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Is Irelands neutrality stance in WW2 unfairly criticized? (see Mod note 217)

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Answers

  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,125 ✭✭✭adaminho


    When shown evidence that Roosevelt wanted to keep the US out of the war after the invasion of Poland, you change your tune to "Who would have known that the Axis countries would go on to attack and invade much of Europe?"

    They also ignore the fact that German Charge D'Affaires Hans Thomsen attended FDR's inauguration on Jan 20th 1941. So even after they had invaded much of Europe America remained neutral. Funnily enough it was Thomsen who delivered Germany's declaration of war on Dec 11th the same year.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    As I said, the U.S. entered WW2 late as it did in WW1, so no great credit for it there. I am just glad of the 51 countries who did, sooner or later stand up to the aggression of the Axis powers. Glad someone did.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,125 ✭✭✭adaminho


    Of course the Americans during the war wanted Ireland to join the Allies, to stand up to Nazism. There were many Jews in America, they may not have known the full extent of the extermination camps then but they knew from refugees coming from Germany before the way etc what Germany was like. And America helped the UK before it joining the war through Eagle squadrons etc

    What do Jews in America have to do with Ireland joining the war? Eagle Squadrons were not official American aid, they were a group of volunteers who signed up separately and were all lumped into 3 units. Plenty of Irish volunteered as well, including Brendan "Paddy" Finucane who's 32 kills was nearly half of the entire 3 eagle squadrons 73.

    Roosevelt was urging Aiken for Ireland to engage in patrolling the coasts off Ireland, 50 miles out, to help fight and deter German submarines.

    No he did not urge us to fight German submarines off the coast. He did ask us to patrol off the coast which he was told would breach our neutrality whilst America maintained their own.

    Why could you not institute an air patrol service extending, say, 50 miles off the Irish coast to spot these engines of destruction which are preying on your ships. Mr. Aiken said that any endeavour to get us committed would be turned down by the Irish Government, and that such was the determination of the people to maintain their neutral stand that even Mr. de Valera, whose influence in Ireland was perhaps more powerful than that of any other Chief of a Government, would be powerless to bring about a change.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    Before officially entering the war, as Roosevelt more than hinted, the U.S. Navy and Coast Guard conducted extensive "Neutrality Patrols" throughout 1941 to monitor, track, and protect Allied shipping from German U-boats. Roosevelt wanted us to do the same, but Aiken told him that would breach our neutrality.

    Of course when America joined the war, the Allies ( UK, Canadian, American) wanted us, even if it was just in some small way, to help in the battle of the Atlantic too. Would have helped them.

    N.B. you are right about "Plenty of Irish volunteered as well, including Brendan "Paddy" Finucane who's 32 kills was nearly half of the entire 3 eagle squadrons 73.". I think Paddy Finucane had 28 confirmed kills, he was one of the top fighter aces in the RAF. I rememember an old WW2 vet telling me many decades ago that many of the Americans had no guts to fight , and he pointed out hundreds of USAF (United States bombers) who turned for the alps when over Germany and landed in neutral Switzerland. Of course, some of the aircraft had sustained damage and were forced to do this however some "deserted" and refused to continue flying these dangerous missions - hundreds went to Switzerland and Sweden.

    Big respect to our own Brendan "Paddy" Finucane and many more people like him.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,125 ✭✭✭adaminho


    Here is Germany's declaration of War on the US

    MR. CHARGÉ D'AFFAIRES:

    The Government of the United States having violated in the most flagrant manner and in ever increasing measure all rules of neutrality in favor of the adversaries of Germany and having continually been guilty of the most severe provocations toward Germany ever since the outbreak of the European war, provoked by the British declaration of war against Germany on September 3, 1939, has finally resorted to open military acts of aggression.

    On September 11, 1941, the President of the United States publicly declared that he had ordered the American Navy and Air Force to shoot on sight at any German war vessel. In his speech of October 27, 1941, he once more expressly affirmed that this order was in force. Acting under this order, vessels of the American Navy, since early September 1941, have systematically attacked German naval forces. Thus, American destroyers, as for instance the Greer, the Kearny and the Reuben James, have opened fire on German submarines according to plan. The Secretary of the American Navy, Mr. Knox, himself confirmed that American destroyers attacked German submarines.

    Furthermore, the naval forces of the United States, under order of their Government and contrary to international law have treated and seized German merchant vessels on the high seas as enemy ships.

    The German Government therefore establishes the following facts:

    Although Germany on her part has strictly adhered to the rules of international law in her relations with the United States during every period of the present war, the Government of the United States from initial violations of neutrality has finally proceeded to open acts of war against Germany. The Government of the United States has thereby virtually created a state of war.

    The German Government, consequently, discontinues diplomatic relations with the United States of America and declares that under these circumstances brought about by President Roosevelt Germany too, as from today, considers herself as being in a state of war with the United States of America.

    Accept, Mr. Chargé d'Affaires, the expression of my high consideration.

    December 11, 1941.

    RIBBENTROP.[20]

    How did those neutrality patrols work out?



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    Should have done a lot more earlier of course. Neutrality does not work. If there are Hitlers or Putins in the world, we cannot all be neutrals and freeloaders. The Hitlers and the Putins love neutrals and freeloaders. If the US entered the war earlier it may have shortened the war a bit and saved lives.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,125 ✭✭✭adaminho


    If the US entered the war earlier it may have shortened the war a bit and saved lives.

    Maybe we should change the thread title to "Why isn't American neutrality criticized more than Ireland's"

    Maybe if the British weren't so weak in agreeing to let the Germans re-arm then it would all be moot. Hitler might love a neutral or a freeloader but he loved a sucker more and played Britain like a cheap fiddle!



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    Britain and the Commonwealth were the ones who stood up to Nazi Germany. Us and the Americans sat on our hands. in 1939, 1940 etc

    One thing for Roosevelt though, he was proved right when in 1941 he went on "to talk of the dire consequences that would come to Ireland in the event of a German victory. On the question of supplies the difficulty was in not knowing how they would be used. The Rumanians, for instance, had asked for military equipment, and, when asked who they would use the equipment against, they had no reply. In our case there was no definite and explicit statement that they would be used against Germany in case of attack. " So he did not give us arms. Hard to blame him, even if this was before American joining the war.

    Also in the link yesterday it said "The President (Roosevelt) said 'that means you have not convinced the State Department that this material would not be used to attack England'. 

    Roosevelt did not trust us with "this material" (arms) in case we attacked the UK with it.



  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 17,874 Mod ✭✭✭✭Manic Moran


    This post over on Gunboards is interesting, if not necessarily proof positive.

    https://www.gunboards.com/threads/the-us-rifle-model-1917-used-by-irish-army.1182042/#post-10616979

    Apparently the problem may be the rather convoluted shenanigans used to get them there, so they are listed as being from the British, and the fact that they were marked in Irish records as 1903s and nicknamed "Springfields" (even though they weren't made by Springfield). Snip:

    image.png

    The 75mms certainly arrived via the UK, there is at least one in the Curragh and one in Dromod, their own provenance being rather complicated (former French WW1 guns, captured by the Germans, recaptured as war spoils)…

    https://web.archive.org/web/20120303203022/http%3A//www.skynet.ie/~dan/war/equip.htm

    Indicates just under 20,000 US rifles received, regardless of the exact nomenclature.

    Indeed he did say that. But what did he do between then and December 1941? The US attempted to remain non-belligerent for as long as possible, whilst openly and actively aiding the allies and preparing itself to fight overseas. The Army did not need to expand five-fold by July 1941 and undertake the largest military maneuveres in history to defend itself from some rogue Canadian or Mexican force crossing the border.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,125 ✭✭✭adaminho


    Britain and the Commonwealth were the ones who stood up to Nazi Germany. Us and the Americans sat on our hands. in 1939, 1940 etc

    What about the British sitting on their hands during the Anschluss?

    One thing for Roosevelt though, he was proved right when in 1941 he went on "to talk of the dire consequences that would come to Ireland in the event of a German victory.

    How was he proved right when there was no German victory?

    . On the question of supplies the difficulty was in not knowing how they would be used. The Rumanians, for instance, had asked for military equipment, and, when asked who they would use the equipment against, they had no reply. In our case there was no definite and explicit statement that they would be used against Germany in case of attack.

    You purposely omitted the rest of that again!

    The Rumanians, for instance, had asked for military equipment, and, when asked who they would use the equipment against, they had no reply. In our case there was no definite and explicit statement that they would be used against Germany in case of attack. Mr. Aiken pointed out that Mr. de Valera had stated again and again, as far back as 1935 and since, that we would defend our territory against any belligerent who attacked us, and, furthermore, that he had given an explicit undertaking in public that he would not allow Ireland to be used as a base to attack England.2 The President said that a great many people in America did not realise this. He said that, if we could convince the British that such were the case, and if then the British came to him and said they were satisfied on the point, the supplies would be forthcoming. Mr. Aiken pointed out that the British policy in regard to Ireland had been very stupid and that the President should try and save them from their own folly. He should use his own judgment and initiative in approaching this subject. Mr. Aiken pointed out that the Germans might think it unwise to attack England directly, and in that event they might occupy Ireland so as to straddle the communications between Britain and America and cut off the last remaining route.

    Also in the link yesterday it said "The President (Roosevelt) said 'that means you have not convinced the State Department that this material would not be used to attack England'.

    Again omitting the bit that doesn't suit your argument.

    The President said 'that means you have not convinced the State Department that this material would not be used to attack England'. Mr. Aiken said that they had no intention of doing anything of the kind, and recalled again Mr. de Valera's explicit undertaking that Ireland will not be used as a base to attack England and that we had announced it was no part of our policy to settle partition by force.3

    Roosevelt did not trust us with "this material" (arms) in case we attacked the UK with it.

    Why did he ask Churchill not to attack us either?

    The President replied 'against German aggression'. Mr. Aiken said 'or British aggression'. The President said 'Nonsense, you don't fear an attack from England. England is not going to attack you. It's a preposterous suggestion.' Mr. Aiken said why did the British refuse to give us a specific undertaking on this point when they were asked to. The President said 'It is absurd nonsense, ridiculous nonsense. Why, Churchill would never do anything of that kind. I wouldn't mind saying it to him myself.' Mr. Aiken said 'Will you do this, Mr. President'. He said 'I certainly will. I'll ask Churchill myself.' Mr. Aiken then said 'Would you give an instruction, Mr. President, that we get a definite yes or no on the matter of supplies within a few days'. He said 'I will do that.' We then withdrew, the interview having lasted from 12.30 to 1.45.

    You have shown by your willful omissions and at times barefaced lies that you are not arguing in good faith! I have given you plenty of articles only for you to miss quote, edit or miss interpret and when asked for any proof you have shied away. You have let your opinions on certain people known by falsely labeling them Antisemitic, Murderers and Racist! You have contradicted yourself and backtracked several times. It just shows that the argument you are trying to make is either weak or non-existent and you can't back it up!



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  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 17,874 Mod ✭✭✭✭Manic Moran


    Just a comment about "What about the British sitting on their hands"… The unfortunate reality was that there wasn't a hell of a lot the British could actually do. The Army in particular was in a pretty woeful state at the time. For all the mocking of Chamberlain's "Peace in our time" and appeasement, British hands were relatively tied, and Chamberlain knew it, even as his government was starting to pour money into the military.

    France had a slightly different issue. It was configured for a war of national survival, which meant it had a rather binary position: It could do nothing, or it could mobilise to a total war economy and go all-in on invading Germany. There was no middle option. The re-militarisation of the Rhineland was the first decision-point on this, and understandably enough given the institutional memory of France of 20 years prior, they decided it wasn't worth another round.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,059 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    Maybe we should change the thread title to "Why isn't American neutrality criticized more than Ireland's"

    Maybe if the British weren't so weak in agreeing to let the Germans re-arm then it would all be moot.

    Rather than hold those with the actual ultimate responsibility (the terms of the Treaty Of Versailles) to account it's easier to blame those caught in the middle when it all goes up in flames.

    Not the first or last time that has or will happen.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2, Paid Member Posts: 4,303 ✭✭✭Cyclingtourist


    On Aiken's U.S. visit to still officially neutral America in March/April 1941, it's clear even from his own official account that while he may have received a sympathetic reception from Irish-America he got a much less sympathetic one from FDR and his administration's officials.

    Whatever the truth about the WH meeting it's pretty clear FDR wasn't receptive to talk of Britain invading Éire. Aiken probably wasn't the best choice for such a mission.

    Memorandum by Aiken - Documents on Irish Foreign Policy - Volume 7 - 05/08/1941



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,059 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    There is a perception here too that FDR and the US are above criticism,

    If FDR was 'firing knives' around at a diplomatic meeting, then he was totally out of order.

    Of course he probably wasn't, and that anecdote grew legs as time went on ( Brennan doesn't mention it in his first report) and like most diplomatic meetings each side got some of what they wanted but not all.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    I did not tell any bare faced lies or backtrack. It is quite clear Aiken went to America to buy arms. The UK was not happy about any independent sales to the Irish, for any number of reasons. I do not care what assurances Aiken or Dev gave that they would not be used to attack N. Ireland or the UK, that did not wash with the Americans at the time, and for whatever reason, the US war department was with the British on this. Hence the Americas refused to sell Aiken arms. Quote: "The President said 'that means you have not convinced the State Department that this material would not be used to attack England'. "

    Roosevelt at the meeting in 1941, before America even joined the war, wanted Ireland to patrol out to 50 miles out, to help deter and fight the German threat. America was doing that out to 300 miles out.

    I wrote: One thing for Roosevelt though, he was proved right when in 1941 he went on "to talk of the dire consequences that would come to Ireland in the event of a German victory.

    You replied to me : "How was he proved right when there was no German victory?"

    There was a German victory - some some years at least,or period of time - in the countries Hitler invaded, including 7 neutral countries. Ask the Jews or handicapped or communists in the likes of Holland or Denmark or Poland how they fared under Nazi occupation, or the slave workers in mines or factories in Nazi occupied countries?



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,059 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    I did not tell any bare faced lies or backtrack.

    You have not (even though requested several times) produced back up for several claims:

    1. The existence of an extradition request for Hempel.

    2. Evidence of a refusal to extradite

    3. A grant of asylum for Hempel

    4. A quote of FDR saying 'he did not trust him' (Aiken)

    That is just a few.

    If you cannot produce verification then the above are willful mistruths



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    After first meeting other officials in the States, Aiken was expectantly kept waiting 2 weeks in the States for his meeting with Roosevelt, after Roosevelt cancelled their scheduled meeting because he was leaving Washington for a fishing trip "for a week or ten days" lol.

    There were foreign office reports and FBI investigations that confirmed Aiken was not only anti-British was actually wanted a German victory.

    You can read it all here.

    https://www.persee.fr/doc/irlan_0183-973x_1994_num_19_1_1201

    Not surprising therefore when Aiken eventually did meet Roosevelt, the U.S. President interrupted Aiken to say that he believed in being perfectly frank. He said 'you are reported as having said that the Irish had nothing to fear from a German victory'. Of course Aiken, whose mission was to buy guns, denied he was of that opinion. Aiken must have taken the American government for fools.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,059 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    If you take on board what that implies -that Dev was in cahoots or support of Germany for a UI goal, then you have to come to the conclusion that he played them and was helping out the Allies as well.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,125 ✭✭✭adaminho


    Still waiting on a source for this also!

    President Franklin D. Roosevelt publicly clarified that Ireland could only obtain munitions and weapons if they abandoned their neutrality and joined the Allies.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    Noything was mentioned about a U.I. in the link. Did you not read it? If Hitler had complete control of these islands ( Hitler already invaded 7 neutral countries in Europe, sent minorities there to extermination camps ) etc, it is quite chilling that all you would be worried about is if there would be a U.I. or not.



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,059 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    Noything was mentioned about a U.I. in the link. 

    eh?

    Did you not read your own link???


    This paper argues that the Aiken mission should be seen in the context
    of de Valera's wartime diplomacy in pursuit of the achievement of Irish
    national aspirations,

    Ireland' s opportunity » .
    Against this background of military catastrophe, the threat of imminent
    German invasion and impending naval disaster, the British Government
    did indeed offer Eire an end to partition in June 1940, but in exchange for
    the use of the Irish Treaty ports in the Battle of the Atlantic. This would
    have reasserted British influence in Eire, and accordingly was rejected by
    de Valera, who chose to keep to the policy of neutrality, thus apparently
    putting it above his aspiration of Irish unity

    But there were other reasons
    behind his rejection of the British offer ; principal among these lay the belief
    that Britain's collapse was only a matter of time (a belief held by many in
    the summer of 1940, including Kennedy, the American Ambassador to
    Britain), and assurances from Germany. Hempel the German Minister, had
    been empowered to reassure de Valera that «...our sole objective in the
    struggle was England. We believed that Ireland, whose enemy through history
    was known to be England, was fully aware that the outcome of this struggle
    would also be of decisive importance for the Irish nation and the final
    realisation of its national demands. . . » (3). Coupled with this were assurances
    that Ireland would have nothing to fear from a German victory : « as long
    as Ireland conducts herself in a neutral fashion it can be counted on with
    absolute certainty that Germany would respect her neutrality
    unconditionally» (4). Confident in the imminent collapse of Britain, de Valera
    therefore anticipated that Ireland, at last totally free of British influence,
    would be reunited on his terms. All that he had to do was to ensure that
    Eire kept out of the conflict. But de Valera's refusal of the British offer meant
    that the reunification which he sought was likely to be secured only as a
    result of a German victory.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,059 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    @adaminho As I said, loads of unbacked up claims.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,125 ✭✭✭adaminho


    When asked on American radio about the offer of unity in return for entering the war, he replied, 'most certainly not. We want union and sovereignty, not union and slavery'.

    Aikens response to the offer of a UI.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    Seems to have been very confused, the Atkins fellow. That is why he was dismissed from the meeting with Roosevelt, with Roosevelt losing his temper with him, throwing knives and cutlery etc. Atkins may have said "We want union and sovereignty, not union and slavery", but if there was an invasion by Germany then slavery is definitely what we would have got. Ask anyone from the other 7 neutral countries in Europe invaded by the Nazis.

    Ask the Jews or handicapped or communists in the likes of Holland or Denmark or Poland how they fared under Nazi occupation, or the slave workers in mines or factories in Nazi occupied countries?



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    The link confirms that Britain did offer Irish unity, but in return the Allies wanted the Irish treaty ports returned, which Britain had given Ireland in 1938. See 2nd paragraph top of page 2.

    https://www.persee.fr/doc/irlan_0183-973x_1994_num_19_1_1201

    If the Nazis invaded, would you still have welcomed that if Ireland's Jews, handicapped, communists etc were led away to extermination camps, same as happened in the other neutral countries Hitler invaded?

    Do you not think Roosevelt was right to lecture Aiken on what a German invasion would mean?



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,125 ✭✭✭adaminho


    Purposely misusing his name now? Are you 5?

    You keep bringing up the meeting with FDR and leaving out the bit that proves you're wrong!

    Mr. Aiken, standing, asked the President whether we could say that he (the President) sympathised with Ireland's stand against aggression. The President replied 'against German aggression'. Mr. Aiken said 'or British aggression'. The President said 'Nonsense, you don't fear an attack from England. England is not going to attack you. It's a preposterous suggestion.' Mr. Aiken said why did the British refuse to give us a specific undertaking on this point when they were asked to. The President said 'It is absurd nonsense, ridiculous nonsense. Why, Churchill would never do anything of that kind. I wouldn't mind saying it to him myself.' Mr. Aiken said 'Will you do this, Mr. President'. He said 'I certainly will. I'll ask Churchill myself.' Mr. Aiken then said 'Would you give an instruction, Mr. President, that we get a definite yes or no on the matter of supplies within a few days'. He said 'I will do that.' We then withdrew, the interview having lasted from 12.30 to 1.45.

    Your post are pure waffle filled with selective editing! I've constantly shown you the full quote but you keep only showing parts that you "think" prove your point! You are posting in a dishonest manner so either start telling the truth or spin your lies elsewhere!



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,059 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    Germany didn't invade nor did the British.

    I'm happy about how we played the hand of cards we had.

    I would be against the oppression of colonists whosoever they might be.

    Would you be though?



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 15,785 ✭✭✭✭Red Silurian


    We were a new-ish country just after coming through a fairly brutal civil war. I'm sure much of the planet can understand why we didn't want to get involved in WW2. Spain certainly understands



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 81,059 ✭✭✭✭FrancieBrady


    By 1946 when the US and UK approved our place at the UN it's safe they too understood even if they may have disagreed.



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,540 ✭✭✭Francis McM


    A typo, but you miss the point. The FBI, UK and Roosevelt all knew that Aiken was not only anti-British but would have welcomed a German invasion.

    You can read it all here.

    https://www.persee.fr/doc/irlan_0183-973x_1994_num_19_1_1201

    If the Nazis invaded, would you still have welcomed that if Ireland's Jews, handicapped, communists etc were led away to extermination camps, same as happened in the other neutral countries Hitler invaded? And if the Nazis used slaves in factories, mines etc here as happened elsewhere?



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