Advertisement
If you have a new account but are having problems posting or verifying your account, please email us on hello@boards.ie for help. Thanks :)
Hello all! Please ensure that you are posting a new thread or question in the appropriate forum. The Feedback forum is overwhelmed with questions that are having to be moved elsewhere. If you need help to verify your account contact hello@boards.ie
Hi there,
There is an issue with role permissions that is being worked on at the moment.
If you are having trouble with access or permissions on regional forums please post here to get access: https://www.boards.ie/discussion/2058365403/you-do-not-have-permission-for-that#latest

Why?

  • 10-03-2010 1:21am
    #1
    Closed Accounts Posts: 25,953 ✭✭✭✭


    Now i am genuinely asking here, not trolling

    so, why, if the bible is accurate and that evil will be defeated by good after the last great battle and the such

    why does Satan bother?

    whats the point if it is already a foregone conclusion that he will be defeated and thrown into the lake of fire?

    genuine answers please, this is something i have been thinking about for a little while


«1

Comments

  • Closed Accounts Posts: 13,686 ✭✭✭✭PDN


    kryogen wrote: »
    Now i am genuinely asking here, not trolling

    so, why, if the bible is accurate and that evil will be defeated by good after the last great battle and the such

    why does Satan bother?

    whats the point if it is already a foregone conclusion that he will be defeated and thrown into the lake of fire?

    genuine answers please, this is something i have been thinking about for a little while

    Have you ever read "Berlin: The Downfall, 1945" by Antony Beevor? It is a harrowing historical account of Hitler rounding up old men and schoolchildren and sending them out to the frontlines of battle to fight a war that even the dogs on the street knew had been lost since D-Day and Stalingrad.

    Evil, unfortunately, is not logical. It keeps on hurting people even when it has no chance of victory.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,026 ✭✭✭kelly1


    kryogen wrote: »
    Now i am genuinely asking here, not trolling

    so, why, if the bible is accurate and that evil will be defeated by good after the last great battle and the such

    why does Satan bother?

    whats the point if it is already a foregone conclusion that he will be defeated and thrown into the lake of fire?

    genuine answers please, this is something i have been thinking about for a little while
    Good question. I think Satan is basically envious of us. He knows he is eternally damned and that we have the possibility of salvation in Christ and everlasting joy. He wants to take that from us. He wants to negate Christ's sacrifice on the cross by temping souls to their damnation. He doesn't want us to have what he can never have.

    God bless,
    Noel.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,953 ✭✭✭✭kryogen


    thanks guys, its a question that i have never been able to work out properly, happy to get other opinions on it also

    i am still unsure of it myself as i cant help but think logically! and for me there is no logical reason for Satan to bother

    if i was him for instance, i would just enjoy my time before the damnation

    of course you may say he does enjoy his time by tempting humans into evil works and condemning themselves

    any thoughts on the document the Vatican is supposedly working on that may say for the first time, that hell might be empty? all sins being forgiven and all souls redeemable regardless


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,932 ✭✭✭hinault


    Yes, the Bible says that Good will overcome Evil : however this will not stop Lucifer from trying to coral as many souls as he possibly can. before Good vanquishes Evil.


    Remember that Lucifer was exiled by God because Lucifer's pride compelled him to try to be equal to God.
    It's inherent in Lucifer's makeup that even when the odds are stacked against him, Lucifer cannot control his pride and will try to create his own powerbase.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,026 ✭✭✭kelly1


    kryogen wrote: »
    any thoughts on the document the Vatican is supposedly working on that may say for the first time, that hell might be empty? all sins being forgiven and all souls redeemable regardless
    What source do you have for this. It's extremely unlikely since the existence of hell is dogmatically defined and there would be no point in having hell if it remained empty. When Christ said that people were in danger of going to hell, He meant it, it wasn't just scaremongering.


  • Advertisement
  • Moderators, Arts Moderators Posts: 35,731 Mod ✭✭✭✭pickarooney


    kryogen wrote: »
    thanks guys, its a question that i have never been able to work out properly, happy to get other opinions on it also

    i am still unsure of it myself as i cant help but think logically! and for me there is no logical reason for Satan to bother

    By the same token, if what is written is unchangeable, would that not compel him to live out his destiny and fight to the bitter end?

    Or, his faith in his own power to overcome good is not the faith of those who believe in the Bible. He evidently has no regard for it, so it follows that he also does not believe in it.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 1,114 ✭✭✭Stephentlig


    kelly1 wrote: »
    What source do you have for this. It's extremely unlikely since the existence of hell is dogmatically defined and there would be no point in having hell if it remained empty. When Christ said that people were in danger of going to hell, He meant it, it wasn't just scaremongering.

    Yes Noel, today there is a left wing theologian modern Heresy floating around that Hell does not exist, etc etc, however the Church does not Dogmatically teach this and its just pure speculation and is in total contradiction of Sacred Scripture and Tradition.
    http://www.scripturecatholic.com/hell.html

    Pax Christi
    Stephen<3


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    kryogen wrote: »
    Why does Satan bother?

    Ask an atheist.

    The atheist accepts there is no transcendent purpose in life: he's going to enjoy the here and now for what the here and now offers - even though he knows everything he achieves will be defeated by death - whether his own death or the death of others who are influenced by his life (a commonly posited atheist 'purpose'). Such a one might be in a better position to answer than those who consider themselves to have an eternal purpose.

    It might seem as if Satan can find satisfaction (if scratching the itch the evil demands could be described as satisfaction) in destroying that which God loves. But when it appears to be the case that Satan is utilised by God in order that we can opt for the "No!" option regarding God's offer of salvation, then even this supposed 'win' of Satan's is snatched from him.

    He's the ultimate patsy ... and that's the truth.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,953 ✭✭✭✭kryogen


    i am atheist! just curious as to peoples ideas

    and tbh, with a few of the things that have happened over the last 12 months, i wish i could believe so i am trying to find a logical route to it

    not working unfortunatly


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,953 ✭✭✭✭kryogen


    kelly1 wrote: »
    What source do you have for this. It's extremely unlikely since the existence of hell is dogmatically defined and there would be no point in having hell if it remained empty. When Christ said that people were in danger of going to hell, He meant it, it wasn't just scaremongering.

    it was on a documentary i saw last week, i think it may have been on the book of revelations, exploring the subject matter,not sure of the exact name, think it was on the history channel however, ill try find a bit of info on it ok


  • Advertisement
  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,026 ✭✭✭kelly1


    kryogen wrote: »
    i am atheist! just curious as to peoples ideas

    and tbh, with a few of the things that have happened over the last 12 months, i wish i could believe so i am trying to find a logical route to it

    not working unfortunatly
    Hello Kryogen,

    recently I've been thinking about the best way or arguing the existence of God with an atheist and I'm convinced that philosophy is the way to go. If someone can accept the probable existence of God based on philosophical argument, then we can move on to theological arguments.

    I'd suggest doing a search for talks and debates by William Lane Craig such as:

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkBD20edOco
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wf9-vwnzqOo
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qh98DX3-L0

    P.S. I currently reading Is There a God by Richard Swinburne.

    And I'm planning to read Aquinas: A Beginner's Guide next.

    God bless!
    Noel.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 7,872 ✭✭✭strobe


    kryogen wrote: »
    Now i am genuinely asking here, not trolling

    so, why, if the bible is accurate and that evil will be defeated by good after the last great battle and the such

    why does Satan bother?

    whats the point if it is already a foregone conclusion that he will be defeated and thrown into the lake of fire?

    genuine answers please, this is something i have been thinking about for a little while

    Maybe it is just propoganda (the prophecies, that is) on the part of God to try to raise the morale of the troops. No general goes out and stands infront of his troops before a battle and says "Lad's listen, it's touch and go here, we might win, we might get totally slaughtered". Even if that is the honest truth. They come out and give a glorious speech, say how victory can be the only outcome, how the enemy stands no chance, how they are sure to win because they are on the side of "right" (both sides usually use this line), and how once it is all over you will be re-united with your family and live the rest of your days in peace and prosperity. Maybe really it is still all up in the air, not over till the fat lady sings, and that is why the fight must take place. Like you say, if it is a foregone conclusion why would Satan bother? Well he probably wouldn't. So maybe it's not as foregone as the general would like to make out, or the troops would like to believe.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    kryogen wrote: »
    i am atheist! just curious as to peoples ideas

    and tbh, with a few of the things that have happened over the last 12 months, i wish i could believe so i am trying to find a logical route to it

    not working unfortunatly


    Whilst the route will appear logical after you arrive, I'm not sure you can apply logic to find your way there when you blind. Blind men cannot see the elements that can be strung logically together.

    For example. As an atheist, you won't believe that there is such a thing as objective evil/wrong - that some things are always and ever wrong, irrespective of what the cultural fashion of the day ... or you yourself .. says. And because you don't believe this, you're not in a position to arrive logically at the conclusion that you yourself are objectively evil - that you have rotteness somewhere in your very core. Rather, you have the safety valve of relativisation to release the pressure that such a belief would cause to rise up in you.

    If a day comes where it dawns on you how entangled in evil-doing you are and you believe that this objectively the case (manifest by your inability to apply excuses any longer) then a logical progression will take place which will terminate at belief. All of this is the work of God, utilising the evil doing that you do do. Whether or not you reach that day this side of death is up to you: whether you suppress Gods efforts. Or not.

    There's nothing to be done conciously to ensure a result, as such: you'll either see the logic on being born again. Or you'll see the logic at Judgement.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,026 ✭✭✭kelly1


    .....And because you don't believe this, you're not in a position to arrive logically at the conclusion that you yourself are objectively evil - that you have rotteness somewhere in your very core.
    ......
    If a day comes where it dawns on you how entangled in evil-doing you are....
    What??? Stead on, will you? :eek:

    God created us and God doesn't create anything objectively evil. I think you need to rethink this.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,893 ✭✭✭Canis Lupus


    Whilst the route will appear logical after you arrive, I'm not sure you can apply logic to find your way there when you blind. Blind men cannot see the elements that can be strung logically together.

    For example. As an atheist, you won't believe that there is such a thing as objective evil/wrong - that some things are always and ever wrong, irrespective of what the cultural fashion of the day ... or you yourself .. says. And because you don't believe this, you're not in a position to arrive logically at the conclusion that you yourself are objectively evil - that you have rotteness somewhere in your very core. Rather, you have the safety valve of relativisation to release the pressure that such a belief would cause to rise up in you.

    If a day comes where it dawns on you how entangled in evil-doing you are and you believe that this objectively the case (manifest by your inability to apply excuses any longer) then a logical progression will take place which will terminate at belief. All of this is the work of God, utilising the evil doing that you do do. Whether or not you reach that day this side of death is up to you: whether you suppress Gods efforts. Or not.

    There's nothing to be done conciously to ensure a result, as such: you'll either see the logic on being born again. Or you'll see the logic at Judgement.

    Wow, that's scary. Do you hate yourself/people or something?


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,953 ✭✭✭✭kryogen


    Whilst the route will appear logical after you arrive, I'm not sure you can apply logic to find your way there when you blind. Blind men cannot see the elements that can be strung logically together.

    For example. As an atheist, you won't believe that there is such a thing as objective evil/wrong - that some things are always and ever wrong, irrespective of what the cultural fashion of the day ... or you yourself .. says. And because you don't believe this, you're not in a position to arrive logically at the conclusion that you yourself are objectively evil - that you have rotteness somewhere in your very core. Rather, you have the safety valve of relativisation to release the pressure that such a belief would cause to rise up in you.

    If a day comes where it dawns on you how entangled in evil-doing you are and you believe that this objectively the case (manifest by your inability to apply excuses any longer) then a logical progression will take place which will terminate at belief. All of this is the work of God, utilising the evil doing that you do do. Whether or not you reach that day this side of death is up to you: whether you suppress Gods efforts. Or not.

    There's nothing to be done conciously to ensure a result, as such: you'll either see the logic on being born again. Or you'll see the logic at Judgement.


    the post strikes me as a view point of someone very much in the vein of fundamentalism

    i dont like this state on either side of the arguement, there is no give in fundamentalism, there is no learning, growing or acceptance of others imo

    like i say, this works both ways, i am not a closed minded atheist, i am very open to the possibilty of a higher power, i dont subscribe to the orthodox teachings however

    dont misunderstand me either actually, i really am atheist, i just wish i wasnt sometimes, i would like to have proof of something after this life cause i cant get my head around how your consciousness just switches off after you die

    how does that work? i understand the body shuts down and dies, like a battery per se, but what about the mind? not the brain, the actual consciousness that makes you who you are?


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 34,788 ✭✭✭✭krudler


    Do you remember what it was like before you were born?death is probably the same thing, you just cease to exist


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 13,686 ✭✭✭✭PDN


    krudler wrote: »
    Do you remember what it was like before you were born?death is probably the same thing, you just cease to exist

    Your speculations, while undoubtedly interesting to you, really don't belong in this forum.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    kelly1 wrote: »
    God created us and God doesn't create anything objectively evil. I think you need to rethink this.

    God doesn't have to create something evil in order that it be evil. God created Lucifer and he wasn't evil. But he fell, and in falling conformed himself into a state of evil. Ditto with mankind's falling. Man became sinful. And sinfulness is evil. Objectively so.

    There's not a lot to rethink - given that this is basic Christian doctrine


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    kryogen wrote: »
    the post strikes me as a view point of someone very much in the vein of fundamentalism

    What I say is either true or false. If true, then it's indeed a fundemental statement(s). Such is the nature of truth - any truth. The alternative is relativism - where nothing is true.
    i dont like this state on either side of the arguement, there is no give in fundamentalism, there is no learning, growing or acceptance of others imo

    The truth, if true, shouldn't give in - you would/should no doubt agree with that.

    What you might be supposing is that "no one can arrive at the truth - in order to state it dogmatically". If saying so, then how can you make that dogmatic statement .. and suppose it true. If no one, not even you, can arrive at truth, I mean?


    like i say, this works both ways, i am not a closed minded atheist, i am very open to the possibilty of a higher power, i dont subscribe to the orthodox teachings however

    It's good to be open minded. But not to a fault. Not to the point where you conclude you can never arrive at a destination. There's nothing stopping you getting out at that destination and discovering the lie of the land there. But it's close minded to say you can't arrive at a final destination.

    God exists. Jesus is indeed Lord. I have eternal life. All final destination. All things which involve further investigation once arriving there.

    dont misunderstand me either actually, i really am atheist, i just wish i wasnt sometimes, i would like to have proof of something after this life cause i cant get my head around how your consciousness just switches off after you die

    how does that work? i understand the body shuts down and dies, like a battery per se, but what about the mind? not the brain, the actual consciousness that makes you who you are?

    I can understand desiring proof of something after you die - before you die. It could be expected to (and does) completely alter the way you view life. I was just thinking today that I have as many work years to retirement ahead of me as I've already spent in the field I'm in. The last 'half' flew in, the rest can be expected to pass by just as swiftly - if not more so (relativistically speaking). In a few short years thereafter, I'll die.

    But it doesn't trouble me. I look forward to that day with anticipation. I can't wait to see God's face.


    One of the orthodox teachings you dispensed with above talks about how it is you come to know now. And what life is like now knowing now. It's called Christianity and it's offer of eternal life doesn't suppose to start that eternal life when you die. That life starts the moment you're born again.

    antiskeptic is dead. Long live antiskeptic

    :)


  • Advertisement
  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,953 ✭✭✭✭kryogen


    why is Christianity the right way to go in terms of an orthodox belief system? it is quite similar to Islam in many ways, can both religions be right? Judaism? Buddhism? or is every religious stance besides Christianity simply wrong and those that follow it doomed?

    just opinions i want of course, i know people cant prove anything as fact


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 30,746 ✭✭✭✭Galvasean


    kelly1 wrote: »
    Good question. I think Satan is basically envious of us. He knows he is eternally damned and that we have the possibility of salvation in Christ and everlasting joy. He wants to take that from us. He wants to negate Christ's sacrifice on the cross by temping souls to their damnation. He doesn't want us to have what he can never have.

    God bless,
    Noel.

    So, is that the equivalent of him knowing he can't win, but wants to take as many with him as possible?


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    kryogen wrote: »
    why is Christianity the right way to go in terms of an orthodox belief system? it is quite similar to Islam in many ways, can both religions be right? Judaism? Buddhism? or is every religious stance besides Christianity simply wrong and those that follow it doomed?

    just opinions i want of course, i know people cant prove anything as fact

    One thing I remember striking me around the time when I became a Christian was someone telling me that with every religion in the world (and clearly Judaism and Islam), your eternal position before God is established by what you do. In other words, to achieve a favorable afterlife outcome, you need to do certain things; follow rules/commands, behave a certain way, pray, give money to the poor, meditate.

    Whereas in Christianity, it's not what you do that counts but what God has done.

    Which makes Christianity unique .. in a most critical area.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,893 ✭✭✭Canis Lupus


    One thing I remember striking me around the time when I became a Christian was someone telling me that with every religion in the world (and clearly Judaism and Islam), your eternal position before God is established by what you do. In other words, to achieve a favorable afterlife outcome, you need to do certain things; follow rules/commands, behave a certain way, pray, give money to the poor, meditate.

    Whereas in Christianity, it's not what you do that counts but what God has done.

    Which makes Christianity unique .. in a most critical area.

    What the???? What version of christianity are you following cos last time I heard you had commandments etc you have to follow before being let into your retirement home in the sky.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 13,686 ✭✭✭✭PDN


    What the???? What version of christianity are you following cos last time I heard you had commandments etc you have to follow before being let into your retirement home in the sky.

    Settle down now. Evangelical Christianity, which includes hundreds of millions of Christians, holds that Christians are saved by grace through faith. In other words, we are saved by what Christ has done, not by anything we can do.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,893 ✭✭✭Canis Lupus


    PDN wrote: »
    Settle down now. Evangelical Christianity, which includes hundreds of millions of Christians, holds that Christians are saved by grace through faith. In other words, we are saved by what Christ has done, not by anything we can do.

    :( Look you. Actually no.. forget it. I'm drunk.

    So how cool is it to be a bishop and do you model yourself on Len?


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 7,237 ✭✭✭mcmoustache


    PDN wrote: »
    Settle down now. Evangelical Christianity, which includes hundreds of millions of Christians, holds that Christians are saved by grace through faith. In other words, we are saved by what Christ has done, not by anything we can do.

    Out of curiosity, does this refer to the difference between Calvin and Luther?


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 1,114 ✭✭✭Stephentlig


    Whereas in Christianity, it's not what you do that counts but what God has done.


    really? scripture seems to say differently "27 For the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father with his angels: and then will he render to every man according to his works." ( Matthew:16:27 )

    "21 Not every one that saith to me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven: but he that doth the will of my Father who is in heaven, he shall enter into the kingdom of heaven. ( Matthew:7:21)"

    we are saved by faith, but not faith only, nowhere in scripture does it say we are saved by faith only, but to the contrary the only place the words ''faith only'' appear in scripture are in James:2:24 "Do you see that by works a man is justified; and not by faith only?"


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,848 ✭✭✭✭Zombrex


    God doesn't have to create something evil in order that it be evil.

    How are you defining objectively?

    Do you mean "objectively" evil in God's opinion, or do you believe that evil as a standard of incorrect behaviour exists as a fact independently of anything including God?

    Or to put it another way, who says being sinful is evil? You? God? The universe? The multiverse/reality/what ever God exists in

    If it is God then it isn't particularly objective, is it?

    Or think of it this way. If God determined/decided that some thing was evil as opposed to good and that became the objective standard then before this decision it wasn't the objective standard. But then it can't be the objective standard if at some point it isn't and then it is.

    If it was the objective standard then it just was that way, for eternity, just like God just exists.

    But then God wouldn't have decided it was this way, he would have just observed what the objective standard was.


  • Advertisement
  • Closed Accounts Posts: 13,686 ✭✭✭✭PDN


    Out of curiosity, does this refer to the difference between Calvin and Luther?

    No, both Luther and Calvin believed the same thing that I have stated.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    really? scripture seems to say differently "27 For the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father with his angels: and then will he render to every man according to his works." ( Matthew:16:27 )

    "21 Not every one that saith to me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven: but he that doth the will of my Father who is in heaven, he shall enter into the kingdom of heaven. ( Matthew:7:21)"

    we are saved by faith, but not faith only, nowhere in scripture does it say we are saved by faith only, but to the contrary the only place the words ''faith only'' appear in scripture are in James:2:24 "Do you see that by works a man is justified; and not by faith only?"

    As you've probably worked out by now, when I use the word "Christianity" I don't include Roman Catholicism within that fold - anymore than I do Jehovahs Witness or Mormonism or other similarily skewed Christ-referencing religions.

    This is not to say a Roman Catholic cannot be saved. If they are, it will be in spite of and not because of Roman Catholicisms (alleged) route to salvation.

    Now is probably not the time to get into isolated out of context verse-quoting to support my position, I'm merely stating what that position is for the purposes of addressing the OP.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    Wicknight wrote: »
    How are you defining objectively?

    Do you mean "objectively" evil in God's opinion, or do you believe that evil as a standard of incorrect behaviour exists as a fact independently of anything including God?

    Or to put it another way, who says being sinful is evil? You? God? The universe? The multiverse/reality/what ever God exists in

    If it is God then it isn't particularly objective, is it?

    Or think of it this way. If God determined/decided that some thing was evil as opposed to good and that became the objective standard then before this decision it wasn't the objective standard. But then it can't be the objective standard if at some point it isn't and then it is.

    If it was the objective standard then it just was that way, for eternity, just like God just exists.

    But then God wouldn't have decided it was this way, he would have just observed what the objective standard was.

    An appropriate way to define evil here would be to state that it is, let's say; "actions, thoughts, desires that run contrary to the will of God". There is no 'beforehand' or 'deciding that' involved. God's will always had the view it has on what runs with and against it. And seeing as evil always relates to God's will, the objectivity of evil centres around God - not something apart from God. It might help if you view God's dim view of eg: pride, as something that stems from his nature. He is, by makeup and not decision, antagonistic to pride. In the same way that I am, by nature, antagonistic to rotten smells, not decision.




    (Naturally by this definition, God can do no evil - it not being possible for him to operate contra his own will :))


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,848 ✭✭✭✭Zombrex


    An appropriate way to define evil here would be to state that it is, let's say; "actions, thoughts, desires that run contrary to the will of God".
    You slightly missed the point.

    You say evil is things that run contrary to the will of God.

    Is that the objective definition of evil? If so where did it come from. where is that defined? Is that a property of the universe/multiverse/reality?


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    Wicknight wrote: »
    You slightly missed the point.

    You say evil is things that run contrary to the will of God.

    Is that the objective definition of evil? If so where did it come from. where is that defined? Is that a property of the universe/multiverse/reality?

    It came from God and seeing as God (for the purposes of discussion) is the ultimate source of everything, that's about as objective a definition as you can get.

    You're free to define evil in other ways for the moment, but the argument is that a time will come where everyone will agree with Gods definition.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    What the???? What version of christianity are you following cos last time I heard you had commandments etc you have to follow before being let into your retirement home in the sky.

    The non-Roman Catholic version

    :)


  • Advertisement
  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,848 ✭✭✭✭Zombrex


    It came from God and seeing as God (for the purposes of discussion) is the ultimate source of everything, that's about as objective a definition as you can get.

    But if it came from God then it is not objective, it is subject, dependent on God opinion.:confused:

    To be objective it must be a property of reality, not decided by anything or anyone, just the way it is. If it comes from something else then it isn't objective, it is decided by something and thus is dependent on that subjectively.

    You can say that God's opinion is perfect, but that doesn't make it objective.

    This is why I never understand why theists go on about atheists not having objective morality, as if that is some who different to theist morality?

    You don't have objective morality, you have authority, which is not the same thing. You accept, based on his properties, the authority of God to dictate moral opinion.

    Someone could just as easy say they do that with the UN Charter of Human Rights, or another person (your parents for example).

    The UN Charter of Human right is a subjective view of morality, but then so is God. You just end up arguing about authority and why you should pick one authority over another authority.

    It is hard to see any case where true objective morality exists, theist or atheist.

    Anyway, we are drifting slightly off topic.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,953 ✭✭✭✭kryogen


    The non-Roman Catholic version

    :)

    what is your gripe with Roman Catholicism?

    and also, can you give me some detail on what your version on the route to salvation is?


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 6,093 ✭✭✭Amtmann


    kelly1 wrote: »
    [Satan] doesn't want us to have what he can never have.

    What if Satan asked God for forgiveness? Could this theoretically happen, and would God grant it?


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,953 ✭✭✭✭kryogen


    Furet wrote: »
    What if Satan asked God for forgiveness? Could this theoretically happen, and would God grant it?

    Thats interesting actually

    in theory of course, if Satan were to repent and ask Gods forgiveness then God must forgive him I would have thought

    I guess the opinion of most is that Satan would never repent as he is the for want of a better expression "bad guy" in this piece?


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    Furet wrote: »
    What if Satan asked God for forgiveness? Could this theoretically happen, and would God grant it?

    In order for a person to ask for forgiveness they must first be convinced that they're in need of it. That conviction - which involves the bringing of a person to the place of truly realising their own objective rotteness - is a work carried out on a person by God. And it's a work of God that can be avoided and finally rejected by a person - the consequences of which mean they won't arrive at conviction and won't thus, ask for forgiveness. They've stretched the redemptive work of God to breaking point ... and beyond

    Satan sails in that boat. He's one (and the first of many) who have passed through the boundary of God's redemptive activity into the realm of damnation.


  • Advertisement
  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    Wicknight wrote: »
    But if it came from God then it is not objective, it is subject, dependent on God opinion.:confused:

    It isn't argued that God has an opinion on the matter of evil. Anymore than one could argue that it is my bodies opinion regarding vile smells which causes it to react in the way it reacts to vile smells.
    To be objective it must be a property of reality, not decided by anything or anyone, just the way it is. If it comes from something else then it isn't objective, it is decided by something and thus is dependent on that subjectively.

    You're attempting to apply the argument, as it applies to a person, to God - as if he was just another person. In the same breath however, you mention objectivity being a "property of reality" and "just the way it is" - when I've been saying that very same thing regarding God's view of evil. It is his nature to react to certain things in certain ways and he cannot but react in that way and cannot be other than he his. Not even God can stop being God.

    (It's interesting that you say that objectivity involves things just being the way they are when, for the purposes of discussion, you'd be agreeing that the way things are are the way they are because God made them that way. Thus: nothing is "just is the way it is" - except God)

    You don't have objective morality, you have authority, which is not the same thing. You accept, based on his properties, the authority of God to dictate moral opinion.

    Can you see now where the source of all objectivity lies? That God has authority too merely means he can deal with beings made accountable by him to his moral authority.

    Concentrate on God's nature, not his opinion. Whilst opinions can change, God's nature cannot.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,939 ✭✭✭mardybumbum


    Ask an atheist.

    The atheist accepts there is no transcendent purpose in life: he's going to enjoy the here and now for what the here and now offers - even though he knows everything he achieves will be defeated by death - whether his own death or the death of others who are influenced by his life (a commonly posited atheist 'purpose'). Such a one might be in a better position to answer than those who consider themselves to have an eternal purpose.

    Sorry to drag the thread off topic.
    But the above quote is a real insight.
    Does it worry you that what you achieve in this life may not be recognised by future generations?
    What exactly is your eternal purpose?


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    kryogen wrote: »
    what is your gripe with Roman Catholicism?

    The Scriptures warn of wolves in sheeps clothing. That is to say, the very best lies are those lies which are woven up in elements of the truth.

    Roman Catholicism posits the Roman Church as a necessary mediator between God and man (when there is but one mediator between God and man, the God/man Jesus Christ). The fact that this lie is wrapped up in truths regarding the role of Christ in salvation doesn't lessen the lie.

    The Roman church (along with other religions such as Islam and Judaism) also suggests that the way to a mans salvation centres upon that mans work: his behaviour, his obeying commandments, his God-pleasing activity, his following certain religious duties, etc. His being saved is conditional on his performance in other words.

    This enormous lie not only misdirects people away from God's way of salvation, it also steals the joy a person can have knowing now that they are saved - rather than having to await, shivering with doubt and trepidation, the final Judgment of God.

    Finally, Roman Catholicism just smells bad. All that hocus pocus religiousity; novenas, decades of the rosary, mary-worship, holy days, lent, rapid-fire Our Fathers, confession boxes, pomp and ceremony - not to say hand-wringing false piety turns me right off. I do like the smell of the incense tho'

    and also, can you give me some detail on what your version on the route to salvation is?

    The route to salvation is through Christ. He is the only acceptable-to-God manner by which the sin, your sin, which separates you from God can be dealt with by God. God has provided this way for you - because there is no provision you can make for yourself which will do.

    That manner by which you take hold of this provision will vary very much depending on the individual case. Vary in detail I mean. The essence is the same in all cases: it is necessary that you be brought to conviction about your need for salvation. That "bringing to conviction" is a work of God that is ongoing in all people. It is a work that won't necessarily succeed in all cases - because we all have a will that is God-enabled to and God-entitled to .. reject his attempt to convince us of our need.

    If he does manage to bring you to conviction then he will open the door to salvation for you and will lead you in himself. The work is all his - and whilst there is something you can do to prevent him carrying out that work, there is nothing you can do to contribute to it.

    And the route to salvation?

    If, one day, you find yourself despairing, self-loathing, helpless, desperate, stricken, hopeless, panic-stricken ... and are absolutely convinced there is nothing you can do to extract yourself from your desparate situation .. then turn to an unbelieved in God and cry for his help. If you do, it will be that you have no other option but to. If you do, it will be because he managed to corner you in this place. If you do, it will be your final act of submission to his Sovereign reign over your life.

    Then true life, the way life was God-intended to be for you, will begin. And it will never end.

    That the process involves a lot of pain can't be helped. The death of your old, sinful self is a death indeed and death is a painful business. As is the subsequent birth - birth being a painful business too.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    Does it worry you that what you achieve in this life may not be recognised by future generations?

    Not at all. The point was that the athiest can hold to a transcendently purposeless life (other than his here and now + fading memories of his existance) and so he's a better one to consult on the matter of satan's reasoning than one who considers lifes purpose as transcending a finite period.
    What exactly is your eternal purpose?

    To know God and enjoy him (and him me) forever. Quite what the mechanics of that will be I don't know ("no eye has seen nor mind has conceived, the wonderful things that God has prepared in advance for those who love him") but I'm reckoning that love, ie: the expression of it, will be a central feature.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 1,114 ✭✭✭Stephentlig


    Roman Catholicism posits the Roman Church as a necessary mediator between God and man (when there is but one mediator between God and man, the God/man Jesus Christ). The fact that this lie is wrapped up in truths regarding the role of Christ in salvation doesn't lessen the lie

    When our protestant brothers make such sweeping claims, we must always take them to task.

    Jesus Christ is the one mediator between God and man. But that does not preclude Jesus from applying His role as mediator anyway He sees fit. In fact, right before Paul says that "Jesus is the one mediator" (1 Tim 2:5), Paul appeals for mediation from others besides Christ, by urging that "supplications, prayers, intercessions and thanksgivings be made for all men" (1 Tim 2:1). How can Paul appeal to mediation from others if Jesus is our only mediator? Because, as St. Paul answers, "this is good, and is acceptable in the sight of God our Savior, who desires all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth" (1 Tim 2:3-4). Therefore, although Jesus is our one mediator, He has charged us to be intercessors, or subordinate mediators with Him. We are able to do this by virtue of our baptismal priesthood.

    This is why Paul can say "I complete in my body what is lacking in the sufferings of Christ for the sake of His Body, the Church (Col 1:24). Was anything lacking in Christ's sufferings? Of course not. Paul is teaching us that God invites us to participate in the work of Jesus Christ, whether it be through intercession, suffering, works of charity and so forth. God is not threatened by the great glory and responsibility He gives His children. Indeed, the God that is worshiped in the Catholic Church is a loving Father who is intimately involved with His children and who invites their participation, just as earthly fathers do for their children.

    The Roman church (along with other religions such as Islam and Judaism) also suggests that the way to a mans salvation centres upon that mans work: his behaviour, his obeying commandments, his God-pleasing activity, his following certain religious duties, etc. His being saved is conditional on his performance in other words.

    Of course, but the works are good works done in a system of grace, not works done in the rigid system of the mosaic law of the Jews.

    "Wherefore, my dearly beloved, (as you have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but much more now in my absence,) with fear and trembling work out your salvation." ( Phil:2:12)

    you are not justified by faith alone, you must ''work out your salvation''
    This enormous lie not only misdirects people away from God's way of salvation, it also steals the joy a person can have knowing now that they are saved - rather than having to await, shivering with doubt and trepidation, the final Judgment of God.

    Roman Catholics know they are saved, and thats a great joy in itself, but we can lose that salvation according to our sins. your position is totally not scriptural.
    Finally, Roman Catholicism just smells bad. All that hocus pocus religiousity; novenas, decades of the rosary, mary-worship, holy days, lent, rapid-fire Our Fathers, confession boxes, pomp and ceremony - not to say hand-wringing false piety turns me right off. I do like the smell of the incense tho'

    sounds like your gripe with roman Catholics goes deeper than just theology, I shall pray for you.







    And the route to salvation?

    If, one day, you find yourself despairing, self-loathing, helpless, desperate, stricken, hopeless, panic-stricken ... and are absolutely convinced there is nothing you can do to extract yourself from your desparate situation .. then turn to an unbelieved in God and cry for his help. If you do, it will be that you have no other option but to. If you do, it will be because he managed to corner you in this place. If you do, it will be your final act of submission to his Sovereign reign over your life.

    Then true life, the way life was God-intended to be for you, will begin. And it will never end.

    That the process involves a lot of pain can't be helped. The death of your old, sinful self is a death indeed and death is a painful business. As is the subsequent birth - birth being a painful business too

    again no scripture quote to support your theory that we are saved by faith alone. read your Bible antiskeptic, there is no ''faith alone'' in there.

    Pax Christi
    Stephen<3


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,848 ✭✭✭✭Zombrex


    It isn't argued that God has an opinion on the matter of evil. Anymore than one could argue that it is my bodies opinion regarding vile smells which causes it to react in the way it reacts to vile smells.

    It isn't? But you just said it came from God as God is the source of everything.

    Are you saying God made it that way unconsciously? If so based on what?

    Human bodies react to vile smells because evolution has developed a defense mechanism to protect us against harmful substances, mostly things we shouldn't eat because they are rotten or toxic.

    Are you saying that evil harms God, and thus he has a evolved to identify it subconsciously :confused:
    You're attempting to apply the argument, as it applies to a person, to God - as if he was just another person. In the same breath however, you mention objectivity being a "property of reality" and "just the way it is" - when I've been saying that very same thing regarding God's view of evil. It is his nature to react to certain things in certain ways and he cannot but react in that way and cannot be other than he his. Not even God can stop being God.

    Well two things here.

    If it is just the way things are, then it does not come from God, any more than God comes from God (an illogical statement).

    God is not the source of himself and thus would not be the source of morality, morality would be just the way things are in the same way that God existing is just the way things are.

    That leaves us with God being bound to his own nature, and also raises the question of why is God's nature (and thus morality) one way and not the other? Chance? Randomness?

    The other point is that even though we may have determined that God's nature is just the way it is, we are still left with the question (among others) of why it is considered evil to go against God's nature.

    You originally suggested that it is that way because God decided so, but now you seem to be retreating from that position.

    Why is it not to be considered good to go against God's nature and evil to follow God? Who decides that either way?
    (It's interesting that you say that objectivity involves things just being the way they are when, for the purposes of discussion, you'd be agreeing that the way things are are the way they are because God made them that way. Thus: nothing is "just is the way it is" - except God)

    Well yes, that is in fact my point. Therefore morality, decided by God, is not objective.

    For morality to be objective it most exist in the same realm as facts. God exists is a fact (lets assume), and that is an objective state of reality. It is just the way things are. No rhyme or reason. Nothing decided there would be a God for a reason.

    Likewise morality, if it is objective, exists at this level. It is just the way things are. God didn't decide this, he simply reflects it.

    If on the other hand morality comes from God then it is not just the way things are it is decided by God and is thus subjective.
    Concentrate on God's nature, not his opinion. Whilst opinions can change, God's nature cannot.

    But God does not decide his nature. Why is God's nature one way and not the other?

    So who did? Or what did? Chance?

    It is some what unsatisfying to say that we should not sin simply because of random chance.

    Though I would agree with you that this is truly objective morality.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,939 ✭✭✭mardybumbum


    Not at all. The point was that the athiest can hold to a transcendently purposeless life (other than his here and now + fading memories of his existance) and so he's a better one to consult on the matter of satan's reasoning than one who considers lifes purpose as transcending a finite period.

    I may be missing out on your point again, but do you believe that life has no purpose without a God?
    I must admit, I have never had these fears myself. If I did, perhaps I might search for an eternal purpose.
    Why not try and cure cancer, solve the hodge conjecture, abolish world hunger, bring peace to our planet, combine quantum mechanics and general relativity. :pac:
    The above examples are slightly OTT but you get the idea.
    I find there is a purpose to attempting these things; making life better for future generations.
    I feel the whole "no purpose without God" ideology to be slightly depressing tbh.
    To know God and enjoy him (and him me) forever. Quite what the mechanics of that will be I don't know ("no eye has seen nor mind has conceived, the wonderful things that God has prepared in advance for those who love him") but I'm reckoning that love, ie: the expression of it, will be a central feature.
    Sounds wonderful. I wish it were true myself.
    However, I have a feeling I'd be going to a different place to you. ;)


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    Wicknight wrote: »
    It isn't? But you just said it came from God as God is the source of everything. Are you saying God made it that way unconsciously? If so based on what?

    I'm saying that God doesn't decide something is against his will. If it is, it is because it's contra his nature.

    Human bodies react to vile smells because evolution has developed a defense mechanism to protect us against harmful substances, mostly things we shouldn't eat because they are rotten or toxic.

    Evolution hasn't done anything of the sort. Evolution produces what it produces according to the governing principles of evolution. It is as it is and what is contra-evolution's march is rendered extinct. There is no deciding on the matter.

    Just like there is no deciding on the matter with God as to what's contra his will. It is as it is. The how and when God manages that issue isn't blind in the same sense evolution is blind - but it is worthwhile drawing a parallel with the nature-not-decision element. Evil is rotten. God's nature, like Evolution supplied natural reactions, will ensure it is expunged.
    Are you saying that evil harms God, and thus he has a evolved to identify it subconsciously :confused:

    No.


    Well two things here.

    If it is just the way things are, then it does not come from God, any more than God comes from God (an illogical statement).

    ? It comes from God alright. God is just the way he is. Which makes what comes from him be the way it is. Why is the universe ordered and rational? Because God is ordered and rational and created it that way.

    God is not the source of himself and thus would not be the source of morality, morality would be just the way things are in the same way that God existing is just the way things are.

    Non sequitur. God is not the source of himself because source speaks of precursor and God has no precursor. He exists as he is. Morality, an attribute of God exists because he exists. As far a source goes it's we who look to a precursor (other than our parents or their parents) for morality. And our search for the source of morality ends at God. That he has no source is neither here nor there.

    That leaves us with God being bound to his own nature, and also raises the question of why is God's nature (and thus morality) one way and not the other? Chance? Randomness?

    Who knows.

    The other point is that even though we may have determined that God's nature is just the way it is, we are still left with the question (among others) of why it is considered evil to go against God's nature.

    That's not a question that can be derived from our working definition of evil.

    Evil is defined as simply that which is contra-Gods will. Just like 'up' is a word used to define movement away from the earths surface. We don't ask why is up, up.

    You originally suggested that it is that way because God decided so, but now you seem to be retreating from that position.

    I somehow doubt I used the word (or sense of the word) "decide". I could be wrong but would suppose using the term "says so"

    Why is it not to be considered good to go against God's nature and evil to follow God? Who decides that either way?

    Our definition of evil sorts this issue out entirely.


    Well yes, that is in fact my point. Therefore morality, decided by God, is not objective.

    For morality to be objective it most exist in the same realm as facts. God exists is a fact (lets assume), and that is an objective state of reality. It is just the way things are. No rhyme or reason. Nothing decided there would be a God for a reason.

    Likewise morality, if it is objective, exists at this level. It is just the way things are. God didn't decide this, he simply reflects it.

    And why must it be by reflecting something factual outside God. And not something factual within God. Given that we should be past the issue of something within being a decision by now?


    But God does not decide his nature. Why is God's nature one way and not the other?

    So who did? Or what did? Chance?

    This would suggest a precursor to God. God assembled from something else (chance being something else existing before God). The suggestion is that he is the first thing. The source of everything.

    The problem seems to be with the questions not being relevant to the situation to hand.

    It is some what unsatisfying to say that we should not sin simply because of random chance.

    Though I would agree with you that this is truly objective morality.

    Can I suggest that what is most unsatisfying is the notion that you can't circumvent God. And that being subject to his natures demands - because there is no higher court of appeal for you (guesses at chance notwithstanding) raises your ire.

    All objectivity requires is an immovably object and God is that object.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,555 ✭✭✭antiskeptic


    I may be missing out on your point again, but do you believe that life has no purpose without a God?

    It has whatever purpose you like - however you like it. I mean, without God who's the arbitrator of purpose. You might as well be it.

    I must admit, I have never had these fears myself. If I did, perhaps I might search for an eternal purpose.

    You could be expected to. However, if satisfied with the purpose you'be plumped for as sufficient then there's no reason to look elsewhere.
    Why not try and cure cancer, solve the hodge conjecture, abolish world hunger, bring peace to our planet, combine quantum mechanics and general relativity. :pac:

    The above examples are slightly OTT but you get the idea.

    Sure. And there's nothing stopping you pursuing these things as a child of God.

    I find there is a purpose to attempting these things; making life better for future generations. I feel the whole "no purpose without God" ideology to be slightly depressing tbh.


    There is no doubt that you can busy yourself with goals to accomplish and that this gives purpose to life (accomplishing goals). It's just that it need not stop there. I find it depressing to see people rattle along the tracks to death waving supposedly noble purpose in the air, when in fact their purpose was intended to be much larger than that.

    It makes such a damp squib out of even the most noble of godless lives. If only folk realised they were intended to be son's of the most high king. Such exhalted position (because we are talking about a vastly larger realm than this small planet of ours) renders insignificant, the highest position available here.

    Note too that the intention for this world is that it be wrapped up and disposed of (or dismantled to elemental parts and remade). All it's history, all it's wisdom, all it's expenditure will be discarded as having served it's Creators purpose. How much purpose is there in godlessly bailing out the Titanic?


    Sounds wonderful. I wish it were true myself.
    However, I have a feeling I'd be going to a different place to you. ;)

    Hopefully you'll be found wrong. :)


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,848 ✭✭✭✭Zombrex


    I'm saying that God doesn't decide something is against his will. If it is, it is because it's contra his nature.

    But God does decide his will, surely?

    Anyway, that wasn't quite my point. Who decides that someone against God's will is evil, as opposed to good?
    Evolution hasn't done anything of the sort. Evolution produces what it produces according to the governing principles of evolution. It is as it is and what is contra-evolution's march is rendered extinct. There is no deciding on the matter.

    Yes it has. We react to vile smells because those who didn't react to vile smells ate them and wound up dead. Natural selection and all that.

    We don't react to vile smells just because. "Vile" is relative, a dog will happily eat it's own sick because it has the stomach to handle that where was we don't, the bacteria in our vomit is harmful (why we got sick in the first place), and thus have evolved a response that we find the smell of vomit disgusting in order so that we don't go near it.

    It is a defense mechanism.

    Not quite sure what this has to do with anything?
    Evil is rotten. God's nature, like Evolution supplied natural reactions, will ensure it is expunged.

    Rotten in what context?

    You say you don't mean harmful? Do you understand why we find rotten things disgusting (see above). It is because they are harmful.

    Perhaps you need to rethink your analogy.
    It comes from God alright. God is just the way he is. Which makes what comes from him be the way it is. Why is the universe ordered and rational? Because God is ordered and rational and created it that way.

    Yes, so you can say the universe comes from God because he created it.

    If something is just the way it is then it doesn't come from God, God is bound by it as is everything else.
    Non sequitur. God is not the source of himself because source speaks of precursor and God has no precursor. He exists as he is. Morality, an attribute of God exists because he exists.

    You are flipping between two states almost at random.

    If morality comes from God then God is a precursor to it and created it (since who else would have)

    Thus it is subject to God

    If morality is based on what ever determined how God would be (random chance say) then it is not a precursor to God and thus is just the way things are, and is objective.

    Saying that morality comes from God because it is based on God's nature and thus he doesn't decide anything is illogical.

    If that was the case then morality would come from what ever determined God's nature, which wasn't God as we have established.
    Evil is defined as simply that which is contra-Gods will. Just like 'up' is a word used to define movement away from the earths surface. We don't ask why is up, up.

    Define by whom as what is contra Gods will? And surely that definition is subjective as subjective as any other.
    Our definition of evil sorts this issue out entirely.

    I think you hit the nail on the head there.
    And why must it be by reflecting something factual outside God. And not something factual within God.

    Because God didn't decide it. It was determined by what ever determined God would be the way God is.

    Call it "reality" for a want of a better word.

    Given that God can't determine his own nature he also can't determine morality and thus he is not the source of it.
    This would suggest a precursor to God. God assembled from something else (chance being something else existing before God). The suggestion is that he is the first thing. The source of everything.

    That is illogical, given that when you count "everything" you are naturally going to include God since we are assuming he exists.

    And since God is not the source of himself he cannot be the source of everything. He can be the source of everything else

    And we seem to be defining morality based on how God is, his nature, then God cannot be the source of morality. Morality is defined by what ever way God was defined.

    What determined God would be one way and not the other way is a theological issue, but what ever the answer is this is logically the source of morality.
    The problem seems to be with the questions not being relevant to the situation to hand.

    Well to be honest the problem seems to be theism and its pesky contradictive statements ;)

    Simple because you can write my objective morality comes from God, or God is the source of everything, doesn't mean such sentences actually makes sense.
    Can I suggest that what is most unsatisfying is the notion that you can't circumvent God. And that being subject to his natures demands - because there is no higher court of appeal for you (guesses at chance notwithstanding) raises your ire.

    You can but that to me would suggest you are getting defensive because issues with the theology are exposed, and you are falling back on the old theistic faviourate recrimination that I'm doing this because of my sinful nature and desire to rebel against God.

    I hope I'm wrong, but perhaps instead getting into tit for tat assertions as to why each of us isn't accepting the others's position we should just stick to the logic at hand.
    All objectivity requires is an immovably object and God is that object.

    No objectivity requires a fact of reality. God cannot determine his own fact, his own nature, and thus cannot determine (and thus be the source of ) objective morality if we define this morality based on what is or isn't God's nature.


  • Advertisement
Advertisement