Mocks 2013 **READ FIRST POST BEFORE POSTING**

One was on ecology- be able to draw a pyramid of numbers. Why are pyramids of numbers good? What is the limitation of them?
One was on nervous system
One was state 2 differences between DNA and RNA.

Name two limitations when it comes to using the scientific method
There was also two questions on the heart. One was like, which part of the four chambers had the thickest walls and the other was why did you cut part of the heart thinly?

Photosynthesis - Light intensity/carbon dioxide exp.
Draw the graph and be able to label the axis.
What plant did you use?
Why did you use an aquatic plant instead of a land plant.

Immobilisation of Enzymes
What is mean't by immobilisation of an enzyme.
The exp was INVESTIGATING immobilization of an enzyme.
Why did you use sodium alginate and calcium chloride?
Why did you wash the beads first?
Name a factor that had to be maintained constant.
How did you maintain it.

Viruses! What is mean't by immunity.
Reproductive system. Be able to draw and label parts of the female reproductive system. The next question was on your diagram point arrows to were 1. egg fertilisation occurs 2. implantation occurs 3. egg production occurs. Also, it was something like (can't completely remember but, what was the hormones progestogen and oestrogen got to do with reproducing. You also had to briefly outline what events occur from the time of fertilisation to implantation.

There was another long question on respiration. You have to write the chemical equation for respiration. What is the function of respiration. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Also, they asked something on the acetyl CoA.

The ecology question was lovely! What is mean't by pollution and conservation. Outline the effects of pollution from either agricultural OR industrial. There was reading about some plant over in Florida causing damage so they sent insects on it to help the problem out. What was the disadvantage and advantage of using these insects. What is mean't my competition. Using a biological key. Know what plant you used in ecology trip.

Another long question was evolution. I only remember wee bits on this.
What is evolution? What is variation? Name one of the scientists involved in discovering this.

Long question on plant transportation. Can't really remember it because we didn't do that.

Blood was a long questions. What is the composition of plasma?
Outline three functions of the liver.

Bones: how do bones grow?
Give two functions OTHER THAN support for the function of a skeleton.
Possible symptoms/effects/how to resolve it on either osteoporosis or arthritis

Summary of dis, Caca milis, poems are spailipin fanacht mo ghra sa

Section 1: Q1.Name, describe and discuss the two stone carvings illustrated on the sheet: Newgrange entrance stone and turoe stone. Refer to form, fuctio decoration and techniques. Briefly discuss period.

Q2. Describe and discuss any two named gold objects from the bronze age. Refer to form, function and decoration. Discuss techniques used and sourcing of raw materials.

Section 2: The development of romanesque churches occured along four main pilgrimage routes in france. Discuss statement and make reference to the structure, layout and decoration of one named church. Name and discuss briefly one eg of romanesque sculpyure.

Section 3: Compare your experience of using exhibition catalogues, info sheete, tourist guides and websites to your experience of visiting a named exhibition. In answer make reference to the presentation and layout of one named exhibition.

the early christian ireland question is:
'The introduction of christianity to Ireland saw a change in the design and decoration of metal objects. Discuss this statement, naming and referring to the two examples illustrated on the sheet ( Ardagh Chalice and the derrynaflan paten)

renaissance

Renaissance: Paolo Uccello is credited with deneloping the art of prespective in Florence during the early renaissance. Discuss this statement with reference to his painting ''The Battle of San Romano''. Name and briefly discuss one other work by uccello or by another artist from this period.

Describe and discuss school of athens by Raphael. Make reference to the subject matter, composition, depiction of space and treatment of the human figure and name and briefly describe one other work by Raphael or by another artist from the high renaissance

There is also questions on ''primavera'' ''The estasy of saint teresa'' and ''Two ballet dancers in a dressing room''. If you want to know about these just ask.

SQ1: Food
-The only food test you needed to know was the starch one.
-Be able to name a reducing sugar
-I think there was something about triglyceride on some part of the exam but I'm not sure!
-I think you had to be able to give a condition caused by a deficiency in a named water-soluble vitamin.
-Defining a catabolic reaction was somewhere on the paper too!

SQ: Bone question
All about synovial joints
-Name a fixed joint
-Give an example of a synovial joint and state where it is.
-Point out cartilage and synovial fluid on diagram
-Know that a tendon connects bones and muscles.

SQ: Homeostasis
I didn't do it but I think you had to explain the importance of it and there was something to do with the pituitary gland.

Other SQ;
-To name a part of the cell that can only be seen under an electron microscope
-What is a passive process
-A part of the cell with a permeable membrane
-Why a plant in deionsed water would become turgid and the importance of a plant being turgid
-The stain you would use when examining a plant under a microscope

There was also a short question on Auxins.

The Enzyme Experiment Question
-What type of biomolecule an enzyme is
-The reason for using a pH buffer when testing how temperature effects enzymes
-Define a denatured enzyme
-The graph for enzyme pH test
-Name the enzyme used (and where it came from I think)
-Why you put the yeast in sodium alginate and why you dropped the beads into calcium chloride.

The Photosynthesis and Respiration Experiment Question
Light Intensity - The temperature you did the experiment at and why
-How you measured the rate of respiration
Yeast Alcohol -Why it had to be done anaerobically and how you achieved this and something about the limewater

The Yeast Agar Experiment
I didn't do this so the only part I remember was a control, diagram of apparatus and how did you dispose the experiment and why.

LQ: Nutrition
-Amylase (incl. It's optimum pH, where it's produced)
-Lipase (i think you need to know where it's made)
-Final products
-Mechanical breakdown beyond mouth
-The part of the small intestine where most of the absorption occurs and know how this part is adapted for the role
-The role of bile in digestion
-I think there was a question on what is stored in the liver
-Something about the veins/arteries entering the liver (I think)

LQ: Ecology
Part a) just be able to define parasitism and symbiosis and give an example of parasitism.
Part b and c -Name the habitat you studied, name an organism from it, define habitat and niche with respect to named organism, give a food chain of four trophics which includes the named organism, give two abiotic factors from habitat, the type of survey you would conduct for animal TYPES. There were also questions on the Nitrogen and CO2 cycles.

LQ: Genetics
There were two crosses one about cystic fibrosis (a genetic mutation)
The theory: define variation, mutation and Explain Mendell's Law of Segregation. There was also a statment along the lines of 'genetic mutations will fade out through generations' and you had to comment on it.

Other Long Questions
Photosynthesis and the eye and one other question came up together (two had to be answered)
The Eye: They gave a diagram and you had to name certain parts [including the suspensory ligament, the lens, and the pupil (one of either sclera, choroid, retina or fovea came up also)].
You had to be able to explain why there's a blind spot at the optic nerve, how the eye keeps it's shape and know about cones and rods. I think you also had to explain the function of the choroid. They also asked about light being controlled etc.
The only part I remember from photosynthesis is how ATP is made and they asked about the different stages.

The last long question had three parts and you had to answer two. This question included reproduction and the human reproduction system.

Short Questions:
Calculating marginal utilty
Something about the thoughts of economists (List 3)
Label an imperfect competition diagram
Functions of the NTMA
Importance of profits
Other ones that are all in exam papers

Q1 Law of demand, give your own example
Exceptions to it.
Definitions for - Composite demand curve
- Effective demand curve
- Derived demand curve
Marginal Utitlity Assumptions + Exceptions
Complete a table of Marginal Utility and some easu questions

Q2 MONOPOLY! Really easy marks if you study previous exam questions on monopoly.

Q3 Elasticity! Simple.

I did question Q6 and Q7 but I can't remember much about them it's all a blur, but if anyone has any specfic questions just ask me and I might remember.

Overall a pretty nice paper if you put some work in!

write a report for you school website in which you talk about your experience of taking a gap year

imagine you are on the Irish Paralympics team at 2012 Paralympics, write a talk you would give to a group of students outlining what it felt like to take part in the event

The ratio q

Breakeven