Jolie Flaky Grin wrote: » Artificial bone (not from your body or Xenograft) can be totally synthetic, bovine or from other humans (cadaver material). Mostly bovine bone is used as it has good long term results and decades of research. Its not really bovine...its starts life as bovine bone, from a heard of genetically controlled medical cows reared for the function. The bone is crushed and prepared by heating it to over 1000 C for 18 hours, incinerating any organic material and leaving only the inorganic matrix of minerals. This is then sterilised with gamma radiation. There is no cow cells, proteins or prions left in it. Very safe and very reputable. It acts as a matrix for your own bone growth. All these materials are extremely expensive, bovine included.