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Irish weather station info thread
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07-07-2018 10:42pm#1
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I took a few photos of the various weather instrumentation at Dublin Airport yesterday. There are two 10-metre anemometers, the main one is located midfield, south of the main runway, but I notice a new one further east, at the touchdown zone of R28. It's beside the Glidescope antenna array and therefore probably used by the tower when issuing landing clearances on that runway (I assume).
At the midpoint of the runway there is another RVR sensor array with its own automatic weather station and 2-metre anemometer. These would most likely be part of the RVR system and used as a more precise indicator of conditions right at that point.
https://farm1.staticflickr.com/925/41447348560_081dc8fb3c_z.jpg
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1823/41447329270_8b2b2ed25f_z.jpg
https://farm1.staticflickr.com/924/41447357080_5719149f92_z.jpg0 -
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The Irish Aviation Authority have this Excel file of temperature data for all airports/airfields in the country, based on both actual data measurements (where available) and interpolated values.
Max and min refer to the average max and min of the warmest and coldest month, respectively, for the period 2015-2019. Casement's Min actually came in 0.1 lower than Dublin Airport (1.4 v 1.5 C).The temperatures are calculated as follows: For each of the past 5 years (2015-2019), for each location, the month with the lowest mean Max and Min was obtained and averaged. For locations with climate stations (Dublin, Shannon, Cork, Knock and Casement) the actual measurements were used, for other locations the temperatures were interpolated from 1km Max/Min temperature grids derived using all available observations for each month. Max and min temperature refer to the 0900 to 0900 period.
https://www.iaa.ie/commercial-aviation/airspace/aeronautical-data
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I've generated this chart of the distance pairs between the sensor enclosures of all the Met Éireann stations and regional airports (in km). It's not such a small island after all, with 455 km between the two most distant stations (Malin Head and Sherkin Island).
Most central station: Gurteen (average 131.2 km from other stations)
Most remote station: Malin Head (average 249.9 km from other stations)
Average station separation: 173.4 km
Closest stations:
1. Dublin Airport <-> Phoenix Park (7.3 km)
2. Casement <-> Phoenix Park (8.9 km)
3. Markree Castle <-> Sligo Airport (14.3 km)
Most distant stations:
1. Malin Head <-> Sherkin Island (455 km)
2. Malin Head <-> Valentia (427 km)
3. Donegal Airport <-> Sherkin Island (403 km)
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Gaoth Laidir wrote: »I've generated this chart of the distance pairs between the sensor enclosures of all the Met Éireann stations and regional airports (in km). It's not such a small island after all, with 455 km between the two most distant stations (Malin Head and Sherkin Island).
Most central station: Gurteen (average 131.2 km from other stations)
Most remote station: Malin Head (average 249.9 km from other stations)
Average station separation: 173.4 km
Closest stations:
1. Dublin Airport <-> Phoenix Park (7.3 km)
2. Casement <-> Phoenix Park (8.9 km)
3. Markree Castle <-> Sligo Airport (14.3 km)
Most distant stations:
1. Malin Head <-> Sherkin Island (455 km)
2. Malin Head <-> Valentia (427 km)
3. Donegal Airport <-> Sherkin Island (403 km)
Some of the distances are confusing. From Shannon Airport it states 185 KM to Belmullet and 218 Km to Claremorris. From Claremorris it states it is 218km to both Roche’s Point and Shannon Airport. There maybe more errors on this table with regards to distances between weather stations.0 -
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A weird observation on the Newport, Co. Mayo station. It is sited in slightly raised ground to the back (north) of the Marine Institute buildings, however that seems to be just the wind mast and precipitation pits (A below). The Stevenson screen seems to be located in a residential driveway around 90 metres to the east (B). Zooming in on Streetview shows this to be an awful site for a temperature sensor. Sitting on a tarmac driveway, close to larger bushes and trees. If this is the actual screen of the Newport station then it's more ridiculous than Shannon. Anyone able to confirm if this is really the same screen?
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Maybe that's actually the old climate station that's there since 1959. Met.ie's photo below shows the wind and precipitation site but doesn't show any temperature sensor there (doesn't mean it's not there, just not in the photo...). I see the radiation sensor alright.
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Met Éireann have two stations listed as Newport Furnace on their Historical Data page; the main automated one in the hourly reports (with data starting from 2005) and the climate one (data since 1959). I compared the data for both stations (Auto and Clim) from 22 Feb 2005 to 31 Nov 2021 and filtered out the top twenty-six Maximum Temperature values of the whole set to see which station tends to read higher on the hottest days.
In pretty much all cases (25 out of 26 shown below) the Climate station read the same or higher, with an average bias of 0.6 degrees, but in 11 cases it was 1 degree or more higher. If that station in the driveway above is in fact the original climate station then it really does call into question the quality of some of our long-term climate datasets.
Over the whole dataset for all weathers, the climate station seems to be reading higher than the Auto (green) more times than not (red). Bars=Climate-Auto.
Overall, these are the average daily max and min values for the whole dataset.
Average daily max:
Auto: 13.60 C
Climate: 13.88 C
Average daily min:
Auto: 7.42 C
Climate: 7.85 C
Post edited by Gaoth Laidir on1 -
And just to close it out, here is a close-up of the climate station sitting over a gravel surface. The Marine Institute confirm on their Facebook page that it's the original climate station
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There was some discussion recently about the location of the Dublin Airport station now in relation to historically. Looking at the older OSI aerial imagery from back to 1995 nicely showed exactly where the previous sensor enclosure was located.
Up to 2004-06 it was exactly 2.23 km ENE of the current one, on open ground south of the control tower, and 130 m from the old runway 05/23. Some time shortly after 2006 it was relocated to its current location to make way for the construction of the new West Apron. I don't know of any station in the world that has had a station-relocation of 2.2 km, especially one that's not far from a coast and has now moved 25% further inland. It was 9.5 km from the nearest coast, now it's 11.7 km.
2004-2006
2006+
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There are two "Phoenix Park" stations listed in the Met Éireann Historical Data section, one from 1829-2003 and the other from 2003+. Both have slightly different exact coordinates, with the former's showing near one of the oldest buildings on the site (as per the OSI.ie historical maps). Strangely, only the 2003+ data are available to download.
I assume the two different coordinates is an error? I think the station has been in the same place throughout its lifetime. The first set of coordinates doesn't seem to be a likely site, and the 1995 and 1999-2003 OSI aerial imagery both show a station in the current location (second set of coordinates, yellow arrow).
Incidentally, you can see that 40 m x 40 m building popping up 13 m from the station within the that same timeframe 1995-2003.
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