Advertisement
If you have a new account but are having problems posting or verifying your account, please email us on hello@boards.ie for help. Thanks :)
Hello all! Please ensure that you are posting a new thread or question in the appropriate forum. The Feedback forum is overwhelmed with questions that are having to be moved elsewhere. If you need help to verify your account contact hello@boards.ie
Hi there,
There is an issue with role permissions that is being worked on at the moment.
If you are having trouble with access or permissions on regional forums please post here to get access: https://www.boards.ie/discussion/2058365403/you-do-not-have-permission-for-that#latest

Cost of building a house in 2016/17

  • 14-03-2016 12:14pm
    #1
    Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8


    What would be the cost per sqm of building a house in 2016? Single story/Dormer style. It will be in the country (Offaly) on a flat site. As I am an architectural technologist there would be no Architects fees, I will be submitting the application myself. No BCAR.


«134

Comments

  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 40,351 Mod ✭✭✭✭Gumbo


    €1500 per Sq. M at least.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 27 Alpha99


    kceire wrote: »
    €1500 per Sq. M at least.

    That seems a lot... I would have thought that there are now cheaper options in terms of modular housing and prefabricated housing, and I would have thought technology would bring the costs of new builds down... but apparently not.

    Does anyone know how much roofing alone would cost. I have an old house, and the rafters are rotted to bits. I've had it patched, and I'm looking to have the whole roof replaced within the next few years. Would anyone be able to guide me on what I would be looking at for such a project in Dublin in 2016 per sq. m.

    Thank you all...


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 313 ✭✭MizMix


    Excluding prof fees we just received our prices in from contractors- 160 p square metre and this excludes kitchen, floor materials and sanitaryware. External paving etc will not be included- just the very basic outside. Granted we've a high spec house, high level of air tightness but prices came in higher than we (and our arch) thought.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 831 ✭✭✭who what when


    I would echo previous posters as someone who has recently been pricing up my own new build.
    If your going contractor route your looking at €1400 to €1600 per sm depending on size spec. etc.
    For direct labour €1000 to €1200.
    I'm afraid the days of building a house for half nothing (ie. €75 per sqft) are over.


  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 40,351 Mod ✭✭✭✭Gumbo


    MizMix wrote: »
    Excluding prof fees we just received our prices in from contractors- 160 p square metre and this excludes kitchen, floor materials and sanitaryware. External paving etc will not be included- just the very basic outside. Granted we've a high spec house, high level of air tightness but prices came in higher than we (and our arch) thought.

    Presume you mean €1600 per square meter?


  • Advertisement
  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,583 ✭✭✭kkelliher


    I'm afraid the days of building a house for half nothing (ie. €75 per sqft) are over.

    Did they ever exist? It was only when people had free labour or rates mates that anyone was achieving this level in the first place.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 4,396 ✭✭✭Tefral


    kceire wrote: »
    €1500 per Sq. M at least.

    I have to say i disagree with this. Its more like €1300/m2. We are rattling out about ten houses a week in our place and the tenders are coming in around 1200-1300 for the North Tipp region, so Offaly prices would be similar.


  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 40,351 Mod ✭✭✭✭Gumbo


    cronin_j wrote: »
    I have to say i disagree with this. Its more like €1300/m2. We are rattling out about ten houses a week in our place and the tenders are coming in around 1200-1300 for the North Tipp region, so Offaly prices would be similar.

    Dublin would be more expensive that the counties you have quoted. So ogress my quote would carry a premium over those counties.
    Sometimes €1500 per Sq. M doesn't even cover it.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 313 ✭✭MizMix


    kceire wrote: »
    Presume you mean €1600 per square meter?

    Yes ;) We're not in Dublin. I agree though our price is higher than average- it's not a straightforward build, lots of glazing etc


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 4 AMull123


    HI, Can anyone tell me how the builder prices, is it per sqm for the first floor and then he adds the sqm of the top floor as well.
    Thanks


  • Advertisement
  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 40,351 Mod ✭✭✭✭Gumbo


    AMull123 wrote: »
    HI, Can anyone tell me how the builder prices, is it per sqm for the first floor and then he adds the sqm of the top floor as well.
    Thanks

    Depends on the job.
    The quotes posted here are BALLPARK ESTIMATES and used to advised anonymous posters on the Internet a ballpark area that the build could be in.

    For example if you want to build a 40 Sq. M extension in Dublin and 60k is well out of budget then you know you have to reduces the floor plan or increase the budget. It's not designed for people to go and get accurate costings for a particular build.

    For a builder to quote he needs drawings for the most part.


  • Moderators, Home & Garden Moderators Posts: 10,146 Mod ✭✭✭✭BryanF


    AMull123 wrote: »
    HI, Can anyone tell me how the builder prices, is it per sqm for the first floor and then he adds the sqm of the top floor as well.
    Thanks

    Stop! don't spam multiple threads asking the same thing. welcome to boards btw please read the forum charter http://www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2055036302


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 45 Lulucas


    Looking for help.. Looking to build a bunglow on own site 1acre Laois area.... House is 3 bed about 1200sqft. What would the cost to build to finish be on this... Are u better to get a contractor or self build.. Thanks in advance


  • Moderators, Home & Garden Moderators Posts: 10,146 Mod ✭✭✭✭BryanF


    Lulucas wrote: »
    Looking for help.. Looking to build a bunglow on own site 1acre Laois area.... House is 3 bed about 1200sqft. What would the cost to build to finish be on this... Are u better to get a contractor or self build.. Thanks in advance
    contractor
    I suggest this based only on the post above where I'm not seeing any interest in spending the next two years / 18hrs a day, getting into the detail

    Best of luck


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 15 Builder Ben


    My 2cents from a self build-
    House size - 210m2
    Foundations - ran into problems and had to pile
    Spec: split level, concrete 1st floor slab, aluclad triple glazed windows, 200mm external wall insulation, uf heating and heat pump, built with passive Airtightness in mind (yet to be tested), 50m2 external cedar cladding

    Costs: has worked out at €1200/m2 finished to a reasonable spec (mid range good quality fixtures and fittings) including the council/ESB fees.

    I might just add that I have put a lot of blood, sweat and at times, close to tears into the build. It has taken 14 months and all my holidays and spare time has been devoted to the house.

    I could have had a builder in and possibly finished in 8 months, saving me €6600 in rent but for the level of finish that I have probably would have ended up more expensive.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 10 wex13


    My 2cents from a self build-
    House size - 210m2
    Foundations - ran into problems and had to pile
    Spec: split level, concrete 1st floor slab, aluclad triple glazed windows, 200mm external wall insulation, uf heating and heat pump, built with passive Airtightness in mind (yet to be tested), 50m2 external cedar cladding

    Costs: has worked out at €1200/m2 finished to a reasonable spec (mid range good quality fixtures and fittings) including the council/ESB fees.

    I might just add that I have put a lot of blood, sweat and at times, close to tears into the build. It has taken 14 months and all my holidays and spare time has been devoted to the house.

    I could have had a builder in and possibly finished in 8 months, saving me €6600 in rent but for the level of finish that I have probably would have ended up more expensive.

    Hi ben
    Sounds great. What part of the country did you build in, does your cost include architects fees and septic tank, and is it a straight foward 2 storey box? Sorry for all the questions!!


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,583 ✭✭✭kkelliher


    My 2cents from a self build-
    House size - 210m2
    Foundations - ran into problems and had to pile
    Spec: split level, concrete 1st floor slab, aluclad triple glazed windows, 200mm external wall insulation, uf heating and heat pump, built with passive Airtightness in mind (yet to be tested), 50m2 external cedar cladding

    Costs: has worked out at €1200/m2 finished to a reasonable spec (mid range good quality fixtures and fittings) including the council/ESB fees.

    I might just add that I have put a lot of blood, sweat and at times, close to tears into the build. It has taken 14 months and all my holidays and spare time has been devoted to the house.

    I could have had a builder in and possibly finished in 8 months, saving me €6600 in rent but for the level of finish that I have probably would have ended up more expensive.

    Many thanks for your post and it is always great to see clear and concise reality put into posts in terms of the time input. A great deal of people do not realise this at the outset and this is why it is not always a fair comparison between self build and contractor pricing. One way or another this time has a cost.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 701 ✭✭✭kilkenny31


    Hi Guys,

    Been reading through this thread and i was wondering if some one can help me. Currently in the middle of planning a house. The plan we have picked is a 2600-2700 sq ft h shaped bungalow with two A framed roofs. Some people have said that building a bungalow is a lot more expensive then building a two story of similar size. In the experience of people on here is that the case? I'm expecting an additional expense due to the bigger roof area and additional external walls. But some people have said were talking 10's of thousands more expensive. This is a house we love but we have to be realistic about finance.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 2,056 ✭✭✭gooner99


    kilkenny31 wrote: »
    Hi Guys,

    Been reading through this thread and i was wondering if some one can help me. Currently in the middle of planning a house. The plan we have picked is a 2600-2700 sq ft h shaped bungalow with two A framed roofs. Some people have said that building a bungalow is a lot more expensive then building a two story of similar size. In the experience of people on here is that the case? I'm expecting an additional expense due to the bigger roof area and additional external walls. But some people have said were talking 10's of thousands more expensive. This is a house we love but we have to be realistic about finance.

    I'd say in general you are probably right that the smaller footprint and roof of a two story reduces costs a bit. I'm not sure how much. If you had say a 150sqm rectangular bungalow with an approx footprint of 15m x 10m against a 150sqm rectangular 2 story with a approx footprint of 10m x 7.5m, what impact would it really have on price.

    I'm sure that each sqm of space whether up or down costs pretty much similar regardless.

    Another question is air-tightness and insulation. It might (not sure) be easier (possibly cheaper) to achieve this in a single story house.

    Be interesting to take that example above (assuming same number of rooms) and estimate the difference. There's lots to consider in a addition to the foundation and roof. Plumbing, electrics, heavier timbers (bison) to support the second floor, stairs, insulation, dormers, velux, excape windows, etc.

    Someone with construction experience will give a better reply.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 701 ✭✭✭kilkenny31


    gooner99 wrote: »
    I'd say in general you are probably right that the smaller footprint and roof of a two story reduces costs a bit. I'm not sure how much. If you had say a 150sqm rectangular bungalow with an approx footprint of 15m x 10m against a 150sqm rectangular 2 story with a approx footprint of 10m x 7.5m, what impact would it really have on price.

    I'm sure that each sqm of space whether up or down costs pretty much similar regardless.

    Another question is air-tightness and insulation. It might (not sure) be easier (possibly cheaper) to achieve this in a single story house.

    Be interesting to take that example above (assuming same number of rooms) and estimate the difference. There's lots to consider in a addition to the foundation and roof. Plumbing, electrics, heavier timbers (bison) to support the second floor, stairs, insulation, dormers, velux, excape windows, etc.

    Someone with construction experience will give a better reply.
    Thanks for your reply the house we have planned is essentialy two bungalows roughly 100 sq meters each and both are connected by a centre hallway to give a H shape. Would like it well insulated and sealed. The other option we were looking at is pretty much a rectangular two story with a hip roof around 250 sq meters.


  • Advertisement
  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 2,880 ✭✭✭MicktheMan


    kilkenny31 wrote: »
    Thanks for your reply the house we have planned is essentialy two bungalows roughly 100 sq meters each and both are connected by a centre hallway to give a H shape. Would like it well insulated and sealed. The other option we were looking at is pretty much a rectangular two story with a hip roof around 250 sq meters.

    Excluding construction costs for a minute, a "H" shaped house is one of the worst shapes you could have if you want an energy efficient design. And in a bungalow format, is worse again.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 2,056 ✭✭✭gooner99


    True. I'd say in the advent of low energy and passive houses a boring rectangular house is easiest to detail. Of course you can compensate with some nice window shapes and detailing.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 701 ✭✭✭kilkenny31


    Thanks for your reply micktheman. I didn't realise that. Do you think a box shaped two story with a hip roof could be built more energy efficient. We were thinking about something like this 09a8bc38-d036-4a83-b7c5-69801cc840ea_m.jpg


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 2,880 ✭✭✭MicktheMan


    Yes, the more compact the better.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 2,056 ✭✭✭gooner99


    Yep. I'd say most will echo that a 2 story rectangular box is the way to go. A good architect should also be abie to give you what you need is a moderate size. Remember every extra sqm will cost you. I remember someone saying that anyone can design a large house as they just need to move walls out and that It takes more skill to design everything you want in a smaller house. Good idea might be to get a bugetary quote or have a qs do a bugetary calculation prior to submitting planning. This won't give you 100% accurate pricing, but may give a good idea of what you can afford.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,175 ✭✭✭kieran.


    Cost Example from this week.

    LOCATION - North East Area

    Average to High specification for the building fabric
    Design complexity for both would be Medium
    1. 1606 sq ft 237k inc VAT 1588 per sq M
    2. 5218 sq ft 594k in VAT 1225 per sq M

    Exclusions
    Internal works
    • Tiling to floors and walls.
    • All painting and decorating.
    • Installation of all internal floors finishes ( Timber, carpet, lino etc)
    • All bedroom kitchen and utility units.
    External Works
    • New Entrance: Front piers, wing walls aco drains/cattle grid and gates.
    • Top soiling and seeding of gardens.
    • Kerbing and driveway finishes

    Connection Charges
    Development levies
    Professional fee etc.


  • Moderators, Home & Garden Moderators Posts: 10,146 Mod ✭✭✭✭BryanF


    5000sqft

    Why?

    Nursing home?


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 2,056 ✭✭✭gooner99


    McGregors new pad?


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,175 ✭✭✭kieran.


    BryanF wrote: »
    5000sqft

    Why?

    Nursing home?

    Guesthouse AKA a small hotel :D


  • Advertisement
  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,802 ✭✭✭the corpo


    Has there been a huge increase in tender quotes people are getting back? We've been tendering for a single story extension on a house in Dublin 16, and the quotes have been shocking, firstly for the disparity between them - the highest quotes are 50/60% higher than the lowest ones - and then even the lowest quote has been 2,600 per sqm. No gold plated jacuzzi's or anything in the plan...

    Maybe we've been just been very unlucky with the companies we've approached, how best to source a reputable list of contractors to approach?


  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 40,351 Mod ✭✭✭✭Gumbo


    the corpo wrote: »
    Has there been a huge increase in tender quotes people are getting back? We've been tendering for a single story extension on a house in Dublin 16, and the quotes have been shocking, firstly for the disparity between them - the highest quotes are 50/60% higher than the lowest ones - and then even the lowest quote has been 2,600 per sqm. No gold plated jacuzzi's or anything in the plan...

    Maybe we've been just been very unlucky with the companies we've approached, how best to source a reputable list of contractors to approach?

    Prices are on the up and up.
    My contractor cousins are pricing jobs 2 months before commencement and they have to add on a bit as they know that by the time they start, the materials will have risen ever so slightly.

    Most recent job in Dublin 20. 71 Sq. M single storey extension, wrap around the house, modern looking clean lines with triple galazing throughout and replacement triple glazing to existing house coming in at €2046 per square meter.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,802 ✭✭✭the corpo


    It's really disheartening, we thought we'd be having Christmas in our ace new extension 8(

    If it's allowed and anyone might PM me recommended contractors, that'd be amazing!


  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 40,351 Mod ✭✭✭✭Gumbo


    the corpo wrote: »
    It's really disheartening, we thought we'd be having Christmas in our ace new extension 8(

    If it's allowed and anyone might PM me recommended contractors, that'd be amazing!

    Where are you based?


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,802 ✭✭✭the corpo


    South Dublin.

    That's been another thing, half the companies tendered said jobs in Dublin just aren't worth their while these days, once they take on board parking hassles/traffic etc. They're getting enough bookings outside the city to keep them going. Far cry from when we got our insulation done 5 years ago, some of the guys were driving to and from Ardee every day...


  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 40,351 Mod ✭✭✭✭Gumbo


    the corpo wrote: »
    South Dublin.

    That's been another thing, half the companies tendered said jobs in Dublin just aren't worth their while these days, once they take on board parking hassles/traffic etc. They're getting enough bookings outside the city to keep them going. Far cry from when we got our insulation done 5 years ago, some of the guys were driving to and from Ardee every day...

    Still a lot of companies driving down from the North.
    One of my sites have a crew from Newry but that's only 1hr up the road.


  • Advertisement
  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,802 ✭✭✭the corpo


    kceire wrote: »
    Still a lot of companies driving down from the North.
    One of my sites have a crew from Newry but that's only 1hr up the road.

    Anyone you'd recommend 8)


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 2 fmh


    Does anybody have recent information about builders' quotes for one-off houses? We've been talking to a number of professionals (architects and building surveyors) in recent days, and their estimates range between €90 and €125 per square foot (excl. VAT) to bring a 2400 square foot house in the Limerick area to a builder's finish. Since these are all guesstimates, I would be interested in receiving information about what people have actually been quoted for in recent months.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5 ewood1981


    if this helps we've just moved into our self build me started last april so costings are recent. house is 185m2 bungalow. timberframe with blockwork and wetdash,. all underfloor heated, 2 bathrooms and 4 bedrooms, attic trusses  (for a later date) triple glazing 3m bifold door to decking and 430m surround tarmacked. we sourced all workers and bits needed ourselves. from a field to a complete finished build ready to move furniture into it cost a grand total of £102,500 in tyrone. working out £554 a sqm. you will find doing it yourself will save a fortune and is soo worth it! good luck


  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 40,351 Mod ✭✭✭✭Gumbo


    ewood1981 wrote: »
    if this helps we've just moved into our self build me started last april so costings are recent. house is 185m2 bungalow. timberframe with blockwork and wetdash,. all underfloor heated, 2 bathrooms and 4 bedrooms, attic trusses  (for a later date) triple glazing 3m bifold door to decking and 430m surround tarmacked. we sourced all workers and bits needed ourselves. from a field to a complete finished build ready to move furniture into it cost a grand total of £102,500 in tyrone. working out £554 a sqm. you will find doing it yourself will save a fortune and is soo worth it! good luck

    UK prices can't be matched ireland.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 294 ✭✭Bad_alibi


    kceire wrote: »
    UK prices can't be matched ireland.

    Plus new builds in the north don't pay vat on materials. I've built myself and you'll do well to do it for €1,100/€1,300 a meter


  • Advertisement
  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5 ewood1981


    Bad_alibi wrote: »
    kceire wrote: »
    UK prices can't be matched ireland.

    Plus new builds in the north don't pay vat on materials. I've built myself and you'll do well to do it for €1,100/€1,300 a meter

    I did say if it helps him. We're 1 mile from the border and our concrete, blocks, stonework and bathroom suites were all bought around donegal as we found them far cheaper. As we self built the only part we didn't pay VAT on was the timber frame and labour, everything else bought in North had 20% vat. All other VAT had to be claimed back after completion. So our total has just over 7k vat from North to be returned yet which will drop per sqm further.


  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 40,351 Mod ✭✭✭✭Gumbo


    ewood1981 wrote: »
    I did say if it helps him.

    Agh not disputing that, didn't mean to sound like I was dismissing your post.
    ewood1981 wrote: »
    We're 1 mile from the border and our concrete, blocks, stonework and bathroom suites were all bought around donegal as we found them far cheaper. As we self built the only part we didn't pay VAT on was the timber frame and labour, everything else bought in North had 20% vat. All other VAT had to be claimed back after completion. So our total has just over 7k vat from North to be returned yet which will drop per sqm further.

    I understand, but apples and oranges when comparing building from UK/NI to IRL. The costs associated with your build can not be matched here.

    I notice from your other posts, that you got your kitchen for 4,600 when every other supplier was quoting 10-11k, that's a massive saving in itself.

    Best of luck in the new house btw


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5 ewood1981


    kceire wrote: »
    ewood1981 wrote: »
    I did say if it helps him.

    Agh not disputing that, didn't mean to sound like I was dismissing your post.
    ewood1981 wrote: »
    We're 1 mile from the border and our concrete, blocks, stonework and bathroom suites were all bought around donegal as we found them far cheaper. As we self built the only part we didn't pay VAT on was the timber frame and labour, everything else bought in North had 20% vat. All other VAT had to be claimed back after completion. So our total has just over 7k vat from North to be returned yet which will drop per sqm further.

    I understand, but apples and oranges when comparing building from UK/NI to IRL. The costs associated with your build can not be matched here.

    I notice from your other posts, that you got your kitchen for 4,600 when every other supplier was quoting 10-11k, that's a massive saving in itself.

    Best of luck in the new house btw


    Thanks. Sorry gobsmacked at the price variances between us! Didn't realise at all! First time and last time building and thought I'd share how we got it a heck of a lot cheaper sourcing all ourselves rather than using a contractor.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 4,396 ✭✭✭Tefral


    fmh wrote: »
    Does anybody have recent information about builders' quotes for one-off houses? We've been talking to a number of professionals (architects and building surveyors) in recent days, and their estimates range between €90 and €125 per square foot (excl. VAT) to bring a 2400 square foot house in the Limerick area to a builder's finish. Since these are all guesstimates, I would be interested in receiving information about what people have actually been quoted for in recent months.

    http://www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2057657235


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,018 ✭✭✭Ray Donovan


    I currently have a builder doing my house in Offaly and it's costing €1,050 per sq m to build a 245sq m house to builders finish. This includes stairs, all tiling supply & fit (not carpet), kitchen, heating system, (a2w, ufh, mhrv), 2 small stoves supply and fit, all sanitaryware.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 72 ✭✭Nickypicky


    220,000 for 143.5 sq mt Cork


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 3 Tourmakeady


    Hi I have just finished my 2800 sq foot house in mayo for 150k. I have high end fittings and furniture in source them from abroad and built the house my self and got my friends in to do carpentry and plumbing mates rates of course


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,347 ✭✭✭Rackstar


    Hi I have just finished my 2800 sq foot house in mayo for 150k. I have high end fittings and furniture in source them from abroad and built the house my self and got my friends in to do carpentry and plumbing mates rates of course

    Not much use to the average self builder but fair play if you got it done for that.


  • Moderators, Home & Garden Moderators Posts: 10,146 Mod ✭✭✭✭BryanF


    Hi I have just finished my 2800 sq foot house in mayo for 150k. I have high end fittings and furniture in source them from abroad and built the house my self and got my friends in to do carpentry and plumbing mates rates of course

    Hi well done on you build.

    What was your air-tightness result?

    And how did you get on with BER compliance?


  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 40,351 Mod ✭✭✭✭Gumbo


    Hi I have just finished my 2800 sq foot house in mayo for 150k. I have high end fittings and furniture in source them from abroad and built the house my self and got my friends in to do carpentry and plumbing mates rates of course

    €54 a square foot! That's unheard of, even for mayo.
    Well done.


  • Advertisement
Advertisement