Advertisement
If you have a new account but are having problems posting or verifying your account, please email us on hello@boards.ie for help. Thanks :)
Hello all! Please ensure that you are posting a new thread or question in the appropriate forum. The Feedback forum is overwhelmed with questions that are having to be moved elsewhere. If you need help to verify your account contact hello@boards.ie
Hi there,
There is an issue with role permissions that is being worked on at the moment.
If you are having trouble with access or permissions on regional forums please post here to get access: https://www.boards.ie/discussion/2058365403/you-do-not-have-permission-for-that#latest

Number of cyclists in ireland

  • 21-11-2016 3:22pm
    #1
    Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 935 ✭✭✭


    Just wondering if anyone could point out some good stats on the current number of cyclists in Ireland?


«1

Comments

  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 489 ✭✭benneca1


    Roadhawk wrote: »
    Just wondering if anyone could point out some good stats on the current number of cyclists in Ireland?

    Cycling Ireland have 22 K members at least thats a start how many others no idea. 2011 census showed about 40 K cycling to work.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 27,833 ✭✭✭✭ThisRegard


    What defines a cyclist?

    An easy start would be to look at the last census and start with the number of under 18 year olds in the country, and keep adding to that.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 31,218 ✭✭✭✭Lumen


    QNHS Sport and Physical Exercise Quarter 2 2013
    http://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/er/q-sp/qsp2013q02/

    "Nearly 4 in 10 (37.8%) persons participate in sport and/or other physical activity (excluding walking). See table 1a and headline table. The top three sports are individual sports, rather than team sports - aerobics/keep fit/gym (the main sport of 19.2% of persons), followed by swimming (14.2%) and then cycling (13.6%)."

    So I make that 13.6% of 37.8% = 5.14% of the persons aged 15 years and over (3.6m people in 2013).

    Or about 184k cyclists in 2013, probably 187k now.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 890 ✭✭✭brocbrocach


    Seemingly CI have 60,000 on their books, 28,000 current members
    http://www.stickybottle.com/latest-news/cycling-ireland-golden-age-of-growth-comes-to-abrupt-halt/

    Of course the vast majority of cyclists don't have any dealings with CI or would even associate themselves with such a body. As said above most under 18s cycle a bike as well as any number of random people who cycle bikes.

    What hate-filled diatribe do you have lined up this time?


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 724 ✭✭✭JK.BMC


    benneca1 wrote: »
    Cycling Ireland have 22 K members at least thats a start how many others no idea. 2011 census showed about 40 K cycling to work.

    Cycling Ireland has over 28000 members as of the recent AGM; the 22000 you quote equates to the non-competitive/leisure licence holders in the main.

    Cycling is a sport too!


  • Advertisement
  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,991 ✭✭✭PeadarCo


    Roadhawk wrote:
    Just wondering if anyone could point out some good stats on the current number of cyclists in Ireland?

    To a degree its like asking how long a piece of string is. There's no nailed down definition of a cyclist. Cycling Ireland's membership is around 28k. But they have in the region of 60k people on their database. The difference representing lapsed members. You'd also have to factor in other bodies like the Irish veterans cycling association. Even at that your just looking a sub set of people who are prepared to join a national body. Some of these memberships can and will overlap.

    You then can look at numbers commuting but even the accuracy of the various reports can be questioned due the inherent limitations of the different survey methods. I'd argue casual cyclists far out wiegh the number of people who would be more sports oriented. I say at least some of people I'd see out on the bike wouldn't even consider themselves "cyclists".

    There's no definite answer because your looking at a population with ages ranging from 2/3 years old plus and who use bikes for a whole load of reasons.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 31,218 ✭✭✭✭Lumen


    What hate-filled diatribe do you have lined up this time?
    Capacity planning for a pogrom? I know we've a few under-utilised rail lines.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 15,704 ✭✭✭✭RayCun


    How often do you have to cycle to count as a cyclist?
    Most days?
    Once a week?
    Once or twice a month?
    Have a bike in the shed that might get dragged out in the summer, if it doesn't have a puncture?


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 935 ✭✭✭Roadhawk


    I see what you mean...defining a cyclist...

    Im trying to get a rough picture of how many cyclists there are that use the roads on a daily or weekly basis. anything after that could really be considered as a seasonal cyclists.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 6,561 ✭✭✭Eamonnator


    What about triathletes?, some of them think that they're cyclists


  • Advertisement
  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 31,218 ✭✭✭✭Lumen




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 935 ✭✭✭Roadhawk


    Lumen wrote: »

    No its not related to that.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,991 ✭✭✭PeadarCo


    Roadhawk wrote:
    Im trying to get a rough picture of how many cyclists there are that use the roads on a daily or weekly basis. anything after that could really be considered as a seasonal cyclists.

    Could you explain why you want the amount? If people know why you want the information they could point you towards a better definition that would suit your needs. As I mentioned in my previous post its a very vague question given the information that's available.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 724 ✭✭✭JK.BMC


    Roadhawk wrote: »
    No its not related to that.

    Well- what?

    'Yer honour, I was lying in the hammock one afternoon and this random bike- related thought came into my mind. So m'lord I just happened to type it on the Internet to see what wud happen.'

    And then they didn't pay road tax and ysddayadda yay happened....


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,137 ✭✭✭buffalo


    Lumen wrote: »

    Well if the Ballybrophy line means the Govt is willing to pay out €550 per passenger, that means for a €1b investment in cycling infrastructure, we need about 1.8m on their bikes.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 31,218 ✭✭✭✭Lumen


    buffalo wrote: »
    Well if the Ballybrophy line means the Govt is willing to pay out €550 per passenger, that means for a €1b investment in cycling infrastructure, we need about 1.8m on their bikes.
    €550 per passenger journey.

    There are a million-ish journeys on Dublin bikes alone, per year.

    Also, 1bn was over 5 years, typical misrepresentation by the Indo not corrected by the OP.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 935 ✭✭✭Roadhawk


    PeadarCo wrote: »
    Could you explain why you want the amount? If people know why you want the information they could point you towards a better definition that would suit your needs. As I mentioned in my previous post its a very vague question given the information that's available.

    Im trying to figure out what the ratio of cyclists are killed to how many cyclists there are.

    Example:
    As in, there are 1,985,130 private motorists with 125 deaths in 2015 so thats 1 in every 15,881 motorists...that kind of thing.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 4,457 ✭✭✭ford2600


    http://irishcycle.com/collisions/

    You'll notice a downward trend.

    The one fundamental driver of increased cyclist safety (from other studies which "tomasrojo will no doubt link to!) is increased cyclists; not helmets, high vis etc etc


  • Moderators, Category Moderators, Arts Moderators, Sports Moderators Posts: 50,860 CMod ✭✭✭✭magicbastarder


    Roadhawk wrote: »
    Im trying to figure out what the ratio of cyclists are killed to how many cyclists there are.

    Example:
    As in, there are 1,985,130 private motorists with 125 deaths in 2015 so thats 1 in every 15,881 motorists...that kind of thing.
    might be more meaningful to try to phrase it as an 'how many deaths per million kilometres' or per million hours travelling. though you would be extremely hard pushed to get accurate figures on that.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 25,038 ✭✭✭✭Wishbone Ash


    Roadhawk wrote: »
    Im trying to figure out what the ratio of cyclists are killed to how many cyclists there are.

    Example:
    As in, there are 1,985,130 private motorists with 125 deaths in 2015 so thats 1 in every 15,881 motorists...that kind of thing.
    How is a 'private' motorist determined? Most adult cyclists are motorists but very few motorists are cyclists. Similarly, almost all commercial drivers such as van, bus and truck drivers are also private motorists as are most drivers of agricultural vehicles and a large portion of motorcyclists.


  • Advertisement
  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,991 ✭✭✭PeadarCo


    Roadhawk wrote:
    Im trying to figure out what the ratio of cyclists are killed to how many cyclists there are.

    Why are you interested in the figure? What's the context?


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 724 ✭✭✭JK.BMC


    Roadhawk wrote: »
    Im trying to figure out what the ratio of cyclists are killed to how many cyclists there are.

    Example:
    As in, there are 1,985,130 private motorists with 125 deaths in 2015 so thats 1 in every 15,881 motorists...that kind of thing.

    Is this Project Maths for the Leaving Cert? The honours course perhaps...

    How many loose chopping per square metre are needed to cause a regular windscreen to smash while traveling in wet weather at 50kmh-type-of-thing????


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,309 ✭✭✭07Lapierre


    How many cyclists in Ireland?
    Answer: Not nearly enough! :)


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 27,833 ✭✭✭✭ThisRegard


    07Lapierre wrote: »
    How many cyclists in Ireland?
    Answer: Not nearly enough! :)

    Well based on the thread starter and their history, his answer will be Too many.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 11,848 ✭✭✭✭tomasrojo


    If you're looking to compare how risky cycling is compared to driving, the usual metric is Killed or Seriously Injured per billion kilometres travelled, or per million hours travelled. Something like that. Driving has somewhat lower KSI rates when expressed per hour, and a good bit lower when expressed per km. If you're looking at the risk of dying on the road during your lifetime, the per-hour rate is probably more relevant, as, with a few exceptions among posters here, most people aren't going to cycle the distances motorists clock up per lifetime, but they might well spend as much time cycling as motorists spend behind the wheel.

    David Spiegelhalter was talking about the UK risk, and he said that the risk of cycling relative to driving was about the same as non-motorway driving compared to motorway driving. He said that since most people don't feel they're entering a high-risk zone when they leave the motorway in their car, there was no particular reason to feel that cycling was unacceptably risky. I might be misreporting him there, as this is from memory. It was on an episode of More or Less on BBC Radio 4.

    Also, in the bigger picture, frequent cyclists live longer on average than frequent motorists, because the real risk (on average) is inactivity.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 11,848 ✭✭✭✭tomasrojo


    (I don't have the relevant KSI figures for Ireland. If I get a chance tomorrow, I might try to find them.)


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,309 ✭✭✭07Lapierre


    ThisRegard wrote: »
    Well based on the thread starter and their history, his answer will be Too many.

    Actually I thought the OP was trying to suggest that the number of cyclists is so small that the idea of spending 1 billion euro (over 5 years) was a bad investment


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 27,833 ✭✭✭✭ThisRegard


    07Lapierre wrote: »
    Actually I thought the OP was trying to suggest that the number of cyclists is so small that the idea of spending 1 billion euro (over 5 years) was a bad investment

    Yeah, I figure myself it's along those lines.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 3,129 ✭✭✭coolbeans


    Roadhawk has a badly disguised hatred of cyclists. Look to after hours for proof. Don't know why he keeps trying to engage to be honest. He's been at it for a year now and still doesn't seem to have learned anything except how to seem a little less disingenuous, but this is only a veil.


  • Advertisement
  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 13,604 ✭✭✭✭ArmaniJeanss


    Roadhawk wrote: »
    Im trying to figure out what the ratio of cyclists are killed to how many cyclists there are.

    Example:
    As in, there are 1,985,130 private motorists with 125 deaths in 2015 so thats 1 in every 15,881 motorists...that kind of thing.

    I pointed out to you in one of your other threads that this figure is the number of private cars, not the number of motorists, but here you are using it again.
    Presumably for the sake of balance you will count bicycles and not just mere cyclists in your figures.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 7,769 ✭✭✭Pinch Flat


    I think the OP needs to take up a hobby. The obsession with cyclists can't be healthy.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 2,196 ✭✭✭Fian


    I pointed out to you in one of your other threads that this figure is the number of private cars, not the number of motorists, but here you are using it again.
    Presumably for the sake of balance you will count bicycles and not just mere cyclists in your figures.

    Well, in fairness owning multiple bikes as a cyclist is obviously many times more common than a single motorist owning multiple cars. Number of cars probably understates the number of motorists (in my house for example my wife and I run one car), number of bikes would overstate the number of cyclists.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 935 ✭✭✭Roadhawk


    ford2600 wrote: »
    http://irishcycle.com/collisions/

    You'll notice a downward trend.

    The one fundamental driver of increased cyclist safety (from other studies which "tomasrojo will no doubt link to!) is increased cyclists; not helmets, high vis etc etc

    That downward trend started from the 1980s when there were a lot more cyclists recorded than there are now (and less cars). So ultimately, more cyclists and more deaths. Realistically the increase in the number of cyclists only started in 2011 but the fatality rate has not jumped up in relation to the number of cyclists.

    I do understand the concept of higher numbers of cyclists= higher awareness = fewer accidents. Could the same be said about cars?...the number of private cars (and other vehicles) have increased since the 1980s yet the number of accidents and fatalities have significantly decreased.

    Page 9 shows transport model share:
    http://www.rte.ie/documents/news/censuscommute.pdf

    RTAs and fatalities:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_road_traffic_accidents_deaths_in_Republic_of_Ireland_by_year


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 935 ✭✭✭Roadhawk


    How is a 'private' motorist determined? Most adult cyclists are motorists but very few motorists are cyclists. Similarly, almost all commercial drivers such as van, bus and truck drivers are also private motorists as are most drivers of agricultural vehicles and a large portion of motorcyclists.

    I had taken the figure from the following:

    http://www.dttas.ie/press-releases/2015/bulletin-vehicle-and-driver-statistics

    It counts all currently taxed vehicles.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,461 ✭✭✭mcgratheoin


    tomasrojo wrote: »
    If you're looking to compare how risky cycling is compared to driving, the usual metric is Killed or Seriously Injured per billion kilometres travelled, or per million hours travelled. Something like that.

    It's also important to include in your discussion all relevant metrics and measurements. As tomasrojo mentions, the metric can be per km or per hour or also per journey. It's something that frequently crops up when discussing safety in air travel as the distances are much longer than other modes of transport so you get very different figures if you use km or number of journeys as the denominator.


  • Advertisement
  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 11,848 ✭✭✭✭tomasrojo


    Roadhawk wrote: »
    I do understand the concept of higher numbers of cyclists= higher awareness = fewer accidents. Could the same be said about cars?...the number of private cars (and other vehicles) have increased since the 1980s yet the number of accidents and fatalities have significantly decreased.

    Yes. A decline in mortality as number of motorised vehicles increase has been noted everywhere. As a society begins to adopt mass motorisation, there is a bloodbath; then social adaptation kicks in, and people stop casually crossing roads, letting their children play unattended in the street, and so on (obviously safety interventions come into it as well).

    It's (partly) Smeed's Law.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 935 ✭✭✭Roadhawk


    PeadarCo wrote: »
    Why are you interested in the figure? What's the context?

    Just for a dissertation.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 31,218 ✭✭✭✭Lumen


    Roadhawk wrote: »
    I do understand the concept of higher numbers of cyclists= higher awareness = fewer accidents. Could the same be said about cars?...the number of private cars (and other vehicles) have increased since the 1980s yet the number of accidents and fatalities have significantly decreased.
    Motor vehicle fatalities have decreased due to improvements in vehicle engineering, road design (particularly more motorways) and probably healthcare. edit: and probably less drink driving.

    Not very useful to cyclists since we can't use motorways and don't sit in crash structures. But despite that, cycling is very safe.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 11,848 ✭✭✭✭tomasrojo


    It's also important to include in your discussion all relevant metrics and measurements. As tomasrojo mentions, the metric can be per km or per hour or also per journey. It's something that frequently crops up when discussing safety in air travel as the distances are much longer than other modes of transport so you get very different figures if you use km or number of journeys as the denominator.

    And the early Soviet space programme looks pretty safe expressed per km, and not at all per journey!


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 11,848 ✭✭✭✭tomasrojo


    Lumen wrote: »
    Motor vehicle fatalities have decreased due to improvements in vehicle engineering, road design (particularly more motorways) and probably healthcare. edit: and probably less drink driving.

    Not very useful to cyclists since we can't use motorways and don't sit in crash structures. But despite that, cycling is very safe.

    I did read somewhere that people bleed to death after collisions a lot less often now. So that would benefit cyclists too.


  • Advertisement
  • Moderators, Politics Moderators, Sports Moderators Posts: 24,269 Mod ✭✭✭✭Chips Lovell


    What hate-filled diatribe do you have lined up this time?
    Lumen wrote: »
    Capacity planning for a pogrom? I know we've a few under-utilised rail lines.
    JK.BMC wrote: »
    Is this Project Maths for the Leaving Cert? The honours course perhaps...
    ThisRegard wrote: »
    Well based on the thread starter and their history, his answer will be Too many.
    Deedsie wrote: »
    I would wager it won't be the last time he gets something wrong when it comes to cyclists.
    coolbeans wrote: »
    Roadhawk has a badly disguised hatred of cyclists. Look to after hours for proof. Don't know why he keeps trying to engage to be honest. He's been at it for a year now and still doesn't seem to have learned anything except how to seem a little less disingenuous, but this is only a veil.

    The next person who posts something bashing the OP will get the moderational equivalent of a boot up the the hole.

    If you don't like what someone posts, ignore them or report their posts if you feel they break the forum charter.

    Thank you


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 4,457 ✭✭✭ford2600


    Roadhawk wrote: »
    I do understand the concept of higher numbers of cyclists= higher awareness = fewer accidents. Could the same be said about cars?...the number of private cars (and other vehicles) have increased since the 1980s yet the number of accidents and fatalities have significantly decreased.
    QUOTE]

    I suppose the drop in road deaths could be due to more cars on road and not
    * improvement in road quality, from motorway construction to a centralized expert body (NRA) and their standardizing of construction methods, signage, surface materials
    * NRA policy of performing scrim testing annually on national roads, primary and secondary
    * NRA safety team who assess every fatal accident to establish if road/signage etc had a role in accident and what can be learned
    *paradigm shift on attitudes to drink driving/seat belt wearing
    * establishment of national testing on cars
    * Custodial sentences on some drivers who's action cause deaths
    *increased Garda enforcement and penalty point systems
    * safety cameras
    *richer economy and better quality cars and the almost countless improvements in seat belt design(pretensionsers etc), airbags, etc

    I could go on but I think you get the point.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,779 ✭✭✭Carawaystick


    Roadhawk wrote: »
    That downward trend started from the 1980s when there were a lot more cyclists recorded than there are now (and less cars).

    Page 9 shows transport model share:
    http://www.rte.ie/documents/news/censuscommute.pdf
    The document uses the census as a source, but the census only included commuting journeys, not leisure, or non commuting cycling trips, such as to the shops etc.
    The census question excluded cycling where it is part of a mixed mode commute, such as a cycle to a station, or a park and ride (literally) commute.
    census Q17 wrote:
    How do you usually travel to work, school or college?



  • Moderators, Category Moderators, Arts Moderators, Sports Moderators Posts: 50,860 CMod ✭✭✭✭magicbastarder


    It's also important to include in your discussion all relevant metrics and measurements. As tomasrojo mentions, the metric can be per km or per hour or also per journey. It's something that frequently crops up when discussing safety in air travel as the distances are much longer than other modes of transport so you get very different figures if you use km or number of journeys as the denominator.
    possibly worth including as a metric the measurement of health benefits of cycling - i've seen figures as diverse as a factor of 10 or factor of 70 mentioned in the benefit-to-risk ratio of cycling.
    as in, it's 'safer' health wise to cycle than to not engage in the exercise, and by quite a large margin.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,309 ✭✭✭07Lapierre


    ford2600 wrote: »
    Roadhawk wrote: »
    I do understand the concept of higher numbers of cyclists= higher awareness = fewer accidents. Could the same be said about cars?...the number of private cars (and other vehicles) have increased since the 1980s yet the number of accidents and fatalities have significantly decreased.
    QUOTE]

    I suppose the drop in road deaths could be due to more cars on road and not
    * improvement in road quality, from motorway construction to a centralized expert body (NRA) and their standardizing of construction methods, signage, surface materials
    * NRA policy of performing scrim testing annually on national roads, primary and secondary
    * NRA safety team who assess every fatal accident to establish if road/signage etc had a role in accident and what can be learned
    *paradigm shift on attitudes to drink driving/seat belt wearing
    * establishment of national testing on cars
    * Custodial sentences on some drivers who's action cause deaths
    *increased Garda enforcement and penalty point systems
    * safety cameras
    *richer economy and better quality cars and the almost countless improvements in seat belt design(pretensionsers etc), airbags, etc

    I could go on but I think you get the point.


    Not sure about that.

    Speeding is still a big problem here. IMO Improved car design (airbags, seat belts, crumple zones etc.) have had a huge impact (no pun intended) on reducing fatalities, as opposed to driver behavior.


  • Moderators, Category Moderators, Arts Moderators, Sports Moderators Posts: 50,860 CMod ✭✭✭✭magicbastarder


    off topic, but the new safety systems on cars makes driving an old one more dangerous in some ways than it was when new; as the newer cars are heavier and stiffer than old ones (from the perspective of crashing into them), they do more damage to old cars in a collision.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 4,457 ✭✭✭ford2600


    07Lapierre wrote: »
    ford2600 wrote: »


    Not sure about that.

    Speeding is still a big problem here. IMO Improved car design (airbags, seat belts, crumple zones etc.) have had a huge impact (no pun intended) on reducing fatalities, as opposed to driver behavior.

    It could be better but it's way better than it used to be.

    I'm 41 and can remember
    *being one of 9 in a mini
    * cars with 8/9 with impunity driving from pub to nighclub and home with no one on water
    * it being socially acceptable to say how quick you did a particular journey
    * unlit trailers being the norm

    again I could go on; but things have changed primarily due to the chance of being caught/jailed


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 935 ✭✭✭Roadhawk


    07Lapierre wrote: »
    ford2600 wrote: »
    Speeding is still a big problem here.

    I agree...speeding is clearly the highest recorded offense:

    http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=16418&Lang=1


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,309 ✭✭✭07Lapierre


    ford2600 wrote: »
    07Lapierre wrote: »

    It could be better but it's way better than it used to be.

    I'm 41 and can remember
    *being one of 9 in a mini
    * cars with 8/9 with impunity driving from pub to nighclub and home with no one on water
    * it being socially acceptable to say how quick you did a particular journey
    * unlit trailers being the norm

    again I could go on; but things have changed primarily due to the chance of being caught/jailed


    Yeah the goodoldays! :)

    Its just that cars have improved, cars are faster, roads are better (which encourages higher speed)..Drivers feel safer at speed.

    Older cars were slower, but fatalites were much higher because people didn't wear seatbelts, car interiors had sharp metal edges, no ABS Traction control and getting a license was much easier etc.

    IMO The reality nowadays is, if you get caught speeding, you were just unlucky!


  • Moderators, Category Moderators, Arts Moderators, Sports Moderators Posts: 50,860 CMod ✭✭✭✭magicbastarder


    07Lapierre wrote: »
    [Its just that cars have improved, cars are faster, roads are better (which encourages higher speed)..Drivers feel safer at speed.
    a rather visual demonstration of how much safer modern cars are; and this video is five or ten years old.


  • Advertisement
Advertisement