Student Protests Kick Off Across UK

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Students are staging fresh protests against a proposed hike in tuition fees in city centres across the UK.

Protesters gathered near the Houses of Parliament in central London, as activists also took to the streets of Birmingham and Leeds.

Police were present in huge numbers, mindful of the damage caused during demonstrations over the past fortnight.

scuffles broke out in Birmingham as a number of protesters gained entry to the council house.

In central London, the protest initially got underway with a rally in Trafalgar Square.

However, a planned march to Parliament did not take place, with students instead dispersing throughout Westminster and blocking traffic on busy roads.

They eventually then gathered again in Trafalgar Square, as police blocked the entrance to Whitehall and the Mall.

Demonstrations are also expected in Brighton, Sheffield, Glasgow and Edinburgh.

Fifteen police officers were treated for minor injuries following a small protest against student fees and council cuts at Lewisham Town Hall, southeast London, last night.

Around 100 demonstrators forced their way into the building and into the Civic Suite, where a council meeting was taking place.
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Also:

A student is a learner, or someone who attends an educational institution. In some nations, the English term (or its cognate in another language) is reserved for those who attend university, while a schoolchild under the age of eighteen is called a pupil in English (or an equivalent in other languages). In its widest use, student is used for anyone who is learning.
Contents

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students#"]hide[/URL

• 1 International variations
  • 1.1 Australia
  • 1.2 Canada
  • 1.3 Europe
    • 1.3.1 Belgium
    • 1.3.2 France
    • 1.3.3 Germany
    • 1.3.4 Ireland
    • 1.3.5 United Kingdom
  • 1.4 North America
    • 1.4.1 United States
      • 1.4.1.1 Before first year
      • 1.4.1.2 First year
      • 1.4.1.3 Second year
      • 1.4.1.4 Post-second year
    • 1.4.2 Jamaica
• 2 Mature students
• 3 Student pranks
• 4 Other terms
• 5 Idiomatic use
• 6 See also
• 7 References

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=1"]edit[/URL International variations


Pupils in rural Sudan, 2002



Over one thousand pupils in uniform during an assembly at a secondary school in Singapore


URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=2"]edit[/URL Australia

In Australia, after kindergarten or preschool, children begin primary school, starting with 'grade prep' (in New South Wales the first year is called 'kindergarten', and in South Australia the first year is called 'reception') and continuing 'year one', 'year two' through to 'year six', except in Western Australia, South Australia and Queensland, where they go through to 'year seven'. They then move on to secondary school (also known as high school) for 'year seven' ('year eight' in Western Australia, South Australia and Queensland) through to 'year twelve'. After year twelve, students may pursue tertiary education at university or TAFE (technical and further education). Children in primary and secondary school are all referred to as students. The term student is used for all learners including those in primary school, secondary school, and university/TAFE.
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=3"]edit[/URL Canada

In Canada, special terms are occasionally used. In English provinces, the high school (known as academy or secondary school) years can be referred to simply as first, second, third, and fourth year. Some areas call it by grade such as grade 10, grade 11, and grade 12. , Grades 9 through 12 are considered high school, with grades 1 through 6 called "elementary school" and grades 6 through 8 called "middle school" or "junior high school" in some provinces. In university, students are classified as first-, second-, third-, or fourth-year students. In some occasions, they can be called "senior ones", "twos", "threes", and "fours". The first week of university for first year students is commonly known as Orientation week.
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=4"]edit[/URL Europe

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=5"]edit[/URL Belgium

In Belgian universities, first-year students are called schacht in Dutch.
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=6"]edit[/URL France

In French, a bleu or "bizuth" is a first-year student. Second-year students are often called "carré" (square). Some other terms may apply in specific schools, some depending on the classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles attended.
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=7"]edit[/URL Germany

In Germany, the German cognate term "Student" is reserved for those attending a university. Colloquially, this is often shortened to "Studi". University freshmen are colloquially called Erstis ("firsties"). Different terms for school students exist, depending on which kind of school is attended by the student. Students attending a university preparatory school are called Gymnasiasten, while those attending other schools are called Hauptschüler or Realschüler. Students who graduate with the Abitur are called Abiturient. Those attending a university preparatory school may also be referred to with different terms depending on the grade level (see below).
Grade German name of student in corresponding grade of "university-preparatory school" (Gymnasium) Fifth Sextaner Sixth Quintaner Seventh Quartaner Eighth Untertertianer Ninth Obertertianer Tenth Untersekundaner Eleventh Obersekundaner Twelfth Unterprimaner Thirteenth Oberprimaner URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=8"]edit[/URL Ireland

In Ireland, pupils officially start with national school which consists of three years: junior infants, senior infants and first class (ages 5-7). They then advance to primary school, which consists of second class to sixth class (ages 8-12). After primary school, pupils proceed to the secondary school level. Here they first enter the junior cycle, which consists of first year to third year (ages 13-15). At the end of third year, all students must sit a compulsory state examination called the Junior Certificate. After third year, pupils have the option of taking a "transition year" or fourth year (usually at age 16). In transition year pupils take a break from regular studies to pursue other activities that help to promote their personal, social, vocational and educational development, and to prepares them for their role as autonomous, participative and responsible members of society. It also provides a bridge to enable pupils to make the transition from the more dependent type of learning associated with the Junior Cert. to the more independent learning environment associated with the senior cycle.
After the junior cycle pupils advance to the senior cycle, which consists of fifth year and sixth year (usually ages between 16 to 19). At the end of the sixth year a final state examination is required to be sat by all pupils, known as the Leaving Certificate. The Leaving Cert. is the basis for all Irish pupils who wish to do so to advance to higher education via a points system. A maximum of 600 points can be achieved. All higher education courses have a minimum of points needed for admission.
At university the term "fresher" is used to describe new students who are just beginning their first year.
At Trinity College Dublin under-graduate students are formally called "junior freshmen", "senior freshmen", "junior sophister" or "senior sophister", according to the year they have reached in the typical four year degree course. Sophister is another term for a sophomore, though the term is rarely used in other institutions and is largely limited to Trinity College Dublin. The term, "first year" is the more commonly used and connotation free term for students in their first year. The week at the start of a new year is called "Freshers' Week" or "Welcome Week", with a programme of special events to welcome new students. An undergraduate in the last year of study before graduation is generally known as a "finalist."
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=9"]edit[/URL United Kingdom

In the past, the term "student" was reserved for people studying at university level in the United Kingdom. Children studying at school were called "pupils" or "schoolchildren" (or "schoolboys" or "schoolgirls"). However, the American English use of the word "student" to include pupils of all ages, even at elementary level, is now spreading to other countries, and is found in the UK (particularly in the state sector), as well as Australia and Singapore. In South Africa, the term "learner" is also used.
In England and Wales, teenagers who attend a college or secondary school for further education are typically called "sixth formers". If pupils follow the average pattern of school attendance, pupils will be in the "lower sixth" between the ages of 16 and 17, and the "upper sixth" between 17 and 18, however many schools still refer to them as "year 12" and "year 13" or "AS" and "A2". They "go up" to university after the upper sixth.
In Scotland, pupils sit Highers at the end of fifth year (when aged 16–17) after which it is possible for them to gain entry to university. However, many do not achieve the required grades and remain at school for sixth year. Even among those that do achieve the necessary grades it is common to remain at school and undertake further study (i.e. other subjects or Advanced Highers) and then start university at the same time as their friends and peers.
At universities in the UK, the term "fresher" is used informally to describe new students who are just beginning their first year. Although it is not unusual to call someone a fresher after their first few weeks at university, they are typically referred to as "first years" or "first year students". There is little derogatory connotation to this name in the UK, except for an occasional reference to "freshers" in a tone that implies naivety. More commonly, it will be used in a kindly fashion. For instance, a university official might ask a student if they are a fresher without any hint of a put down.
The ancient Scottish University of St Andrews uses the terms "bejant" for a first year (from the French "bec-jaune" – "yellow beak", "fledgling"). Second years are called "semi-bejants", third years are known as "tertians", and fourth years, or others in their final year of study, are called "magistrands".
In England and Wales, primary school begins with an optional "nursery" year followed by reception (similar to kindergarten) and then move on to "year one, year two" and so on until "year six". In state schools, children join secondary school when they are 11–12 years old in what used to be called "first form" and is now known as "year 7". They go up to year 11 (formerly "fifth form") and then join the sixth form, either at the same school or at a separate sixth form college. A student entering a private, fee-paying school (usually at age 13) would join the "third form" — equivalent to year 9. Many schools have an alternate name for first years, some with a derogatory basis, but in others acting merely as a description — for example "shells" (non-derogatory) or "grubs" (derogatory).
In Northern Ireland and Scotland, it is very similar but with some differences. Pupils start off in nursery or reception aged 3 to 4, and then start primary school in "P1" (P standing for primary) or year 1. They then continue primary school until "P7" or year 7. After that they start secondary school at 11 years old, this is called "1st year" or year 8 in Northern Ireland, or "S1" in Scotland. They continue secondary school until the age of 16 at "5th year", year 12 or "S5", and then it is the choice of the individual pupil to decide to continue in school and (in Northern Ireland) do AS levels (known as "lower sixth") and then the next year to do A levels (known as "upper sixth"). In Scotland, students aged 16-18 take Highers, followed by Advanced Highers. Alternatively, pupils can leave and go into full time employment or to start in a technical collage.
Large increases in the size of student populations in the UK and the effect this has had on some university towns or on areas of cities located near universities have become a concern in the UK since 2000. A report by Universities UK, "Studentification: A Guide to Opportunities, Challenges and Practice" (2006) has explored the subject and made various recommendations.[1] A particular problem in many locations is seen as the impact of students on the availability, quality and price of rented and owner-occupied property.
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=10"]edit[/URL North America

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=11"]edit[/URL United States


Students inside a classroom at a college.


In the United States, the first official year of schooling is called kindergarten, hence the students are kindergarteners. Kindergarten is optional in most states, but few students skip this level. Pre-kindergarten, also known as "preschool" is becoming a standard of education as academic expectations for the youngest students continues to rise. Many public schools offer pre-kindergarten programs.
There are 12 years of mandatory schooling. The first eight are solely referred to by numbers (e.g. 1st grade, 5th grade) so students may be referred to as 1st graders, 5th graders, etc. Grades 9 through 12 (high school) have alternate names for students, namely freshman, sophomore, junior and senior.
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=12"]edit[/URL Before first year

Some high schools and tertiary institutions use the term "prefrosh" or "pre-frosh" to describe their newly admitted students. Schools often offer a campus preview weekend for prefroshes to know the schools better. Students are considered prefroshes until they register for the first class.
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=13"]edit[/URL First year

A freshman (slang alternatives that are usually derogatory in nature include "fish", "new-g", "fresher", "frosh", "newbie", "freshie", "snotter", "fresh-meat", etc.) is a first-year student in college, university or high school. The less-commonI][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/URL][/I gender-neutral synonym "first-year student" exists; the variation "freshperson" is rare.I][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/URL][/I
In many traditions there is a remainder of the ancient (boarding, pre-commuting) tradition of fagging. The student may also be subjected to a period of hazing or ragging as a pledge(r) or rookie, especially if joining a fraternity/sorority or certain other clubs, mainly athletic teams. For example, many high schools have initiation methods for freshmen, including, but not limited to, Freshman Duct-taped Throw, Freshman races, Freshman Orientation, Freshman Freshening (referring to poor hygiene among freshmen), and the Freshman Spread.
Even after that, specific rules may apply depending on the school's traditions (e.g., wearing a distinctive beanie), non-observance of which may result in punishment in which the paddle may come into play.
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=14"]edit[/URL Second year

In the U.S., a sophomore is a second-year student. Folk etymology has it that the word means "wise fool"; consequently "sophomoric" means "pretentious, bombastic, inflated in style or manner; immature, crude, superficial" (according to the Oxford English Dictionary). It appears to be most likely formed from Greek "sophos", meaning "wise", and "moros" meaning "foolish", although it may also have separately originated from the word "sophumer", an obsolete variant of "sophism"[2]. Outside the USA the term "sophomore" is rarely used, with second-year students simply called "second years". The term "sophomore" is hardly known in Great Britain.

Academic procession during the University of Canterbury graduation ceremony


URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=15"]edit[/URL Post-second year

In the USA, a "junior" is a student in the penultimate (usually third) year and a "senior" a student in the last (usually fourth) year of college, university, or high school. A college student who takes more than the normal number of years to graduate is sometimes referred to as a "super senior".[3] The term "underclassman" is used to refer collectively to freshmen and sophomores, and "upperclassman" to refer collectively to juniors and seniors, sometimes even sophomores. The term "middler" is used to describe a third-year student of a school (generally college) that offers five years of study. In this situation, the fourth and fifth years would be referred to as "junior" and "senior" years, respectively.
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=16"]edit[/URL Jamaica

In Jamaica, space was limited so the school would be used in turns with younger children starting at eight o'clock in the morning and finishing at two thirty in the afternoon, followed by the older children starting at two thirty in the afternoon and finishing at six o'clock in the evening. Children start to attend school when they are two years old. Primary school is known as elementary school. Advancement through grades is based on skills and learning speed; some students finish and graduate at sixteen years old.
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=17"]edit[/URL Mature students

Main article: Mature student
A mature, non-traditional, or adult student in tertiary education (at a university or a college) is normally classified as an (undergraduate) student who is at least 21–23 years old at the start of their course and usually having been out of the education system for at least two years. Mature students can also include students who have been out of the education system for decades, or students with no secondary education. Mature students also make up graduate and postgraduate populations by demographic of age.
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=18"]edit[/URL Student pranks

Main article: Student prank
University students have been associated with pranks and japes since the creation of universities in the Middle Ages.[4][5][6][7][8] These can often involve petty crime, such as the theft of traffic cones and other public property,[9] or hoaxes. It is also not uncommon for students from one school to steal or deface the mascot of a rival school.[10] In fact, pranks play such a significant part in student culture that numerous books have been published that focus on the issue.[11][12] Pranks may reflect current events,[13] be a form of protest or revenge, or have no other purpose than for the enjoyment of the prank itself.
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=19"]edit[/URL Other terms

• Students who are repeating a grade level of schooling due to poor grades are sometimes referred to as having been "held back" or "kept back". In Singapore they are described as "retained". In Philippines they are called as "repeater".

• The term pupil (originally a Latin term for a minor as the ward of an adult guardian etc.) is used in Commonwealth primary and secondary schools (mainly in England and Wales) instead of "student", but once attending higher education such as sixth-form college etc., the term "student" is standard.

• The United States military academies use only numerical terms, except there are colloquial expressions used in everyday speech. In order from first year to fourth year, students in these institutions are officially referred to as "fourth-class", "third-class", "second-class", and "first-class" cadets or midshipmen. Unofficially, other terms are used, for example at the United States Military Academy, freshmen are called "plebes", sophomores are called "yearlings" or "yuks", juniors are called "cows", and seniors are called "firsties". Some universities also use numerical terms to identify classes; students enter as "first-years" and graduate as "fourth-years" (or, in some cases, "fifth-years", "sixth-years", etc.).

• In the United States a "gunner" is an overly competitive student, typically in law school or medical school. A gunner is also overly ambitious and often excitedly volunteers oral answers in class that are, by turns, incorrect, off-topic, or specifically designed to demonstrate the questionable "intellectual" prowess of the person supplying them. A gunner compromises peer relationships to obtain recognition and praise from instructors and superiors, often by directly harming or attempting to harm the academic well-being of said peers.[14]

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Student&action=edit&section=20"]edit[/URL Idiomatic use

"Freshman" and "sophomore" are sometimes used figuratively, almost exclusively in the United States, to refer to a first or second effort ("the singer's sophomore album"), or to a politician's first or second term in office ("freshman senator") or an athlete's first or second year on a professional sports team. "Junior" and "senior" are not used in this figurative way to refer to third and fourth years or efforts, because of those words' broader meanings of "younger" and "older." A junior senator is therefore not one who is in a third term of office, but merely one who has not been in the Senate as long as the other senator from their state. Confusingly, this means that it is possible to be both a "freshman Senator" and a "senior Senator" simultaneously: for example, if a Senator wins election in 2008, and then the other Senator from the same state steps down and a new Senator elected in 2010, the former Senator is both senior Senator (as in the Senate for two years more) and a freshman Senator (since still in the first term).



A protest expresses a strong reaction of events or situations. The term protest usually now implies a reaction against something, while previously it could also mean a reaction for something. Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly and forcefully making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy, or may undertake direct action in an attempt to directly enact desired changes themselves.[1]
Self-expression can, in theory, in practice or in appearance, be restricted[2] by governmental policy, economic circumstances, religious orthodoxy, social structures, or media monopoly. When such restrictions occur, opposition may spill over into other areas such as culture, the streets or emigration.
A protest can itself sometimes be the subject of a counter-protest. In such a case, counter-protesters demonstrate their support for the person, policy, action, etc. that is the subject of the original protest.

Demonstrators marching outside the 2008 Republican National Convention in Saint Paul, Minnesota


Contents

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests#"]hide[/URL

• 1 Historical notions
• 2 Forms of protest
  • 2.1 Public demonstration or political rally
  • 2.2 Written demonstration
  • 2.3 Civil disobedience demonstrations
  • 2.4 As a residence
  • 2.5 Destructive
  • 2.6 Direct action
  • 2.7 Protesting a government
  • 2.8 Protesting a military shipment
  • 2.9 By government employees
  • 2.10 Job action
  • 2.11 In sports
  • 2.12 By management
  • 2.13 By tenants
  • 2.14 By consumers
  • 2.15 Information
  • 2.16 Civil disobedience to censorship
  • 2.17 By Internet and social networking
  • 2.18 Literature, art, culture
  • 2.19 Protests against religious or ideological institutions
• 3 Economic effects of protests against companies
• 4 See also
• 5 References

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=1"]edit[/URL Historical notions


September 15, 2007 anti-war protest in Washington DC


Unaddressed protest may grow and widen into dissent, activism, riots, insurgency, revolts, and political and/or social revolution, as in:

• Northern Europe in the early 16th century (Protestant Reformation)
• North America in the 1770s (American Revolution)
• France in 1789 (French Revolution)
• The Haymarket riot, 1886, a violent labor protest led by the Anarchist Movement
• Martin Luther King's 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, a key moment in the Civil Rights Movement
• SOS (Save Our Sons) an Australian anti-conscription organization
• The Stonewall riots in 1969 protesting the treatment of homosexuals in New York City
• The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
• The many ACT-UP AIDS protests of the late 1980s and early 1990s
• The Seattle WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 protest activity against the World Trade Organization
• Anti-globalization Protests in Prague in 2000
• Feb. 15, 2003 Iraq War Protest - 6-10 million in 60 countries

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=2"]edit[/URL Forms of protest

Commonly recognized forms of protest include:
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=3"]edit[/URL Public demonstration or political rally


Protesters outside the Hotel Washington during the Million Worker March


Some forms of direct action listed in this article are also public demonstrations or rallies.

• Protest march, a historically and geographically common form of nonviolent action by groups of people.
• Picketing, a form of protest in which people congregate outside a place of work or location where an event is taking place. Often, this is done in an attempt to dissuade others from going in ("crossing the picket line"), but it can also be done to draw public attention to a cause.
• Street protesters, characteristically, work alone, gravitating towards areas of high foot traffic, and employing handmade placards such as sandwich boards or picket signs in order to maximize exposure and interaction with the public.
• Lockdowns are a way to stop movement of an object, like a structure or tree and to thwart movement of actual protesters from the location. Users employ various chains, locks and even the sleeping dragon for impairment of those trying to remove them with a matrix of composted materials.
• Die-ins are a form of protest where participants simulate being dead (with varying degrees of realism). In the simplest form of a die-in, protesters simply lie down on the ground and pretend to be dead, sometimes covering themselves with signs or banners. Much of the effectiveness depends on the posture of the protesters, for when not properly executed, the protest might look more like a "sleep-in". For added realism, simulated wounds are sometimes painted on the bodies, or (usually "bloody") bandages are used.
• Protest song is a song which protests perceived problems in society. Every major movement in Western history has been accompanied by its own collection of protest songs, from slave emancipation to women's suffrage, the labor movement, civil rights, the anti-war movement, the feminist movement, the environmental movement. Over time, the songs have come to protest more abstract, moral issues, such as injustice, racial discrimination, the morality of war in general (as opposed to purely protesting individual wars), globalization, inflation, social inequalities, and incarceration.
• Radical cheerleading. The idea is to ironically reappropriate the aesthetics of cheerleading, for example by changing the chants to promote feminism and left-wing causes. Many radical cheerleaders (some of whom are male, transgender or non-gender identified) are in appearance far from the stereotypical image of a cheerleader.
• Critical Mass bike rides have been perceived as protest activities. A 2006 New Yorker magazine article described Critical Mass' activity in New York City as "monthly political-protest rides", and characterized Critical Mass as a part of a social movement;[3] and the UK e-zine Urban75, which advertises as well as publishes photographs of the Critical Mass event in London, describes this as "the monthly protest by cyclists reclaiming the streets of London."[4] However, Critical Mass participants have insisted that these events should be viewed as "celebrations" and spontaneous gatherings, and not as protests or organized demonstrations.[5][6] This stance allows Critical Mass to argue a legal position that its events can occur without advance notification of local police.[7][8]
• Toyi-toyi is a Southern African dance originally from Zimbabwe that became famous for its use in political protests in the apartheid-era South Africa, see Protest in South Africa.

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=4"]edit[/URL Written demonstration

Written evidence of political or economic power, or democratic justification may also be a way of protesting.

• Petitions
• Letters (to show political power by the volume of letters): For example, some letter writing campaigns especially with signed form letter

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=5"]edit[/URL Civil disobedience demonstrations


Neighbors sit-down Delicias Ave creating traffic congestion, protesting several days of power and water shut-off in northern Maracay, Venezuela.


Any protest could be civil disobedience if a “ruling authority” says so, but the following are usually civil disobedience demonstrations:

• Public nudity or topfree (to protest indecency laws or as a publicity stunt for another protest such as a war protest) or animal mistreatment (e.g. PETA's campaign against fur)
• Sit-in
• Raasta roko (people blocking auto traffic with their bodies)

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=6"]edit[/URL As a residence

• Peace camp
• Formation of a tent city
• Camp for Climate Action

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=7"]edit[/URL Destructive

• Riot - Protests or attempts to end protests sometimes lead to rioting.
• Self-immolation
• Suicide
• Hunger strike

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=8"]edit[/URL Direct action

• Nonviolent resistance
• Occupation

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=9"]edit[/URL Protesting a government

• Tax resistance
• Conscientious objector
• Flag desecration

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=10"]edit[/URL Protesting a military shipment

• Port Militarization Resistance - protests which attempt to prevent military cargo shipments.

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=11"]edit[/URL By government employees

• Bully pulpit
• Judicial activism

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=12"]edit[/URL Job action


Kylah Broughton and Jaysen Bazile, two Science Park High School students at the budget cut walkouts in Newark, New Jersey on April 27, 2010


Main article: Industrial action

• Strike action
• Walkout
• Work-to-rule

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=13"]edit[/URL In sports

During a sporting event, under certain circumstances, one side may choose to play a game "under protest", usually when they feel the rules are not being correctly applied. The event continues as normal, and the events causing the protest are reviewed after the fact. If the protest is held to be valid, then the results of the event are changed. Each sport has different rules for protests.
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=14"]edit[/URL By management

• Lockout

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=15"]edit[/URL By tenants

• Rent strike

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=16"]edit[/URL By consumers

• Boycott
• Consumer Court

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=17"]edit[/URL Information

• Informative letters, letter writing campaigns, letters to the editor
• Teach-in
• Zine
• Soapboxing

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=18"]edit[/URL Civil disobedience to censorship

• Samizdat (distributing censored materials)
• Protest Graffiti

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=19"]edit[/URL By Internet and social networking

Bloging and social networking has become a very effective tool to register protest and grievances. Protests can express there views, news and use viral networking to reach out to thousands of people.
For example during the Quit Kashmir Movement II people from Kashmir are using this form of protest to express there anger and share news that are not shown by the main stream media. One of the methods to register the protest is by changing your profile picture to one with "I Protest" written in it. [9][10]
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=20"]edit[/URL Literature, art, culture

• Culture jamming

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=21"]edit[/URL Protests against religious or ideological institutions

• Recusancy
• Book burning

URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=22"]edit[/URL Economic effects of protests against companies

A study of 342 US protests covered by the New York Times newspaper in the period 1962 and 1990 showed that such public activities usually had an impact on the company's publicly-traded stock price. The most intriguing aspect of the study's findings is that what mattered most was not the number of protest participants, but the amount of media coverage the event received. Stock prices fell an average of one-tenth of a percent for every paragraph printed about the event.[11]
URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=23"]edit[/URL See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Protests Look up protest in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Activist Wisdom
• Anti-globalization
• Fare strike
• First Amendment to the United States Constitution
• Gandhigiri
• I Protest
• Police
• Port Militarization Resistance
• Protest art
• Public Library Advocacy
• Right to protest
• Satyagraha
• Social criticism
• Tactical frivolity

AnonoBoy wrote: »

Excellent and concise post there Zohan.

thank-you

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also thank you
Contents

URL="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thank-you#"]hide[/URL

• 1 English
  • 1.1 Alternative forms
  • 1.2 Etymology
  • 1.3 Noun
    • 1.3.1 Usage notes

URL="http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=thank-you&action=edit&section=1"]edit[/URL English

URL="http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=thank-you&action=edit&section=2"]edit[/URL Alternative forms

• thankyou

URL="http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=thank-you&action=edit&section=3"]edit[/URL Etymology

thank you
URL="http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=thank-you&action=edit&section=4"]edit[/URL Noun

thank-you (plural thank-yous)

1. An expression of gratitude. I must offer a big thank-you to my agent for getting me this job.
2. (as a modifier before a noun) That expresses thanks. a thank-you letter

(I hope I'm doing this copy & paste thingy a la RobotTV ok)

RobitTV do you have a blog, you should have, you could call it the recycle bin