Gene therapy has successfully banished type 1 diabetes in dogs, the first
time this treatment has worked to treat the disease in a large animal, according
to a study published online in the journal
Diabetes earlier this month (February 1).
For the study, Spanish researchers induced diabetes in beagles between 6
months and 1 year old. They then injected the dogs’ skeletal muscles with
viruses carrying genes for insulin and glucokinase, an enzyme involved in
processing glucose. Following the treatment, the researcher confirmed that the
genes had been incorporated into the DNA of the dogs, which were able to
regulate their own blood sugar levels without medical help. And when they
exercised, they no longer had episodes of hypoglycemia.
Dogs that were injected with viruses carrying only the gene for insulin or
only the gene for glucokinase continued to have symptoms of diabetes, indicating
that the genes acted in concert.
Following more tests in dogs, the researchers hope to try out the treatment
in humans. But sources warned
New Scientist that the treatment might not work
the same way in humans that it did in canines, as the dogs’ diabetes was induced
by chemically destroying pancreas cells that produce insulin. In naturally
occurring type 1 diabetes, on the other hand, the immune system destroys the
insulin-producing cells.
Still, “this work is an interesting new avenue which may give us a
completely new type of treatment,” Matthew Hobbs, head of research at
Diabetes UK, told
New Scientist.