Notes etc. - Do not post copyright material

Religious belief and practice

In 1974, 91% of irish people attended mass, in 2002 this number declined
to 48%, these statistics show the decline of religious practice in Ireland. There are many reasons for this decline, Ireland has become more affluent and therefore there are many distractions for example shops being open on Sundays, people would rather go shopping than attend mass. Other reasons include, people work on Sundays and have less time for mass, the clergy don’t have the power they used to, the exposure of Ireland to other cultures and religions(examples are the first broadcast of rte in 1961 and people holidaying abroad more).
Religious belief has also declined, in the European values study there
was a 1% decline in belief in god from 1981 to 1999 there was also a 6% drop in life after death and a 3% drop in belief in heaven. These numbers are not huge but the decline is still there. The recent news headlines of abuse within the clergy may have contributed to this and also the exposure to new religions
There are some religious practices that were common in Ireland but
Have almost been forgotten and are rarely practiced, such as benediction, stations mass, rosary, and stations of the cross. Benediction is a ceremony in which the body of christ is put into a monstrous, it usually happens during October or may and is a celebration of the blessed sacrament.
The rosary is said in some homes every night and is highly associated
With lent. For every decade of the rosary 10 hail marys are said along with an our father and a glory be.. There are 4 sets of mysteries, the joyful mysteries, the sorrowful mysteries, the luminus mysteries and the glorious mysteries.
The stations mass was very popular in rural Ireland, it was a mass in
Which the local people would take in turns to host in their houses. It was a big deal for families and the house would be cleaned from top to bottom, walls would be painted, broken fixtures would be mended, meals would be cooked for the guests and the guests would wear their best clothes. The priest said mass and afterwards he would sleep and then the celebrations would begin.
The stations of the cross is where you follow the events of jesus’ death
and for each one say a hail mary an our father and a glory be… . For each station there is a picture of the event happening from the time jesus was condemned to his death, there are a total of 14 stations.
Most of these religious practices are either rarely done or not done at all
This is an indication of the drop in religious practice in Ireland, which shows that less people spend time doing things associated to god.

Transport in plants

Water transport in plants

The flow of water from the roots to the leaves of a plant is called the transpiration system. Water is lost through tiny pores in the leaf called stomata. As water is lost through the leaves more is sucked up through the xylem vessels from the roots to replace it
Factors that affect transpiration
Sunlight - bright sunlight causes stomata to open wider which allows more water to evaporate
Wind - a gentle breeze increases transpiration as it blows away the water vapour away allowing water vapour to follow from the leaf
Humidity - low humidity increases transpiration because the air outside the leaf is not already full of water vapour
Soil water - high amounts of soil water will mean more water will be transpired

Food transport in plants

Food is transported from the leaf to the rest of the plant in the phloem vessels

Sensitivity in plants

Phototropism

Phototropism is the growth of a plant in response to light, the stem grows towards the light to allow more photosynthesis to take place.

Geotropism

Geotropism is the growth of a plant’s roots in response to gravity. This causes the roots to grow down in the soil for anchorage water and minerals.

Speed velocity & acceleration

Speed

Speed is the distance an object travels per unit time.
distance (m)
Speed= time (s)

Velocity

Velocity is speed in a given direction

Acceleration

Acceleration is the change in velocity per second
Change in velocity (m/s)
Acceleration= time taken (s)

When the velocity is decreasing it is called deceleration

Graphs

Graphs can be used to measure acceleration, a straight line graph shows that the acceleration is constant.

Weight

The weight of an object is the force of gravity acting on it. Weight is mesured
in newtons. Weight= mass (kg) x 10n/kg (earths gravity)
The earth has a gravitational pull of 10n/kg
The moon has a gravitational pull of 1.67 n/kg
A mountain has a gravitational pull of approx. 9 n/kg
Outer space has a gravitational pull of 0 n/kg. in other words an object in space would be weightless.
mass weight
Measured in kilograms Measured in newtons
Fixed never changes Varies, depending on where you are
Is a fixed property of all things Is a force or pull on something

Force work and power

Force

A force is anything that causes an object to move, it is measured in newtons(N)
Examples of forces- push, pull, weight, friction, electric & magnetic.
To measure a force a spring balance is used.
For every force there is an opposite and equal force.
Hookes law
Hookes law states that the extension of a spring is said to be in direct proportion to the size of the force applied to it.

Friction

Friction is the force which prevents easy movement between two objects in contact. Examples of friction are sandpaper, car tyres and rough soled tyres. To reduce friction we use a lubricant e.g. oil or grease.

Work

Work is when a force moves an object. The amount of work done depends on 2 things 1- force applied 2- distance an object is moved.
Work= force(n) x distance(m)
Work is measured in joules.

Power

Power is the rate at which work is done. Power is measured in watts(w).
work done (j)
Power= time taken (s)

Food and drink
Hambre y sed

Tengo hambre - I’m hungry
Tengo sed - I’m thirsty
Quierres comer/tomer algo?- would you like anything to eat/drink?
Quierro comer/tomer algo- I would like something to eat/drink
Que quierres comer/tomer?- what would you like to eat/drink

Vamos- lets go
Está lleno/llena- its full
Esta cerrado/cerreda- its closed
Mala suerte- bad luck
Entonces- in that case

Pizzería pizza parlour
Hamburguesería hamburger joint
Heladaría- ice-cream parlour
Cafetería- cafe
Restaurante restaurant

Food drink
Bocadillo- sandwich limonada- lemonade
Hamburguesa- burger coca cola- coke
Helado- ice cream agua- water
Pizza - pizza café: solo - normal
Tortilla- omelette con leche - with milk
Patatas fritas- chips/crisps leche- milk
Ensalada -salad batido- milkshake
Queso- cheese naranjada- orange juice
Jamon- ham
Chocolate- chocolate
Fresa- strawberry
Vainilla- vanilla

Oiga camarero
Oiga- excuse me
Qué van a tomar?- what are you going to have
para mí- for me
Algo más?- anything else?
Y para beber?- and to drink ?
Desputés- afterwards
Nada más- nothing else
Para usted?- what are you having (polite)
No hay- we don’t have
Ya no hay- there is none left
Qué rico- delicious
Qué aproveche- enjoy your meal

La cuenta
La cuenta- the bill
Tome usted- here you are
En total- in total
Más- plus
El dinero- money
El cambio- change

Los numeros
Cero-0 noventa-90
Diez-10 cien-100
Veinte-20 ciento diez-110
Veinticinco-25 doscientas-200
Treinta-30 trescientas-300
Treinta y cinco-35 cuatrocientas-400
Cuarenta-40 quinientas-500
Cincuanta-50 seiscientas-700
Sesenta-60 ochocientas-800
Setenta-70 novecientas-900
Ochenta-80 mil- 1,000

Que te pasa
Que te pasa?- whats the matter me duele____- my____ hurts
Me siento mal- I don’t feel well me voy a casa- I’m going home
Qué te duele- what hurts? Lo siento- im sorry
Te duele____?- does your __ hurt?

The body
El brazo- the arms la mano-the hand
La cabeza- the head la espalda- the back
Las muelas- the teeth la pierna- the leg
La garganta- the throat el pie- the foot
El estomago- the stomach la pelo- the hair

Comes
El desayuno- breakfast la merienda- afternoon snack
La comida- lunch la cena- dinner

Fruta
Plátano- banana pera- pear
Naranja- orange melocotón- peach
Límon- lemon uvas- grapes
Pina- pineapple melón- melon

Food that came from south america
Potatoes
Chocolate
Avocado
Wine
Turkey
Tomatoes

La moda
Clothes
La camisa- shirt la camiseta- t-shirt
La chaqueta- jacket la falda- skirt
El chaleco- waistcoat el jersey- jumper
El gorro- a cap las botas- boots
Las medias- tights el vestido- a dress
Los pantalones-trousers los vaqueros- jeans
Los zapatos- shoes los pantelones cortos- shorts

Qué me pongo
Qué me pongo?- what will I wear
Ponte….- wear…..
Me está bien ….- do I look good in ……
Me pongo…- I’m wearing…
La talla- size
Cuanto cuesta…- how much is …

Gramática
Este- this (masculine singular) ese- that (masculine singular)
Estos - this (masculine plural) esos- that (masculine plural)
Esta - this (feminine singular) esa- that (feminine singular)
Estas - this (feminine plural) esas- that feminine plural)

La talla
Qué talla tienes- what dress size are you
Qué numero usas- what shoe size are you

En la verbana
Quieres bailar?- would you like to dance
Qué … eres - how … you are
Eres muy… - you are very…
Qué … más bonitas tienes- what lovely … you have

Bailamos
Bailamos- lets dance derecho- right pon- put
Te enseno- I’ll show you átras- backwards enfrente- in front
Levanta- lift izquierdo- left al lado de- next to
Empieza- begin otra- other otra vez- again
Juntos- together cruza- cross el suelo- floor
Mueve- move delante- forward eso es- that’s it

Style
Point of View
The most outstanding aspect of To Kill a Mockingbird's construction lies in its distinctive narrative point of view. Scout Finch, who narrates in the first person ("I"), is nearly six years old when the novel opens. The story, however, is recalled by the adult Scout; this allows her first-person narrative to contain adult language and adult insights yet still maintain the innocent outlook of a child. The adult perspective also adds a measure of hindsight to the tale, allowing for a deeper examination of events. The narrative proceeds in a straightforward and linear fashion, only jumping in time when relating past events as background to some present occurrence. Scout's account is broken into two parts: the two years before the trial, and the summer of the trial and the autumn that follows. Some critics have proposed that Part II itself should have been broken into two parts, the trial and the Halloween pageant; William T. Going suggests that this arrangement would keep the latter section from "seeming altogether an anticlimax to the trial of Tom."
Setting
The setting of To Kill a Mockingbird is another big factor in the story, for the action never leaves the town of Maycomb, Alabama. Maycomb is described variously as "an old town," "an ancient town," and "a tired old town," suggesting a conservative place that is steeped in tradition and convention. Scout's description of the local courthouse reinforces this impression. The building combines large Greek-style pillars — the only remnants from the original building that burned years ago — with the early Victorian design of its replacement. The result is an architectural oddity that indicates "a people determined to preserve every physical scrap of the past." The time of the novel is also significant, for the years 1933 to 1935 were in the midst of the Great Depression. These economic hard times affected the entire town, for if farmers and other laborers made barely enough money to survive, they had no extra money with which they could pay professionals like doctors and lawyers. When Atticus renders a legal service for Walter Cunningham Sr., a farmer whose property rights are in question because of an entailment, he is repaid with goods such as firewood and nuts instead of cash. This history between the two men influences events during the novel; when a lynch mob appears at the local jail, Scout recognizes Cunningham as her father's former client. The conversation she strikes up with him recalls him to his senses, and he sheepishly leads the mob away.
Symbolism
As the title of the novel implies, the mockingbird serves as an important symbol throughout the narrative. When the children receive guns for Christmas, Atticus tells them it's all right to shoot at blue jays, but "it's a sin to kill a mockingbird." As Miss Maudie Atkinson explains, it would be thoughtlessly cruel to kill innocent creatures that "don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy." The mockingbirds are silent as Atticus takes to the street to shoot the rabid dog, and Scout describes a similar silence in the courtroom just prior to the jury pronouncing Tom Robinson guilty. The innocent but suffering mockingbird is recalled in an editorial B. B. Underwood writes about Robinson's death, and again when Scout tells her father that revealing Boo Radley's role in Bob Ewell's death would be "like shootin' a mockingbird." Another powerful symbol is contained in the snowman Scout and Jem build after Maycomb's rare snowfall. Because there is very little snow, Jem makes the base of the figure from mud; they then change their "morphodite" from black to white with a coating of snow. When Miss Maudie's house catches fire that night, the snow melts and the figure becomes black once again. Its transformation suggests that skin color is a limited distinction that reveals little about an individual's true worth.
Humor
One element of the novel's construction that shouldn't be overlooked is Lee's use of humor. The serious issues the novel grapples with are lightened by episodes that use irony and slapstick humor, among other techniques. Just prior to Bob Ewell's attack on the children, for instance, is a scene where Scout misses her cue during the Halloween pageant, only to make her entrance as a ham during Mrs. Merriweather's sober grand finale. Scout's matter-of-fact, childish recollections also provide entertainment; she recalls that when Dill ignored her, his "fiancee," in favor of Jem, "I beat him up twice but it did no good." Other characters are full of wit as well, Miss Maudie Atkinson in particular. When exasperated by Stephanie Crawford's tales of Boo Radley peeking in her windows at night, she replies, "What did you do, Stephanie, move over in the bed and make room for him?" Including such humorous portrayals of human faults enlivens a serious plot, adds depth to the characterizations, and creates a sense of familiarity and universality, all factors that have contributed to the success and popularity of the work

Indiego

does anyone have any spanish notes? there dosnt seem to ba any on here, the only language (apart from irish) seems to be french, am i the only person out there who does spanish?? :O lol

Cakes.

There is Spanish notes posted two posts before yours !!

It's not that easy to find the notes you're looking for, to be honest. While I like the idea of having a separate thread for each subject, that would clutter the forum, and would probably require a sub-forum.

What do you guys think?

Sub Forum for notes.

Azuraiii

Saved and Bookmarked.
THANK YOU.!

Troxck

M&S* wrote: »

The longest thing I think I have ever type, all my irish notes some stuff my be a bit of a joke to some of ye but it's the best I could put together
Irish phrases/Words for - letters, stories etc...
Le breis - More than
Is beag áit - Tis few places
Thar an ngealach le gliondar - Over the moon with happiness
Den chéad uair - For the first time
Ní mó ná sásta - Not happy
An chéad rud - The first thing
Thug mé faoi deara - I noticed
Ba bheag nar - Nearly
Ní raibh oiread is - These wasn't as mush as
Toisc/Mar- Because
Ní raibh aon dara rogha agam - I had no other choice
Taibhsíodh di - Seemed to her
Le hiontas - In wonder
Lig sé osna fháda - He let out a long sigh
Gan tracht - Not to mention
Lamh in uachtar - upper hand
Ní fhéadfadh sé - He wouldn't be able
De bhreis ar - As a result
Scaití/Uaireanta - Sometimes
Seafóideacha - Ridiculous
Snag anála - Deep breath
Aniar aduaidh - Very fast
Diadh ar ndiadh - Bit by bit
Gclaochlú suntasach - Remarkable change
Cúraimí an tí - Responsibility of the house
Ar bhealach - In a way
Mar sin de - Because of this
Gan smaoineamh - Without thinking
Ba leor - Enough
Tháinig mé uirthí - I came upon
Bealach amháin no bealach - One way or another
Marófar mé - I will be killed
Gan choinne - Without warning
Ná hábair é - Don't mention it
Ar tí - About to
Den chuid is mó de - Most of the time
Gach uile chearn den tír - Every corner of the country
Anonn is anall - Backwards and forwards
Drogall - Reluctant
San ám céanna - At the same time
Géarghá - Real need
Cogar - Listen
Leag sé siúl ar - He layed his eyes on
Loinnir ina shúile - Glistening in his eyes
Ar mhullach snoic - At the top of the mountain
Snámh in aghaidh easa - Swimming against the tide
Loit/Mhill - Destroy
Coiméad/Cosaint/Saoradh - Protect
Mionlach - Minority
Formhór - Majority
Amhail is - Like as if
Bhí sé tagtha - He had come
Draíochta - Mystifying
Bhí socraithe acu - They decided
Torann na mbos - noise of the applause
Pé náire - Whatever shame
Ceannaireacht - Leadership
Is mó a bhraitheann - It depends
Go huile is go iomlán - Totally believing
Smacht a fháil orthu - Control over them
i bpreabadh na súil - In the blink of an eye
In ionad - Instead of
Ag dul iméid - Increasing
Tháinig loinnir ina shúile - His eyes lit up

Thank you will be helpful as I got moved up from pass and could impress the teacher! :cool:

I will be posting pretty much all my revision notes here from Christmas on, when I'll have my own laptop.

TehFionnster wrote: »

Cuir

Chuirfinn
Chuirfeá
Chuirfeadh sé/sí
Chuirfimís
Chuirfeadh sibh
Chuirfidís
Cuirfí

Cad é sin?

Saor Briathar.

Is é cósúil le "would be put"

mar shampla,

Cuirfí an cupán ar an mbord
= the cup would be put on the table.

Cakes.

The Módh Coniollach

TehFionnster wrote: »

Saor Briathar.

Is é cósúil le "would be put"

mar shampla,

Cuirfí an cupán ar an mbord
= the cup would be put on the table.

Do we need to know that? We've never done 'cuirfí' or similar for any verbs. And I have an unreal teacher.

Well, Its damn handy and we'll say "Déanfaí an oibre" shows a higher standard than say, "bheadh an obair déanta"

Plus, I find it easier to use than having to look up the verb you want.

Also, Have you done declensions?

TehFionnster wrote: »

Well, Its damn handy and we'll say "Déanfaí an oibre" shows a higher standard than say, "bheadh an obair déanta"

Plus, I find it easier to use than having to look up the verb you want.

Also, Have you done declensions?

Declensions? What are they? :rolleyes:

Brilliant, Haha, My teacher goes on about them the whole time and never does them so I don't have a clue :rolleyes:

Notaí Gaeilge Píosa a dó

Saor Briathar

Aimsir Chaite

An chéad réimniú

Briathra leathan: Briathra Caola:

-adh -eadh

An Dara Réimniú

Briathra leathan: Briathra Caola:

-aíodh -íodh

Aimsir Láithreach

An chéad Réimniú

Briathra leathan: Briathra Caola:

-tar -tear

An dara Réimniú

Briathra leathan: Briathra Caola:

-aítear -ítear

================================

Samplach Amháin:

Cuir:

Cuiradh x =x was put
Cuirtear x =x is put

Ceannaigh:

Ceannáiodh x = x was bought
Ceannaítear x = x is bought

Ná Usáid seimhú ná Urú sa Saor Briathar.
===========================================
Tá Aimsir Fháistineach agus Modh Cíonniollach ag teacht go luath

whistlin_boy

TehFionnster wrote: »

Notaí Gaeilge Píosa a dó

Saor Briathar

Aimsir Chaite

An chéad réimniú

Briathra leathan: Briathra Caola:

-adh -eadh

An Dara Réimniú

Briathra leathan: Briathra Caola:

-aíodh -íodh

Aimsir Láithreach

An chéad Réimniú

Briathra leathan: Briathra Caola:

-tar -tear

An dara Réimniú

Briathra leathan: Briathra Caola:

-aítear -ítear

================================

Samplach Amháin:

Cuir:

Cuiradh x =x was put
Cuirtear x =x is put

Ceannaigh:

Ceannáiodh x = x was bought
Ceannaítear x = x is bought

Ná Usáid seimhú ná Urú sa Saor Briathar.
===========================================
Tá Aimsir Fháistineach agus Modh Cíonniollach ag teacht go luath

This detail is mainly for use if you are looking for the top A grade at higher level junior cert level........it's very impressive though if you casn throw it into your writhing........an essay phrase you could use it for could cuirtear é ar shíntean agus tógadh é go dtí an t-ospideíl (spl?)

Anyone got any sample answers for a theme question for To Kill a Mockingbird, preferably an A-standard answer?

Edit: Nevermind, I have a good one, I think. I wouldn't mind a 'favourite scene' answer though on the court scene.

Indiego

hey guys,
anyone want help with anything in particular?

tbh i find the best type of revision for me is typing out notes for my friends etc. lol
so if anyone wants help with anything specific just let me know

my most concise subjects are homeec, spanish, science, maths, history, english (ive done to kill a mockingbird and romeo and juliet) and geography
dont be afraid to ask

Anyone wants Irish grammar notes, I'm yer man :P
Also, If ya want sample answers on :
Prós
An t-Ádh
An Gadaí
Filíocht
Anseo i lar an ghleanna
Fear Lasta Lampaí
:pac:

Indiego

anyone got any irish notes on:
prose:
David lang ar iarradh

poetry:
reitoig mharfach
teilifis
fear leasta lampai

??
also, for the poetry, is 3 enough, my teacher seems to think so lol

Indiego wrote: »

anyone got any irish notes on:
prose:
David lang ar iarradh

poetry:
reitoig mharfach
teilifis
fear leasta lampai

??
also, for the poetry, is 3 enough, my teacher seems to think so lol

Honestly, I don't think so. I'll post up a sample answer for Subh Milis for you over Christmas. Learn that and you should be fine. You would probably be grand with that alone. It's just so simple and covers a lot.

Cakes.

You should be grand as Fear Leasta Lampai covers a lot of themes

decisions

I only had one poem and I was fine just make sure what you learn covers a lot of themes

Cakesofrice wrote: »

You should be grand as Fear Leasta Lampai covers a lot of themes

I'd say listen to this tbh. I haven't done any of those poems, so I wouldn't know what they cover. Would do no harm to learn a 4th though.

niaroh1x96

M&S* wrote: »

The longest thing I think I have ever type, all my irish notes some stuff my be a bit of a joke to some of ye but it's the best I could put together
Irish phrases/Words for - letters, stories etc...

Le breis - More than
Is beag áit - Tis few places
Thar an ngealach le gliondar - Over the moon with happiness
Den chéad uair - For the first time
Ní mó ná sásta - Not happy
An chéad rud - The first thing
Thug mé faoi deara - I noticed
Ba bheag nar - Nearly
Ní raibh oiread is - These wasn't as mush as
Toisc/Mar- Because
Ní raibh aon dara rogha agam - I had no other choice
Taibhsíodh di - Seemed to her
Le hiontas - In wonder
Lig sé osna fháda - He let out a long sigh
Gan tracht - Not to mention
Lamh in uachtar - upper hand
Ní fhéadfadh sé - He wouldn't be able
De bhreis ar - As a result
Scaití/Uaireanta - Sometimes
Seafóideacha - Ridiculous
Snag anála - Deep breath
Aniar aduaidh - Very fast
Diadh ar ndiadh - Bit by bit
Gclaochlú suntasach - Remarkable change
Cúraimí an tí - Responsibility of the house
Ar bhealach - In a way
Mar sin de - Because of this
Gan smaoineamh - Without thinking
Ba leor - Enough
Tháinig mé uirthí - I came upon
Bealach amháin no bealach - One way or another
Marófar mé - I will be killed
Gan choinne - Without warning
Ná hábair é - Don't mention it
Ar tí - About to
Den chuid is mó de - Most of the time
Gach uile chearn den tír - Every corner of the country
Anonn is anall - Backwards and forwards
Drogall - Reluctant
San ám céanna - At the same time
Géarghá - Real need
Cogar - Listen
Leag sé siúl ar - He layed his eyes on
Loinnir ina shúile - Glistening in his eyes
Ar mhullach snoic - At the top of the mountain
Snámh in aghaidh easa - Swimming against the tide
Loit/Mhill - Destroy
Coiméad/Cosaint/Saoradh - Protect
Mionlach - Minority
Formhór - Majority
Amhail is - Like as if
Bhí sé tagtha - He had come
Draíochta - Mystifying
Bhí socraithe acu - They decided
Torann na mbos - noise of the applause
Pé náire - Whatever shame
Ceannaireacht - Leadership
Is mó a bhraitheann - It depends
Go huile is go iomlán - Totally believing
Smacht a fháil orthu - Control over them
i bpreabadh na súil - In the blink of an eye
In ionad - Instead of
Ag dul iméid - Increasing
Tháinig loinnir ina shúile - His eyes lit up

brilliant!:D, Thank you! Any more Irish grammar would be greatly appreciated!;) ...I have good notes on Geog, English (Roll of Thunder) , Maths, Science, C.S.P.E., French, Technology if any1 would like them :pac: