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Is Irelands neutrality stance in WW2 unfairly criticized? (see Mod note 217)

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Answers

  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,058 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    So they classed him as ‘exonerated’ with all this ‘intelligence’

    Righto. 😁



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,058 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    Somebody else is taking your claims apart.
    In fairness it hasn’t been hard.


    Night



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    It did not take an Einstein to know that one of the main reasons for a Nazi member like Hempel and his official German team in Dublin during the war was to enable the German Abwehr (military intelligence) - which heavily relied on neutral Ireland as a transit and communication route - to use Dublin and the German "Embassy" as a route to funnel intelligence back to Berlin. One of the main reasons for their existence, everyone knew that.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,122 ✭✭✭adaminho


    There is no proof for Dieppe! If the Americans had proof that Hempel was responsible he would have been tried as a war criminal, not exonerated!

    Let's look at what actually happened with the Americans.

    The OSS reported, for instance, that German diplomats in Dublin had identified 600 air installations in England. Carter Nicholas, the head of the Éire desk at OSS headquarters, noted that it “looked to me at first as though there was a serious leak from Éire”.

    When the OSS shared this information with its British counterpart — MI5 — the British explained that the reports from Dublin were part of a deception plan. MI5 had been feeding misinformation to the German legation. To ensure that the Germans would believe the various deceptions, the material was buried in a wealth of accurate information that the Germans already knew.

    When MI5 explained the situation, OSS leaders realised the Irish security situation was even better than they “had previously thought”. MI5, which was effectively using the German diplomats in Dublin as double agents, had serious reservations about the Americans demanding the expulsion of Axis diplomats from Dublin.

    If the German diplomats were expelled, MI5 warned that this would possibly endanger Allied security, because the Germans might infiltrate a useful spy. As it was, the British had broken the German codes and were reading all the messages from the legation in Dublin.

    The OSS knew Gray’s proposal was just a political ruse, so it did not involve itself in the American Note, which was delivered to de Valera on February 21, 1944. News of the note and de Valera’s refusal broke on March 10.

    Also

    Historians who are unaware of MI5’s input in feeding the Dublin legation misinformation have perpetuated the myth that Ireland was the source of valuable information for the Germans.

    Final word goes to the Head of the OSS and Founder of the CIA William "Wild Bill" Donovan

    As the American Note was strictly a political ruse, the OSS had initially tried to avoid involvement, but as the diplomatic tension was growing, General Donovan decided to outline the details of secret Irish security co-operation in a memorandum to President Roosevelt on March 30, 1944. He provided a long list of ways in which the Irish had been helping, and he emphasised the potential of the help being provided by Irish diplomats on the continent.

    “So far the information contained in these reports has been of use primarily as confirmation of information from other sources,” Donovan explained. “However the potentialities are important.”

    “The co-operation in intelligence matters offered and given by the Irish has been very full,” Donovan added.

    “Since the delivery of the American Note the Irish offered their prompt cooperation in adopting whatever security measures may be recommended by us.”

    Gray tried to shut down the German embassy here and nearly sank the entire UK and US spy networks in Ireland, Berlin, Rome and Vichy. The guy that founded the entire US spy network had to go over his head to FDR to save Irish relations.



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    Kinda hard to prove iif it was Hempel or one of his team who may have sent the info. One person may deny all knowledge of it.

    Much easier for the FBI in the States to know for definite that Aiken had said Ireland had nothing to itfear from a German victory. They knew that because he had said it. Roosevelt asked Aiken after that "why he had said Ireland had nothing to fear from a German victory." Of course Aiken then denied he had said that, but bottom line, there was a row, knives and cutlery flying, and Aiken failed in his mission to buy arms for Ireland.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    Not only did Gray "try to shut down the German embassy here", he asked for access to it well before the official German surrender. Berlin fell on 2nd May. People knew the war was over although the first surrender document was not until May 7th , with another one on May 8th as far as I remember.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    Rubbish. Everything I said is correct. Here is the back up:

     "On April 30, 1945, Gray presented another request for American forces be allowed to seize the German legation in Dublin in order to get hold of German codes in case some U-boats tried to carry on the struggle after Germany's impending surrender.

    As Gray lectured him, "De Valera grew red and looked very sour. He was evidently annoyed, but his manners were correct".

    "When I finished, he slapped the copy of the memorandum, which I had presented him, on his desk. 'This is a matter for my legal advisers,' the Taoiseach said; 'it is not a matter I can discuss with you now'."

    Time was of the essence, Gray argued, but De Valera terminated the discussion.

    Next day Gray was informed that Hempel would be told to hand over his keys once Germany surrendered. The Americans could then, and only then, take charge of the legation.

    THEY were not going to have to wait very long because the news broke that day of Hitler's death."

    If the embassy was not handed over until May 10th, I was correct in what I said. It gave Hempel "a week to 10 days" to destroy much information etc.

    Here is the link from the Examiner:



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,894 ✭✭✭jmcc


    Regards…jmcc



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,122 ✭✭✭adaminho


    Why are you jumping back to Aiken now? Where is the proof that Aiken said it? Surely if the FBI knew it there would some memo or letter to FDR.

    Did you know that the head of the OSS Bill Donovan interviewed Aiken before his meeting with FDR?

    Some highlights

    Some of his questions were –

    Did we want the Germans to win, and did we think a German victory would be better for Ireland than a British victory?

    If we got a settlement of Partition would we join the war?

    If America entered the war and guaranteed our position would we give the Bases?

    Did I, personally, want the Germans to win?

    And here was his answer

    During all the cross-examination I took our usual stand that our people would not enter a war to fight a potential aggressor on the side of the only power that had aggressed them to date, and that an effort on the part of any Government to bring the people into the war would simply create national disruption and result in the overthrow of the Government proposing it. The people had made up their minds on this and I personally had made up my mind on it. We were solely pro- Irish in the war and wished for a victory for the ideals for which we stood – the right to determine our own life and to decide the issue of war and peace for our- selves unless attacked. We did not contemplate settling the Partition question by force. Our policy was to prevent the country being used as a base of attack against England. We had stood by this policy to the knowledge of the British Government and would not be driven from it. We would not ask the British forces into our territory even though we were assured that the Germans were going to attack us within ten days, as the morale of our people required it to be clearly proved who was the aggressor. If the British feared an attack on our country by the Germans the proper thing for them to do was to arm us, and those arms would be very much more effective in the hands of Irishmen defending their own soil than in the hands of foreigners defending a strategic outpost.

    Why did cutlery go flying? You should know this because I tell you every time you try use it to prove a point incorrectly!



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,122 ✭✭✭adaminho


    Under international law the German Embassy could not be handed over until the official end of the war which was 00.01 09/05/1945. Gray tried to jump the gun and bully Dev but he stood his ground and refused to break neutrality!



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    So even though Hitler was dead, Berlin had fallen, the Allies in the west had literally met up and shaken hands with the Russians at the Elbe, Germany was defeated …we would not do anything even then to help the allies, even though some other previously neutral countries did, and even though Germany has disregarded International law in every country it dealt with, including ours by bombing us on a number of occasions, sinking our clearly identifiable merchant ships we had leased etc.

    Our respect for the Nazis meant that much to us. Even when Dev was promised a United Ireland in return for the use of the treaty ports in the Allies hour of need, we did not lend them back ( they were built by the British and given to us in goodwill in 1938). Dev thought the Germans would win the war. He backed the wrong horse.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,058 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    Yes, In the US and the UK embassies were inviolable spaces until the severing of diplomatic ties.

    Gray made many requests and demands from Ireland and his own country which were ignored. He wasn't a trained diplomat he was a journalist/writer married into the Roosevelt family, so probably didn't know how it all worked.

    Fascinating man in many ways, he was a spiritualist and several historians mention his holding of seances.

    On Nov 8, 1941, Balfour’s ghost supposedly warned Gray about Joe Walshe, secretary of the Department of External Affairs. “He, from what I can see, is hand and glove with the German Minister,” the message read.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    A lot of people do know of him too. In your link it says his job was to "decode wireless messages being covertly transmitted via Morse code from a house in north Dublin owned by the German Embassy. The coded messages posed a huge threat to Irish national security and the wider war effort.". Sure he cracked a code, but the Germans changed code frequently, and had more than one radio. The Allies knew all this, from triangulation etc. Fair plate to Hayes all the same.

    At the end of the RTE link it says " In reality Ireland did everything it could to assist the Allies bar sending troops". That is not true. Other countries changed sides in 1944 for example. In the closing days of ww2 in the Spring of 1945 we were asked to do the Allies a turn and probably save some Allied lives, but even when Hitler was dead we did not do that.

    Despite the fact Germany had bombed us lots of times and sunk our ships, all with loss of life.

    Oh, we sent a weather report from Belmullet during the war. Although we did not of course know what it would be used for. Very helpful. The Allies had not many ships or planes in the Atlantic, which met. data could be retrieved from.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,058 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    The Allies knew all this,

    …and yet exonerated your persona non grata.

    Not a great look for your mud singing argument that, is it?



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,122 ✭✭✭adaminho


    Germany was defeated …we would not do anything even then to help the allies, even though some other previously neutral countries did, and even though Germany has disregarded International law in every country it dealt with, including ours by bombing us on a number of occasions, sinking our clearly identifiable merchant ships we had leased etc.

    The war didn't end until the 9th of May, getting us to break international law cause "they did it first" is about as good a defence as "I was only following orders"!

    Dev thought the Germans would win the war. He backed the wrong horse.

    An opinion shared at the time by the US ambassador to the UK Joseph P. Kennedy (JFK's father) among many other prominent Americans. He didn't "back the wrong horse" merely looked at the evidence in front of him and deduced the likely outcome.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    The Allies praised Hayes, as I did. I said fair play to him. The Allies however were well aware that the German in Dublin, under the Nazi Hempel, were sending coded messages to Germany. As was confirmed in the article.

    edited for spelling

    Post edited by Francis McM on


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,058 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    and they exonerated Hempel.

    Probably because they realised what most historians agree on, and this distinction is key IMO:
    Hempel 'served' the Nazi regime as a diplomat as many diplomats and soldiers did.
    He was not a Nazi by ideology.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,122 ✭✭✭adaminho


    . General William J Donovan, head of the OSS, informed Roosevelt “that a great deal of information pertaining to Allied activities in England and Ulster comes from the German embassy in Dublin. The legation, which is heavily staffed, has succeeded in infiltrating agents into England.”

    German diplomats in Dublin had identified 600 air installations in England. It “looked to me at first as though there was a serious leak from Éire”, Carter Nicholas noted.

    When the OSS shared this with MI5, the British explained the reports from Dublin were part of a deception plan. MI5 had been feeding misinformation to the German legation. The material was buried in a wealth of accurate information that the Germans already knew.

    When MI5 explained the situation, OSS leaders realised the Irish security situation was even better than “previously thought”. As MI5 was effectively using the German diplomats in Dublin, it did not desire their expulsion. The OSS also had reservations, but it knew the request was just a political ploy, so it did not interfere.

    Gray delivered Roosevelt’s request on February 21, 1944. It was soon leaked to the press. The note was published shortly before St Patrick’s Day, igniting a firestorm of criticism of Ireland in the American press.

    “Call for St Patrick!” exclaimed a Dallas Morning News editorial.

    The snakes are back in Ireland.

    The Atlanta Constitution was hysterical as it complained that Ireland had been so “notoriously loose” in dealing with the Axis legations that “thousands and thousands of American soldiers will die because of the Irish position”.

    Despite Irish vigilance, The New York Times warned, the German legation might pass on information that would “endanger the lives of many thousands of Allied soldiers, including many of Irish descent”. Amidst this hysterical coverage, de Valera was depicted as indifferent to the Allies’ plight. Joe Walshe visited London and “protested vigorously” to J. Russell Forgan, who was acting head of European operations for the OSS in David Bruce’s temporary absence.

    “Although I agreed with him completely,” Forgan wrote to me in 1970, “I had to say that if we told the actual facts, all of the wonderful work that his intelligence services had been doing with the Allies would be ruined. He saw the point immediately.”

    The Irish had provided some “very useful” co-operation on intelligence matters, Forgan assured me. “In general, despite the American news media,” he emphasised, “the Irish worked with us on intelligence matters almost as if they were our allies. They have never received the credit due them.”

    Of course they knew, they were the ones feeding the information to them!

    There was an error displaying this embed.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2, Paid Member Posts: 4,303 ✭✭✭Cyclingtourist


    There was an earlier European conflict that the IFS and Dev took a diplomatic stand on, the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).

    "De Valera's handling of domestic aspects of the Spanish Civil War must be considered a success. Despite the widespread support for Franco, De Valera managed to convey the importance of neutrality, non-intervention and, to a lesser extent, the continuation of diplomatic relations between Spain and the Free State."

    Quote from page 238 of 'Irish Politics and the Spanish Civil War' (Cork University Press 1999) by Fearghal McGarry

    Despite strong pressure Dev maintained diplomatic relations with the Spanish Republican government right up to the end of the war in 1939 at which point it recognised the Nationalist government in Burgos.

    Dev was above all a stickler for diplomatic protocol as well as a strong supporter of Irish neutrality in international conflict. If he maintained this position in defiance of popular Irish opinion with regard to Spain (1936-39) then it's hardly surprising that with strong domestic support he maintained a similar position in WW2.



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,058 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    This is specifically for @Francis McM to ponder:

    What 'exoneration' actually meant.

    1. Cleared of meaningful Nazi involvement
      2. Could prove:
      no significant party activity
      coerced membership or minimal association
      3. Outcomes:
      no penalties
      full rehabilitation

    2. Hempel was formally cleared in post-war denazification in the British zone (Stade tribunal), meaning:

    no sanctions
    no criminal liability under denazification law
    eligibility to return to civil service (which he did in West Germany)

    Now if you have information that can counter the above, your issue is NOT with Dev or Ireland, it is with those in The Allies that exonerated him.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,122 ✭✭✭adaminho


    The irony is that argue for us to stand up to Dictators like Hitler whilst ignoring that 90% of the country at the time objected to joining the war! It's almost like they wanted a Dictator to run Ireland (or maybe the King!)



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    He was a member of the Nazi party since 1st July 1938. He was even photographed with Dev and Hyde giving a Nazi salute in the RDS in Dublin before the war.

    Not all German diplomats but Hempel was.

    Of course after the war was lost by the Nazis, his apologists will play that down.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,058 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    Again the knowledge deficit.

    As most people know after 1933 German diplomats were pressured to join the Nazi party and did for career continuity etc.
    It is not evidence therefore of allegience to Nazi ideology.
    Because of this 'catergories' had to be formulated and Hempel was in this one:

    NSDAP-member career diplomat serving the Nazi state without evidence of high-level ideological or security apparatus involvement.

    Do your due diligence Francis before slinging mud you hope will stick.

    Again, your issue is with the Allies who let this 'Nazi' go free.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    In 1949, when everyone had moved on to some extent and were busy rebuilding their economies, rehousing and feeding their populations, countering the Communist threat ( as they saw it) etc. Water under the bridge and spilt milk comes to mind.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,122 ✭✭✭adaminho


    You keep repeating this again and again despite it been shown to you many times that all diplomats were forced to join the party. You also ignore the fact that everyone preferred Hempel rather than a proper Nazi!

    The Irish government preferred a non-National Socialist as minister. Hitler initially did not interfere with the foreign service; he later gave diplomats living abroad the option of either joining the Nazi party or leaving the service and ‘reeducation’. Hempel joined on 1 July 1938. He gave the Nazi salute at the Royal Dublin Horse Show in the presence of the president, Douglas Hyde (qv), the taoiseach, Éamon de Valera (qv), and the tánaiste, Seán T. O'Kelly (qv). The Auslandsorganisation kept an eye on German nationals abroad. Hempel's predecessor in Dublin, von Dehn Schmidt, was disgraced for kissing the papal nuncio's ring.

    Unless you can find something new stop repeating the same debunked theories!



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,058 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    😁😁

    two seconds to google this. I suggest you try research before destroying you credibility anymore

    If you include all Nazi war crimes suspects in Allied custody or under investigation in 1949, the number is far larger:

    Across Allied occupation zones: Thousands of cases were still open under Control Council Law No. 10
    Germany’s denazification system had:
    hundreds of thousands processed
    but only a smaller fraction prosecuted as war criminals
    Many suspects were:
    under investigation
    in internment camps
    or awaiting trial in national courts (not Nuremberg)

    *Bolding mine.

    P.S. Maybe they were good at 'multitasking'?



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,122 ✭✭✭adaminho


    No, they sent him through the denazification process where he was found Category V Exonerated!

    It was not water under the bridge, Germany were prosecuting war crimes up until 2024 (a secretary). I doubt they would let someone who you claim leaked details of Dieppe and cost thousands of lives waltz back into a job in the Foreign office without so much as a black mark to his name. Even other Diplomats in other neutral countries were classed as Category III or IV!



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,058 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    It beggars belief that this poster is still trying to insinuate when the Allies themselves adamantly contradicted them.



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    Have you are link to any survey or other data that shows 90% of the country objected to helping the Allies even in the closing days or weeks of the war when Germany was defeated?



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