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CHEMTRAILS

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Comments

  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 56 ✭✭chebonaparte


    yeh.

    unicorns are fiction.

    myth.

    fantasy.

    not real.

    does not exist.

    there.

    lol

    -1 proof of a negative! :)

    happy sunday


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,672 ✭✭✭seannash


    yeh.

    unicorns are fiction.

    myth.

    fantasy.

    not real.

    does not exist.

    there.

    lol

    -1 proof of a negative! :)

    happy sunday
    Show us eveidence,ive seen drawings,heard stories there must be some truth to it


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 56 ✭✭chebonaparte


    seannash wrote: »
    .Goverment hasnt released the proof to satisfy your theory is what you should have said.There might be nothing to explain.

    sean i never claimed any theory. im questioning things is all.

    You being a believer in science should lead you to believe that hard facts are required not observed coincidences regarding health problems and the appearance of these contrails.

    i agree. but alot people claim and believe health problems in respiratory and sinuses occur directly after spraying days as in kildare. it not necessarily myself.

    I

    we need sound reasoned debate .

    and not smartasses tryna make themselves look smart.

    question everything.

    so sean am curious you think these trails that dont disperse for 30 mins to hours and then form clouds are just water vapours?


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 56 ✭✭chebonaparte


    seannash wrote: »
    Show us eveidence,ive seen drawings,heard stories there must be some truth to it

    lol thats philosophical point n debate of different nature for another time :)

    its interesting and probably revealing that both sean and King Mob feel that proof is a "burden" hmmm

    lol

    why you both fell proof is a "burden"


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,672 ✭✭✭seannash


    and not smartasses tryna make themselves look smart.
    Yeah i really care that anonymous posters think im smart on boards.My family and friends think im smart and thats what matters.I have never hid behind a screen name so im totally fine with people thinking what they like about me

    As for your other question maybe look at this explaination as i cant type all that detail out.
    http://contrailscience.com/how-long-do-contrails-last/

    Now will this explaination satisfy your scientific line of questioning or is this simply disinfo


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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,672 ✭✭✭seannash


    lol thats philosophical point n debate of different nature for another time :)

    its interesting and probably revealing that both sean and King Mob feel that proof is a "burden" hmmm

    lol

    why you both fell proof is a "burden"
    Dude its a common turn of phrase,not something we made up.The phrase has been around for years.same as "turn over a new leaf" does not literally mean to go into a forest and turn over a leaf


  • Posts: 0 [Deleted User]


    yeh.

    unicorns are fiction.

    myth.

    fantasy.

    not real.

    does not exist.

    there.

    lol

    -1 proof of a negative! :)

    happy sunday

    yeh.

    chemtrails are fiction.

    myth.

    fantasy.

    not real.

    does not exist.

    there.

    lol

    -1 proof of a negative! :)

    happy sunday

    Now, can you see how this argument is silly and not even close to what can be considered evidence or proof?


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 56 ✭✭chebonaparte


    i suppose that was just an old cliche lol

    ill read that link when i get more time have to go now..

    regardless of what the contrails chemtrails are

    there is still the q. why are the planes flying across in such a fashion anyways?

    why do they need to fly several planes in such formations again and again across each others paths.?

    and why over so many various locations around the world?

    thats not normal routes for planes.

    what are the planes doing???


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 5,672 ✭✭✭seannash



    thats not normal routes for planes.
    Says who?

    Look at the pentagram over phoenix park thread.People are saying its not normal to have so many contrails in an area thats close to an airport.

    Again why isnt it normal,it actually seems very reasonable to assume youd see them there


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 582 ✭✭✭RoboClam


    thats not normal routes for planes.

    what are the planes doing???

    http://www.bbc.co.uk/britainfromabove/stories/visualisations/planes.shtml

    Have a look at the video here of the plane routes over the UK.


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  • Closed Accounts Posts: 12,455 ✭✭✭✭Monty Burnz


    seannash wrote: »
    OR (and heres a wild thought) there is nothing sinister about whats going on and its just contrails:eek:
    BURN THE HERETIC!


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 12,455 ✭✭✭✭Monty Burnz


    we need sound reasoned debate .

    and not smartasses tryna make themselves look smart.

    question everything.

    so sean am curious you think these trails that dont disperse for 30 mins to hours and then form clouds are just water vapours?
    How long do clouds normally persist? I mean, the vapour trails from planes are basically small clouds (with a few other chemicals there from the combustion of fuel, probably).


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 12,455 ✭✭✭✭Monty Burnz


    1. there is still the q. why are the planes flying across in such a fashion anyways?

    2. why do they need to fly several planes in such formations again and again across each others paths.?

    3. and why over so many various locations around the world?


    4. what are the planes doing???

    Here's a good place to start: try answering your own questions 1 to 4. When you have thought about them and tried to provide a non conspiracy theory answer (if possible), I'll have a go at doing the same, and we can compare.


  • Moderators, Arts Moderators Posts: 10,525 Mod ✭✭✭✭5uspect


    How long do clouds normally persist? I mean, the vapour trails from planes are basically small clouds (with a few other chemicals there from the combustion of fuel, probably).

    They're mostly just hot air due to the very large bypass ratios in most modern gas turbines. Older jets often have quite dirty exhaust plumes since they have a smaller, if any, bypass ratio and have much higher combustible content in them.
    images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQL399RyLSYns4hk_jIPFiSGH3-E8MpXOfBsbStf-2xtk8LXfoaSw

    If fact the vast majority of gas turbine efficiency gains have resulted in dramatic increases in the core temperature to maximize the Carnot efficiency while pumping lots of uncombusted air around the core in the bypass duct. This results in a shift towards high mass flow rate instead of high exhaust velocity. Modern engines are capable of achieving enormous amounts of thrust by accelerating a large volume of air by a small amount instead of a small volume of air by a very large amount. The turbojet core no longer directly propels the aircraft but powers the huge fan.

    That's why old jets have long narrow engines and new models have much wider fans. By bleeding off compressor air, which is often also used to de-ice the wings and provide cabin air, they can be used to film cool the turbine blades so they can increase the core temperature further beyond the melting point of the turbine.

    This also makes the engines much quieter. Old jets scream while modern jets rumble. The lower shear between the plume and the ambient atmosphere results in less high frequency events.
    1. there is still the q. why are the planes flying across in such a fashion anyways?

    Navigation via VORs.
    Common practice in busy flight paths.
    2. why do they need to fly several planes in such formations again and again across each others paths.?

    Same as above. As I said in another thread they're just roundabouts in the sky. This makes traffic management easier for flight controllers. GPS is only considered a secondary system due to it's unreliability.
    3. and why over so many various locations around the world?
    VORs are common navigational assets found near most airports but also across most countries.
    4. what are the planes doing???
    Flying places.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 12,455 ✭✭✭✭Monty Burnz


    5suspect, very interesting post. Is it reasonable to suppose that if the jets are now pusing larger volumes of air through the engines, the contrails of modern jets might be slightly different to the contrails of jets from 10 and 20 years ago?


  • Moderators, Arts Moderators Posts: 10,525 Mod ✭✭✭✭5uspect


    They're potentially cleaner and therefore greener. Gas turbines are perhaps the most efficient way to produce energy by combustion. A lot of modern power stations use gas turbines to generate electricity for example.

    They're also remarkably simple pieces of technology to understand. However a more powerful engine could be pumping just as much greenhouse gas but at a lower ratio of the air passing through the engine.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 728 ✭✭✭joebucks


    5uspect wrote: »
    They're mostly just hot air due to the very large bypass ratios in most modern gas turbines. Older jets often have quite dirty exhaust plumes since they have a smaller, if any, bypass ratio and have much higher combustible content in them.
    images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQL399RyLSYns4hk_jIPFiSGH3-E8MpXOfBsbStf-2xtk8LXfoaSw

    If fact the vast majority of gas turbine efficiency gains have resulted in dramatic increases in the core temperature to maximize the Carnot efficiency while pumping lots of uncombusted air around the core in the bypass duct. This results in a shift towards high mass flow rate instead of high exhaust velocity. Modern engines are capable of achieving enormous amounts of thrust by accelerating a large volume of air by a small amount instead of a small volume of air by a very large amount. The turbojet core no longer directly propels the aircraft but powers the huge fan.

    That's why old jets have long narrow engines and new models have much wider fans. By bleeding off compressor air, which is often also used to de-ice the wings and provide cabin air, they can be used to film cool the turbine blades so they can increase the core temperature further beyond the melting point of the turbine.

    Interesting interpretation of these trails. In your opinion is this the definitive answer to why some contrails are stay longer in the air than others?
    Your answer differs to the one given by NASA.


  • Moderators, Arts Moderators Posts: 10,525 Mod ✭✭✭✭5uspect


    I've said nothing about the formation of contrails since I'm not a meteorologist. What I have commented on is the content of what comes out the back of an air breathing gas turbine's nozzle.

    As a result the contents of the link you provided merely compliment what I've said. Very cold moist gets superheated by the gas turbine, over [latex]1000^{\circ}C[/latex] while the compressed bypass air will be in the hundreds. The level of moisture in the air determines the type of contrail.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 728 ✭✭✭joebucks


    5uspect wrote: »
    I've said nothing about the formation of contrails since I'm not a meteorologist. What I have commented on is the content of what comes out the back of an air breathing gas turbine's nozzle.

    As a result the contents of the link you provided merely compliment what I've said. Very cold moist gets superheated by the gas turbine, over [latex]1000^{\circ}C[/latex] while the compressed bypass air will be in the hundreds. The level of moisture in the air determines the type of contrail.

    I do not completely disagree with you. I just think that it is possible that there is other factors at play in causing these persistent trails.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 37 A320-200


    i suppose that was just an old cliche lol

    ill read that link when i get more time have to go now..

    regardless of what the contrails chemtrails are

    there is still the q. why are the planes flying across in such a fashion anyways?

    why do they need to fly several planes in such formations again and again across each others paths.?

    and why over so many various locations around the world?

    thats not normal routes for planes.

    what are the planes doing???



    Lets just end this now.

    Can you tell me what this is?

    GORLO UL980 LAM UL179 CPT UL9 STU DCT TIPUR

    I'm guessing you can't, obviously.


    Can you tell me what this is?

    http://www.ead.eurocontrol.int/eadbasic/pamslight-6C56604A8A845CCD74013A57DE16AAA9/7FE5QZZF3FXUS/EN/Charts/ENR/AIRAC/EG_ENR_6_3_2_1_en_2010-11-18.pdf

    I'm guessing you can't, obviously.


    Can you tell me what this is?

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAO_Standard_Atmosphere


    I'm guessing you can't obviously.


    And lastly, were you born a spanner or was it a slow change?


    Bottom line is to try and at least educate yourself at least a tiny little bit before you go running your mouth off.

    *And yes, I am aware that this is a Conspiracies forum, but at least try and come up with some decent conspiracies, not just target aircraft as the "soft target" because people are just too ignorant.


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  • Closed Accounts Posts: 1,627 ✭✭✭uprising2


    A320-200 wrote: »
    Lets just end this now.

    Can you tell me what this is?

    GORLO UL980 LAM UL179 CPT UL9 STU DCT TIPUR

    I'm guessing you can't, obviously.


    Can you tell me what this is?

    http://www.ead.eurocontrol.int/eadbasic/pamslight-6C56604A8A845CCD74013A57DE16AAA9/7FE5QZZF3FXUS/EN/Charts/ENR/AIRAC/EG_ENR_6_3_2_1_en_2010-11-18.pdf

    I'm guessing you can't, obviously.


    Can you tell me what this is?

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAO_Standard_Atmosphere


    I'm guessing you can't obviously.


    And lastly, were you born a spanner or was it a slow change?


    Bottom line is to try and at least educate yourself at least a tiny little bit before you go running your mouth off.

    *And yes, I am aware that this is a Conspiracies forum, but at least try and come up with some decent conspiracies, not just target aircraft as the "soft target" because people are just too ignorant.

    Well the first, no because it doesn't work.

    Can you tell me what this is?

    U.S. Patent #5,003,186


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 37 A320-200


    uprising2 wrote: »
    Well the first, no because it doesn't work.

    Can you tell me what this is?

    U.S. Patent #5,003,186


    Thats because its not a link.

    1 down, 2 to go.

    Not looking good.

    I would be interested to hear what you think 2 and 3 are.

    Just because someone has taken out a patent doesn't mean anything was done about it. Its just a patent.


    Also, looking at some of the videos in this thread, particularly the DC-10 one. Its clearly a DC-10, not a KC-10. The "Nozzles" are Flap track fairings. The "fluid" its dumping is just the sun reflecting off of the moisture created by the change in pressure around the aerofoil.

    Boyles Law:
    220px-Boyles_Law_animated.gif


    What I loved the most was one poster saying, "just because I refuse to be led", which is kind of funny, seeing as he's being led by some idiots on youtube. I would assimilate this to all the emo kids who want to be different so all dress the same. If you cant see the facts, then its your loss.

    But think of this, a wild "theory" of mine:

    There is nothing sinister behind anything, it all just happens, everything is random.


    PS: If any of you actually care, the reason more contrails are seen during winter is because Temperature at sea level is lower than in summer.
    If we say that Contrails form at a SAT of -40C, assuming the standard temperature lapse rate of 1.98C per 1000ft, and we say that Temp at MSL is 0C, an aircraft cruising at FL260 (26000ft on QNE (1013.25hPa)) will be flying in an air mass with a SAT of -51C. The same for summer temps (+20) would give a SAT of -31C. Hence: No contrails. The "Longer" contrails are a function of altitude and other atmospheric factors. When they dissipate they are basically Cirrus Cloud. Suspended Ice particles.

    And thats me done, i cant be bothered discussing this proposterous idea any more.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 711 ✭✭✭Dr_Phil


    A320-200 wrote: »
    What I loved the most was one poster saying, "just because I refuse to be led", which is kind of funny, seeing as he's being led by some idiots on youtube.
    Brilliant post :)

    Here are some of those mysterious ;) planes:



    I am actually amazed that so many people are obsessed by this "chemtrails theory", seriously though... Moreover, they think that spreading this bull will protect others, it's like working for one of those religious sects, utter madness! I wonder how much Internet traffic the "believers" generated on all these websites and blogs today any how much money went to their owners :rolleyes:


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 19,976 ✭✭✭✭humanji


    Dr_Phil wrote: »
    Brilliant post :)

    Here are some of those mysterious ;) planes:



    I am actually amazed that so many people are obsessed by this "chemtrails theory", seriously though... Moreover, they think that spreading this bull will protect others, it's like working for one of those religious sects, utter madness! I wonder how much Internet traffic the "believers" generated on all these websites and blogs today any how much money went to their owners :rolleyes:
    So you can prove that they're not chemtrails then? ;)

    There's no harm with a bit of healthy skepticism. As pointed out above, chem trails do happen. The question is if the trails we see above us are con or chem, and if chemtrails, what are they for?

    The US has a long history of experimenting on it's citizens, so it's not outside the realm of possibility to think it might be happening now.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 25,227 ✭✭✭✭My name is URL


    It's a pity that it's so difficult to predict when contrails will persist. I reckon that's the best way to disprove that the ones seen in Dublin and elsewhere recently are chemtrails. If Joe Soap was able to say when contrails were going to persist and dissipate into cloud cover then they would have no reason to assume that it's in any way an insidious plan being carried out.

    You can actually use the Appleman Chart to predict such trails but unfortunately it depends on data which is only available for one part of Ireland (Valentia Island), and conditions can vary greatly between there and Dublin, for example.

    Chemtrails aside, I think there's still an interesting question in regards to the effect that persistent contrails have on diurnal temperatures and in turn on regional weather patterns.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 728 ✭✭✭joebucks


    Dr_Phil wrote: »
    Brilliant post :)

    Here are some of those mysterious ;) planes:



    I am actually amazed that so many people are obsessed by this "chemtrails theory", seriously though... Moreover, they think that spreading this bull will protect others, it's like working for one of those religious sects, utter madness! I wonder how much Internet traffic the "believers" generated on all these websites and blogs today any how much money went to their owners :rolleyes:

    I posted this already, maybe you chose to ignore it. Governments do have a record of spraying populations. The Chemtrail theory is not that far-fetched IMO.

    http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2002/apr/21/uk.medicalscience
    The Ministry of Defence turned large parts of the country into a giant laboratory to conduct a series of secret germ warfare tests on the public.
    A government report just released provides for the first time a comprehensive official history of Britain's biological weapons trials between 1940 and 1979.

    Many of these tests involved releasing potentially dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms over vast swaths of the population without the public being told.

    As for the video you posted- Were the contrails in the photos persistent? Did they stay in the sky for hours? Were the conditions measured to show why this happened? Is there an exact criteria that conditions must be at for these trails to persist?

    The best and only way to put this theory to bed would be
    1.to find what exact conditions cause these persistent trails.
    2. when these conditions occur, send up independent flights and if these independent flights cause persistent contrails then it would prove it is nothing to do with the aircraft or fuel and it is due to atmospheric conditions.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 37 A320-200


    joebucks wrote: »
    The best and only way to put this theory to bed would be
    1.to find what exact conditions cause these persistent trails.
    2. when these conditions occur, send up independent flights and if these independent flights cause persistent contrails then it would prove it is nothing to do with the aircraft or fuel and it is due to atmospheric conditions.

    I posted this already, maybe you chose to ignore it
    A320-200 wrote: »
    PS: If any of you actually care, the reason more contrails are seen during winter is because Temperature at sea level is lower than in summer.
    If we say that Contrails form at a SAT of -40C, assuming the standard temperature lapse rate of 1.98C per 1000ft, and we say that Temp at MSL is 0C, an aircraft cruising at FL260 (26000ft on QNE (1013.25hPa)) will be flying in an air mass with a SAT of -51C. The same for summer temps (+20) would give a SAT of -31C. Hence: No contrails. The "Longer" contrails are a function of altitude and other atmospheric factors. When they dissipate they are basically Cirrus Cloud. Suspended Ice particles.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 728 ✭✭✭joebucks


    And thats me done, i cant be bothered discussing this proposterous idea any more.

    I thought you were done??
    A320-200 wrote: »
    Selective reading. Nice. I'll re quote it just for you.

    Nah man, I read it alright but I thought a couple of your observations were wrong
    A320-200 wrote: »

    PS: If any of you actually care, the reason more contrails are seen during winter is because Temperature at sea level is lower than in summer.

    This is wrong in my opinion. You see as much if not even more persistent contrails in the summer as you do in winter.

    If we say that Contrails form at a SAT of -40C, assuming the standard temperature lapse rate of 1.98C per 1000ft, and we say that Temp at MSL is 0C, an aircraft cruising at FL260 (26000ft on QNE (1013.25hPa)) will be flying in an air mass with a SAT of -51C. The same for summer temps (+20) would give a SAT of -31C. Hence: No contrails. The "Longer" contrails are a function of altitude and other atmospheric factors. When they dissipate they are basically Cirrus Cloud. Suspended Ice particles.

    What altitude and what other atmospheric factors?? What tests have been conducted to prove this?

    There is nothing sinister behind anything, it all just happens, everything is random.

    Interesting. Maybe that is a mantra they should teach to people who's loved ones have been victims of genocide and other such random things.


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 19,309 ✭✭✭✭alastair


    joebucks wrote: »
    IThis is wrong in my opinion. You see as much if not even more persistent contrails in the summer as you do in winter.

    I'll opt for measurable data over an uninformed opinion. But maybe that's just playing into the hands of the conspiracy, eh?


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  • Closed Accounts Posts: 1,627 ✭✭✭uprising2


    A320-200 wrote: »
    Lets just end this now.

    Can you tell me what this is?

    GORLO UL980 LAM UL179 CPT UL9 STU DCT TIPUR

    I'm guessing you can't, obviously.


    Can you tell me what this is?

    http://www.ead.eurocontrol.int/eadbasic/pamslight-6C56604A8A845CCD74013A57DE16AAA9/7FE5QZZF3FXUS/EN/Charts/ENR/AIRAC/EG_ENR_6_3_2_1_en_2010-11-18.pdf

    I'm guessing you can't, obviously.


    Can you tell me what this is?

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAO_Standard_Atmosphere


    I'm guessing you can't obviously.


    And lastly, were you born a spanner or was it a slow change?


    Bottom line is to try and at least educate yourself at least a tiny little bit before you go running your mouth off.

    *And yes, I am aware that this is a Conspiracies forum, but at least try and come up with some decent conspiracies, not just target aircraft as the "soft target" because people are just too ignorant.

    Getting upset coz people are picking on your relatives Mr Airbus?

    Can you tell me what this is?
    http://www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showpost.php?p=69452964&postcount=15

    Listen we've nothing against aircraft/soft targets, it's people who are the problem, aircraft are victims too.

    1:The first is all the aircraft you've logged into your aircraft spotting notebook in the past 24hrs.

    2: Is a link that doesn't work, about european airtraffic control maybe?

    3: Is a link to the different characteristics of different altitudes.

    What position am I in?, did I win?, what's the prize......the latest edition of CARA?
    A320-200 wrote: »
    Thats because its not a link.

    1 down, 2 to go.

    Not looking good.

    I would be interested to hear what you think 2 and 3 are.

    Just because someone has taken out a patent doesn't mean anything was done about it. Its just a patent.


    And thats me done, i cant be bothered discussing this proposterous idea any more.


    Yea it's just a patent, now owned by Raytheon:
    Raytheon Corp is already profiting from new weather warfare technologies. The world's fourth largest military weapons maker bought E-Systems in 1995, just one year after that military contractor bought APTI, holder of Bernard Eastlund's HAARP patents. Raytheon also owns General Dynamics, the world's leading manufacturer of military Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Raytheon reports the weather for NOAA through its Advanced Weather Information Processing System. According to researcher Brendan Bombaci of Durango , Colorado , these Raytheon computers are directly linked with their UAV weather modification drones.
    Bombaci reports that NOAA paid Raytheon more than $300 million for this “currently active, 10-year project.” She goes on to describe the Joint Environmental Toolkit used by the U.S. Air Force in its Weather Weapons System. Just the thing for planet tinkerers.

    Water resources are increasingly taxed by exploding demand and continued population growth. The world's population is projected to grow over 40% in the next 45 years.

    Weather modification, commonly known as cloud seeding cloud seeding
    the process through which cloud and precipitation development is influenced by the measured introduction of agents that can affect cloud and precipitation processes. The agents are generally designed to encourage the initial growth of cloud droplets or the development and growth of cloud ice.

    , is the application of scientific technology that can enhance a cloud's ability to produce precipitation. Weather Modification, Inc., is on the forefront of scientific technology to maximize water availability worldwide. Application of scientific concepts and extensive scientific experimentation has proven that cloud seeding increases the amount of precipitation.
    http://www.weathermodification.com/cloud-seeding.php

    Your aware chemtrails are real aren't you?, chemical's are sprayed into the air.
    This link used to have the info about a project in the UK:
    http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/research/pdf/geo-engineering-0409.pdf

    But as you can see it's vanished, but thanks to google I found reference to it on the house of commons website:
      - Injection of aerosols into the stratosphere or troposphere, surface albedo modification, ocean iron fertilisation and "air capture" schemes have the advantage that they could be implemented gradually and altered relatively easily.

    G[SIZE=-1]EO[/SIZE]-[SIZE=-1]ENGINEERING[/SIZE] [SIZE=-1]OPTIONS[/SIZE] 6. The following geo-engineering schemes, grouped into two categories, were considered in the Defra assessment paper:
      - Aerosol injection into either the stratosphere (upper atmosphere, where aerosols have a cooling effect by backscattering solar radiation) or troposphere (lower atmosphere, 0-15 km, where aerosols can increase cloud albedo and....
    http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmdius/50/50w3e27.htm

    So the idea that this subject is far-fetched is ridiculous, ignorance is bliss.


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