tank you so much!! any one lookin 4 notes should check out skoool.ie nd da revise wise books r rly gud!!!


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  • Registered Users Posts: 31 Zoticon


    for science all u need is
    'essentials unfolded junior cert science' by paul cooke published by the celtic press
    my teacher says not to use da book just use that


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,840 ✭✭✭Luno


    Zoticon wrote: »
    for science all u need is
    'essentials unfolded junior cert science' by paul cooke published by the celtic press
    my teacher says not to use da book just use that

    Tis a bit late to be buying books now tbh...


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 140 ✭✭whistlin_boy


    Ally7 wrote: »
    Thought it was about time that I contributed to this thread! I saw in another that poetic techniques in english is likely to come up, so I covered them for The Road Not Taken.


    The Road Not Taken - Robert Frost

    Poetic Techniques

    Metaphors - The paths in the woods is a metaphor for choices in life

    Imagery - "two roads diverged in a yellow wood"

    Alliteration - "wanted wear", this adds to the melodious effect of the poem

    Assonance - "grassy, passing, as, having", also adds to the melodious effect of the poem

    Symbolism - the yellow leaves of autumn in the forest symbolises the poet is in the middle age bracket

    You forget allegory a form of extended metaphor, for which the poet uses one story to symbolize another;)


  • Registered Users Posts: 223 ✭✭leemurta


    any chance of some notes on Goodnight mr tom for english for the themes?


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 18 Foirfe


    Sample for Bean Paidin, An Gnathrud or Caimileiri plz


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,840 ✭✭✭Luno


    Foirfe wrote: »
    Sample for Bean Paidin, An Gnathrud or Caimileiri plz

    Small bit late...


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    Okay, this is tipped to come up tomorrow.

    Factors Hindering Economic Development:

    Case Study - Sudan.

    Sudan is an extremely poor country which scores a high 89/100 on the human suffering index. It is Africa's largest country with a population of 31 million. Its population density is very low at 12 people per km squared.

    Factor 1 - Climate:

    The north of Sudan is a mix between desert and semi-arid land around the River Nile. Away from the Nile the population is sparse and the people are nomadic. The south is sparsely populated, it is part of the Sahel desert and suffers from drought.

    Factor 2 - Rapid Population Growth:

    Sudan is in stage 2 of the demographic transition and therefore has a very high birth rate. The economy is based of agriculture. Children are seen as an asset to help work on the farm, as technology such as tractors is unavailable.

    Factor 3 - Economy:

    Sudan exports mainly unprocessed raw materials, e.g. raw cotton. Over-reliance on cotton as a cash crop has prevented growth in the economy, as the price of raw cotton has dropped significantly in recent years.

    Factor 4 - Arms, Expenditure & War:

    Sudan has two ethnic groups: Arabs in the north are in the majority while Blacks in the south are in the majority. The Arab controlled Sudanese government imposed a strict Islamic regime in 1983 which led to a civil war. The disruption of farming, food supplies, education and health services took a major toll on the south. Over one million people died in the civil war and millions became war refugees. In 1993 Sudan spent nine times more on the military than on health services.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 647 ✭✭✭Namabillion


    Zoticon wrote: »
    for science all u need is
    'essentials unfolded junior cert science' by paul cooke published by the celtic press
    my teacher says not to use da book just use that

    I have that too it is really helpful


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    Glacial Erosion & Deposition:

    Cirques/Corries: A cirque is an armchair-shaped depression on the side of a mountain. It is the birthplace of the ice. It is formed by freeze-thaw action. Snow accumulated in a hollow on the mountainside and over time was transformed into ice. When temperatures rose during the day melt-water entered the cracks of the hollow and froze at night. This freeze-thaw action widened and deepened the hollow. The glacier moved downhill due to gravity. Cirques which contain lakes are called tarns. An example or a cirque is Lough Bray, Co. Wicklow.

    Drumlins: Drumlins are small rounded hills, up to 60m in height. They were formed when boulder clay, found in moraines, was compressed into small hills. In appearance they resemble half an egg and when they appear in groups they form a basked of eggs topography. Sometimes they may have been drowned by the rising sea level and the ice had melted forming drowned drumlins. An example of a drumlin is in the Sligo-Monaghan drumlin area.


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  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    Industry: (Tipped to come up)

    Factors Affecting Industrial Location:

    Before companies decide to locate a new factory or business they must first consider the following important factors.

    1. Resource Materials - Resource materials are important inputs into the factory and factories try to locate either: as close to the resource material as possible or where they can access they resource material easily, i.e. near a port if the resource material is bulky.

    2. Labour - Factories locate where they can get a large educated workforce such as in cities and towns.

    3. Transport - Factories locate near major roads, rail, port and air terminals to transport their outputs as quickly and cost efficiently as possible.

    4. Markets - The marked is the place where the product/output of the factory is sold. Factories locate as close as possible to their markets or locate where they good access to their markets.

    5. Services - All companies require telecommunication, electricity and water services, all of which are provided for in Ireland espeically in designated industrial estates.

    6. Capital - Companies need money to invest in building factories and setting up businesses to be able to develop and expand their industry.

    7. Government/EU Policy - Irish governments policy is to provide grants to promote industrial development through the IDA. The government lowered the rate of corporate tax to 12.5% to entice foreign companies to Ireland. This is known as Direct Foreign Investment.

    Light Industry:

    Case Study - Intel

    A light industry usually processes small or lightweight raw materials into finished products, e.g. the manufacture of computer parts.

    Intel are an American multinational corporation (MNC) which make computer components such as micro-processors. They employ 3,200 workers directly and over 1,000 workers indirectly through spin-off industries. They are located just off the M4 motorway at Leixlip on the Dublin/Kildare county boundary.

    Factors affecting Intel's location:

    1. Transport - The factory is accessible via the M4 and M50 to Dublin airport and the roll-on, roll-off ferry at Dublin port. The port tunnel speeds up the delivery of Intel's outputs.

    2. Markets - 25% of Intel's world sales are in Europe and they chose this site because they could use Ireland as a spring-board to access the European market.

    3. Labour - Dublin has a well-educated workforce which meets Intel's demands.

    4. Services - 9 million litres of water a day from the River Liffey are used by Intel.

    5. Government policy - The IDA provided grants to Intel to locate their factory here and the government lowered corporate tax to 12.5%


    Heavy Industry:

    Case Study - Aughinish Alumina:

    A heavy industry usually processes heavy and bulky raw materials into finished products, e.g. the use of iron ore to make steel.

    Aughinish Alumina is located on Aughinish Island 28km from Limerick City on the Shannon Estuary. The factory refines 1.5 million tonnes of bauxite into alumina annually. Aughinish Alumina employs 700 workers directly with many other spin-off industries.

    Factors affecting Aughinish Alumina's location:

    1. Transport - The factory is located on a deep-water marine terminal on the River Shannon near the town of Foynes.

    2. Resource material - The heavy and bulky bauxite (input) is imported from the Republic of Guinea (on the west coast of Africa)

    3. Markets - The output alumina is exported by ship to Scandinavia and the UK to be processed further into aluminium.

    4. Labour - The factory is located within commuting distance of Limerick city which provides workers.

    5. Services - Water is provided by the local River Deel

    6. Governemt Policy - The Irish government provides grants and incentives for industrial development.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    Soil:

    The Components Of Soil:

    1. Mineral Matter - Soil is made up of rock which has been subjected to weathering and erosion over a long period of time. These rocks are broken down into tiny particles. These tiny particles form the basic component of soil.

    2. Humus - Humus is made up of dead organic matter, i.e. dead animals and plants. Humus makes the soil fertile. Fertile soils are black and dark brown in colour.

    3. Micro-organisms - Organisms such as bacteria or fungi break down the dead organic matter to form humus.

    4. Air - Air provides the oxygen vital for plant life and the survival of micro-organisms which help to produce humus.

    5. Water - Rainwater help to dissolve minerals which are needed to feed plants. The rainwater also helps to distribute the minerals throughout the soil.

    The Soils Of Ireland: Podzols, Brown earth soils, peat soils and gleys.

    Podzols:
    - Infertile soils due to a lack of humus
    - Not suitable for farming
    - Grey in colour due to leaching
    - Support coniferous forest
    - Also used for rough grazing
    - Found in upland areas

    Brown Earth Soils:
    - Very fertile due to high humus content
    - Ideal for agriculture
    - Brown in colour because there is no leaching
    - Support decidous forests which provide plant litter
    - Found in the East, Midlands and South


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,014 ✭✭✭Colm!


    Serious respect for you DKZ


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 329 ✭✭mista_2k10


    Do you think that stuff will come up?


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    Rivers: (I really think this is coming up)

    The Life-Cycle of a River:

    1. The Youthful Stage:

    The river begins its life cycle in the mountains. It's aim is to reach the lake or the sea as quickly as possible so it makes its way downwards by means of vertical erosion. Both its volume and load are small. Vertical erosion loosens material along the bed of the river.

    Features:
    - V Shaped Valleys
    - Interlocking Spurs
    - Potholes
    - Waterfalls

    2. The Mature Stage:

    In the mature stage the river's volume and speed have increased. The river undergoes lateral erosion. The banks of the river are widened. The eroded material is transported to the old-age stage.

    Features:
    - Meanders
    - Ox Bow Lakes

    3. The Old-Age Stage:

    The river is now entering the end of its life-cycle. All of the eroded and transported material from the youthful and mature stage is now deposited along the bed and banks of the river.

    Features:
    - Levees
    - Deltas

    Erosion:

    Meanders & Ox Bow Lakes - In the mature stage of the river, both the river's volume and load have increased. The volume of the river has increased because tributaries have joined the main river. The river flowing over more gentle ground. Vertical erosion has stopped and the river erodes by lateral erosion. Lateral erosion leads to the formation of meanders and ox bow lakes.

    Meanders are formed by erosion on the outer bank and deposition on the inner bank. Meanders appear as bends along a river's course.

    During periods of flooding the river will cut across the narrow neck or the dividing land resulting in the meander being cut off forming an ox-bow lake. Eventually the ox bow lake will dry up forming a mort lake.

    Deposition:

    Levees - In the old-age stage the river concentrates on deposition. It is now flowing over very flat land. The river deposits material on its bed causing the level of water to rise. Sometimes this may cause the river to overflow depositing material on its banks. These banks are levees and are often reinforced to prevent the river over-flowing and damaging low-lying land.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,840 ✭✭✭Luno


    Damien that's all really good! Thanks!


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  • Closed Accounts Posts: 2,347 ✭✭✭Closed ac


    mista_2k10 wrote: »
    Do you think that stuff will come up?

    Yes!


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 402 ✭✭Tommyrawr


    I <3 You :D
    Here we come on the A train! Choo Choo


  • Registered Users Posts: 373 ✭✭Gentlemanne


    Can someone put up some OS map/aerial photo notes?

    Especially Bridging point, Nodal point, Market centre and other reasons for development


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 3,849 ✭✭✭bluejay14


    Reasons why it began in Britain
    • Improved agriculture led to an increase in population. A larger population meant that there was a greater demand for goods and more people to produe the goods.
    • Britain had the raw materials of iron ore and coal
    • British colonies provided sources of cotton
    • Transport etc had been steadily improving
    Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
    • James Hargreavers - spinning Jenny could spin 8 threads at a time
    • Richard Arkwright - water frame could spin hundreds of threads
    • John Kay - flying shuttle = faster weaving
    • Edmund Cartwright - power loom = even faster weaving
    • Abraham Darby - converting coal into coke (used for power)
    • Henry Cort - "puddling and rolling" method of making wrought iron
    • Henry Bessemer - Bessemer method of steel making = cheaper steel
    • Thomas Newcome - steam engin pumped water out of mines
    • James Watt - rotary steam engine.
    Results of Industrial Revolution
    • Cost of good decreased as they became more readily available
    • Britain became rich through foreign trade
    • Cotton replaced wool as the main material for making clothes and they became more widely available yet most still only owned few clothes as they were expensive


  • Registered Users Posts: 522 ✭✭✭Glee_GG


    can someone put up a note for michael collins for irish history? ive heard a couple of people mentioning it:/


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