Notes etc. - Do not post copyright material

joeballs wrote: »

hi lads, im really stuck for tech graph my teacher is useless and has only done two ordinary questions with us !!! I have my mock tomorrow , any chance of a little help for the higher level paper?

What kind of help do you need for tech graph? Not really many notes or anything like that for tech graph, is it the paper you're asking for, because that's not allowed here. Even then, with the tech graph paper you'll need to know how to do the drawings rather than simply know what's coming up. The same things come up in every drawing every year, it's just a different drawing.

If you need any help, I can offer it here, I got 95% in my tech graph exam, mainly because of how brilliant our teacher is!

joeballs wrote: »

i understand what is coming up in the paper it is just that i amn't great at drawing parables, tangets and rotations etc. i am okay with most part A's of each question as they simple and straight forward. It is when you are asked to find the true shape of surface s and bits like that. My major problems are with rotations, ellipses parables and tangents... Any help in that area would be great

Look through your book and where it tells you to do the constuctions. You'll need to know how to draw a parabola (they're quite simple to be honest), an elipse when only given the major axis (or only the minor axis), a tangent to an elipse from an external point. Try just doing some rough drawings of each of them on bits of paper with the book telling you how.

Rotations shouldn't be too hard. The elevation is given to you and It's really just a matter of sending your points down, rotating them shouldn't be too hard, remember to look at the method in your book and make sure you know how to rotate them, bring them up to the end elevation. Bring the points across from the elevation to the end elevation. Make sure to divide up your circles into 12 with your 60 degree set square.

Also remember that if you can't do a part of the drawing, just guess it as a lot of bits aren't really worth that many marks as long as you know the method of drawing the drawing. for example, if there's an angle you can't find in the elevation of a rotations question, guess it and just complete the rotation.

Not sure if this is much help, good luck.

hope this helps someone

YEAR 3


POLITICAL CHANGE IN 20TH CENTURY IRELAND

1. POLITICAL GROUPS IN 20TH CENTURY IRELAND

Governing Ireland
• Irish MPs and lords in Westminster
• Lord Lieutenant represented King
• Chief Secretary represented British government

Nationalists
Vast majority supported Irish Parliamentary Party (Home Rule Party).
Led by John Redmond
84 of 105 seats in 1910
Home Rule meant a parliament in Dublin to deal with internal affairs
Peaceful means.
Had support of the Liberal Party.

IRB
Secret revolutionary organisation
Responsible for 1867 Fenian Rising
Complete independent Republic
Supported by Irish in USA

Sinn Féin
Arthur Griffith 1905
Dual monarchy
Abstentionist
Tariffs to develop industry
Small until after 1916

Unionists
Wanted to stay in UK. No HR. 3 reasons
1. Felt British
2. Home rule = Rome rule
3. Fear of losing trade links
Carson and Craig
Supported by Conservatives (Empire would fall apart)

Labour Movement
Poor state of workers in Ireland
James Larkin from Liverpool set up ITGWU
William Martin Murphy and Employers Federation = Lockout
Police, government and Catholic Church supported employers.
After 5 months workers defeated
ITGWU did not die


2. THE HOME RULE CRISIS

The Home Rule Bill
1910 the Liberal government needed the support of the Home Rule Party (84 seats)
1911 Liberals passed The Parliament Act. House of Lords could only delay bills for 2 years.
1912 Third Home Rule Bill became law.
1914 WW1 broke out.
1916 the Irish didn’t want HR

Unionist Opposition
Took different forms
• Demonstrations and speeches by Carson and Craig
• Solemn League and Covenant
• UVF
• Larne (35000 rifles)
The Curragh Mutiny

Nationalist Reaction
Eoin MacNeill wrote ‘The North Began’
IVF
IRB involvement
Howth gun running (900 rifles) Asgard
WW1 stopped Civil War



3. REACTION TO WORLD WAR 1

Unionists joined 36th Ulster Division to show support for the union
Redmond at Woodenbridge split IVF
Those who supported Redmond became the National Volunteers and joined the British army
Those who supported MacNeill kept IVF name (IRB mainly)
250,000 Irishmen fought in WW1. 30,000 to 40,000 died


4. THE 1916 RISING

Plans for a Rising
IRB ‘England’s difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity’
Military Council (Thomas Clarke, Patrick Pearse, Sean McDermott, Thomas Mac Donough, Joseph Plunkett and Eamon Ceannt)
James Connolly and the Irish Citizen’s Army persuaded to join.
Roger Casement. 20,000 rifles from Germany on the Aud.
MacNeill would not take part unless they were attacked first. The Castle document was forged. MacNeill was deceived and agreed to allow the IVF take part at Easter

Plans go wrong
Aud captured and scuttled. Casement arrested and hanged.
MacNeill found out the Castle Document was a forgery and called off manoeuvres on Easter Sunday

The Rising goes ahead
Military Council decided to go ahead on Easter Monday.
Rising confined to Dublin and bound for military failure
Pearse and the Proclamation
1500 rebels took key buildings in the city (GPO, Boland’s Mills, Jacob’s Factory, The Four Courts)
Failure to take Dublin Castle a big mistake.
British reinforcements from the Curragh and England.
The Helga shelled the GPO
Saturday, unconditional surrender

The Results of the Rising
1. 500 killed, more injured, much damage
2. Dubliners angry with rebels
3. Martial law (2000 interned)
4. 90 sentenced to death. 15 executed in Kilmainham Jail. Irish minds were changed. Home Rule finished.
5. Sinn Féin got blamed and became popular. It changed its aim to an Irish Republic. DeValera became its leader.

The Conscription Crisis
Compulsory military service further boosted Sinn Fein’s popularity

The 1918 General Election
73 seats for Sinn Fein
Called their MPs Teachtaí Dála and refused to take seats.
1919 Dáil Éireann set up.




5. THE INDEPENDENCE STRUGGLE

Sinn Féin and the First Dail
1919 Mansion House
27 TDs only, jail or on the run
First meeting issued:
• Declaration of Independence
• A message to the Free Nations of the World
• A programme to improve living and working conditions
At a later meeting DeValera (rescued) elected president
Collins was Minister for Finance; Markieviec (labour), Griffith (home affairs and vice-president)
The Dail:
• Got control of Local gov.
• Set up their own courts
• Got loans

The War of Independence
Same day of First Dail, Soloheadbeg happened (Breen, Treacy and others). 2 RIC dead, gelignite.
Early stages, RIC main target of guerrilla campaign.
Collins: Director of Intelligence. The Squad. £10,000 reward on his head.
Flying Columns (Tom Barry, Liam Lynch, Ernie O Malley) victories at Kilmichael and Crossbarry.

The British Response
Black and tans
Auxiliaries
Could not cope with guerrilla warfare and carried out reprisals (Cork, Balbriggan, burnings, beatings and murder)
The Government of Ireland Act 1920 offered Home Rule to North and South. Ulster Unionists accepted and Northern Ireland state was formed.

Major incidents of the War of Independence
• Tomás MacCurtain,s murder
• Terence MacSwiney’s 74 day hunger strike
• Bloody Sunday 21st of Nov 1920. 11 agents killed. 12 in Croke park (Michael Hogan).
• Burning of Customs House (80 of Dublin brigade gone)

Peace
People wanted peace. IRA out of ammo and short of men.
Bad publicity for British gov. Costing a lot of money
DeValera and Lloyd George agreed a ceasefire.

Treaty Negotiations
DeV refused to go (Knew a Republic not on offer?)
SF delegation: Collins and Griffith were main Irish negotiators
British reps: Lloyd George (P.M), Churchill, Birkenhead and Chamberlain were experienced
Talks held in London
Irish delegates had to report back to Cabinet
Irish wanted Unity British insisted on loyalty to Crown and Empire
L.G. gave them an ultimatum: sign or face renewal of war

Terms of Treaty
Created a 26 county Irish Free State
Governor General=King’s rep in Ireland
TD’s had to take oath of allegiance to King
British retained 3 Treaty ports for naval use (Cobh, Lough Swilly, Berehaven)
Ireland was a dominion of British Commonwealth = status as Canada
Boundary Commision to look at border between IFS and N. Ireland (Collins and Griffith told by LG that this would make N. Ireland unfeasible as a separate entity)

Treaty Debates
Pro-Treaty: Collins Griffith Cosgrave: ‘The freedom to achieve freedom’, best deal that could be got.
Anti-Treaty: DeV, Stack, Brugha, Markievicz: Betrayal of Republican martyrs, couldn’t accept Oath to King.
Vote: Pro-Treaty 64 Anti-Treaty 57. DeV and his followers walk out: ‘The majority have no right to do wrong’.


6. THE IRISH CIVIL WAR

Divisions
Pro-Treaty (Regulars or Free State Army) V Anti Treaty (Irregulars or Republicans)
Both sides grabbed barracks as the British left
Irregulars took 4 Courts
Collins won election well. When 4 Courts Irregulars took a Regular general, Collins attacked them. He won easily with British artillery.

The Munster Republic
Limerick to Waterford
Collins used ships

Death of Collins and Griffith
August 1922
Griffith had brain haemorrhage
Beal na mBlath
WT Cosgrave and Kevin O Higgins took over

Guerilla Warfare
Did not work well because:
• Free State had support of most people
• They knew the land as well
Great brutality on both sides
April 1923 Liam Lynch killed. Frank Aiken and DeV called a ceasefire

Results
• Death and destruction
• Lost leaders
• Bitterness
• Political Parties


7. CUMANN NA nGAEDHEAL IN POWER 1923-1932

Aims:
• Establish law and order
• Rebuild the economy
• Manage relations with Britain (Anglo-Irish relations)
After the Treaty
• Irish Free State is made up of 26 counties
• Irish Free State is a member (dominion) of the British Commonwealth
• Oireachtas, Dail, Seanad are established
• Oath of Allegiance to King by TDs
• Governor General represents King in Ireland
• British control 3 Treaty ports- Cobh, Lough Swilly, and Berehaven. Important for British security.

Law and Order

• Garda (unarmed) set up
• Courts system is established (District Court, Circuit Court, High Court, Supreme Court)
• Public Safety Act (gives Government wide powers of arrest)
• The Army Mutiny (Old IRA members of army dissatisfied with redundancy and progress to republic). Richard Mulcahy (defence minister) resigned and leaders arrested. Important to control army. O’Higgins sorted it.


The Economy
• Concentration on agriculture (loans to farmers (ACC), better breeding)
• The Shannon Scheme (ESB)
• Sugar industry

Relations with Britain

• The Boundary Commission 1925- no change. Cosgrave signed off on partition. Republican elements unhappy-not using Treaty as a ‘Stepping Stone’.
• IFS joined League of Nations in 1923. British unhappy with this.
• IFS sent diplomats to other countries. British unhappy…they said there was already a Commonwealth representative there.
• 1931 Statute of Westminster (allowed members to change any laws made for them by the British parliament). DeV uses this to good effect.

Reasons for Decline of Cumann na nGaedhael
• Blamed for the failure of the Boundary Commission
• Great Depression caused by Wall St Crash of 1929
• Cut in pay for teachers and garda-unpopular
• Popularity of Fianna Fail- provided good opposition
• People were tired of same faces; they wanted a change after 10 years of CnaG.


8. FIANNA FAIL IN POWER

Dismantling the Treaty
• Used the Statute of Westminster to abolish the Oath
• Got rid of the Governor General (ignored him, boycotted events he was at)
• Removed the king as head of state (during abdication crisis)
• 1937 New Constitution (no mention of King)

The New Constitution (Bunreacht na hEireann)
• The name ‘Taoiseach’ replaced old title of ‘President of Executive Council’
• Douglas Hyde became 1st President
• Articles 2 and 3-said constitution was for 32 counties.
• Special position of Catholic Church recognised
• New name: Eire not Free State

The IRA and the Blueshirts
On taking power DeV released the IRA prisoners who disrupted C na G meetings. He outlawed IRA in 1936 after a number of murders and bank raids.
ACA elected Eoin O Duffy as leader. Blueshirts. Adopted Fascist characteristics (salute, uniform). DeV banned them after planned march on Glasnevin.
Joined with C na G to form Fine Gael. O Duffy was first leader. Unpopular so went to Spanish Civil War.

The Economic War
DeV refused to pay the Land Annuities.
British put tariffs on Irish cattle (20%). Irish put tariffs on British goods (5%). Ireland hardest hit.
Anglo- Irish agreement 1938:
• £10 million compensation paid to Britain to end land annuities
• Free Trade
• 3 Treaty ports returned (Cobh, Lough Swilly, Berehaven)

The Economy
Sean Lemass (Industry and Commerce) put Protectionism in place. Helped infant industry but poor quality goods at high prices.
Irish Sugar and Aer Lingus set up.

The Emergency
Neutral because:
• to show independence
• too weak

Emergency Powers Act:
• Censorship
• Army built up. LDF 250,000 men.

The IRA a danger to neutrality. Some executed, some died on hunger strike and some interned.
German spies. ‘Operation Green’
North Strand 34 dead.
Britain and US did not like our neutrality. Dev rejected their criticisms.

What Lemass (Minister for Supplies) did:
• Irish Shipping
• Rationing
• Turf replaced coal
• The glimmer man

9. 1948 – 1959

Defeat for DeValera because:
• People wanted a change
• Unemployment and emigration

1948 to 1951 The First Inter-Party government.
Fine Gael, Labour and Clan na Poblachta.
Taoiseach was John A Costello. Sean MacBride (external affairs), Noel Browne (Health).
Achievments:
• 1949 Republic
• Marshall Aid built houses and hospitals
• Rural electricification
• Fight against TB
• IDA set up to attract foreign industry to Ireland
• The Mother and Child scheme

1951- 1954 DeValera in power.
Better social welfare but still high unemployment and emigration

1954 – 1957 The Second Inter-Party government
• Joined UN
• Took action against IRA for border attacks (Clan na Poblachta pulled out of the government as a result)

1957-1959
DeV again interned IRA
1959 Dev became President for the next 14 years
Lemass took over as Taoiseach



9. SEAN LEMASS AND THE 1960s

Lemass appointed younger ministers like Lynch, Haughey and Donough O Malley

TK Whittaker drew up the First Programme for Economic Expansion, which:
• Got rid of Protectionism.
• Encouraged exports.
• Grants and tax concessions to attract foreign industry

Lemass met Terence O Neill.
New schools were built.
Free Secondary education introduced
First shopping centres built
Finglas, Ballymun, Ballyfermot etc.were built.
RTE set up
‘Swinging Sixties’
JFK arrived.

10. YEARS OF UNCERTAINTY 1966 –1985.

Jack Lynch as Taoiseach 1966 – 1973
1970 The Arms crisis. Blaney and Haughey and Blaney sacked. Boland resigned in sympathy. Haughey later acquitted.
The campaign to join the EEC. We signed up on the 1st January 1973.

The Coalition government 1973 – 1977
Fine Gael and Labour led by Liam Cosgrave.
Oil crisis led to inflation and unemployment. Taxes increased.
Sunningdale signed by Heath and Cosgrave but the new power-sharing agreement was broken by Unionist opposition
1974 Dublin and Monaghan bombings.

1977 – 1981 Fianna Fail returns
‘Give-away election’
1979 Lynch resigned and Haughey took over.

1981 Coalition under Garret Fitzgerald (FG and Lab)
1982 Haughey and FF in power for 10 months

1982 –1987 FG under Fitzgerald
Still inflation, debt, high taxes, emigration and unemployment.
Fitzgerald and Thatcher signed the Anglo-Irish agreement in 1985. It stated that the Republic would have a say in running Northern Ireland..

If anyone wants all the History notes for JC 2013 I have them all on a neatly organised PDF file from Mocks.ie, send me a private message or something with ur email and i can send them to you

i love everyone for putting these notes up
thank u sooooooooo much!!!!!!!!!xox

My sample answer for a people in history question,

Ancient Rome

I am a Roman general living in Ancient Rome. The Roman Empire stretches from as far as Hadrian's wall to Jerusalem. I control many legions (5,000 soldiers) who are divided into centuries (100 men). The city of Rome has about 1 million people. The most important buildings are found in the forum. There are courts, temples and large government buildings. I live in a private villa. It has an atrium, with a pool and peristylium. It has many statues of Gods. Mars is very important to me as a general, he is the God of war. Most of the rooms have mosaic floors and murals on the walls. Nearby are the insulae where the lower-class, the plebs live. The insulae are made of wood and are usually between 4 to 6 floors tall. Fires are common.

As the man, I am head of the family while my wife runs the household and directs the slaves. I wear a tunic with a toga when I go to the senate, my wife wears a stola. My sons are preparing to go to school to be in the army or politics. My daughter is learning to run a household for her planned marriage.

I like to go to the public baths to wash. I also enjoy the Circus maximus for chariot races and to the Colosseum for Gladiator fights.

NB: It's not a lot, but I've tried to cram pack facts into it, which is the main thing. I based it off info from a revision book I have, although it's quite similar to their example xD It should be fine.

Last 8 years for people in historys
Question 4- People In History
2012
A
Archaeologist
Renaissance Painter OUTSIDE Italy - Pieter Bruegel
Planter who received land
B
Revolutionary leader - George Washington (American Revolution)
A factory/mine owner
Political leader in 1960-1985 - Sean Lemass
2011
A
Person living in a named ancient civilisation OUTSIDE Ireland. - Pleb or Patrician
Monk in Celtic Ireland
Religious Reformer - Martin Luther

B
Leader on a voyage of Exploration - Christopher Columbus
Irish landowner who lost land in a named plantation
Leader in the struggle for Irish independence, 1900-1921. - Michael Collins
2010
A
Archaeologist
Lord or Lady of a medieval castle.
Planter who received land
B
Revolutionary Leader - George Washington (American Revolution)
Farm labourer during the Agricultural Revolution.
Named leader during Cold War Crisis - John F Kennedy (Cuban Missile Crisis)
2009
A
Person living in a named ancient civilisation OUTSIDE Ireland. - Pleb or Patrician
Monk in Celtic Ireland
Renaissance Painter OUTSIDE Italy - Pieter Bruegel

B
Leader on a voyage of Exploration - Christopher Columbus
A factory/mine owner
Person living in Southern/Northern Ireland during Emergency, 1939-45.


2008
A
Person living in ancient (pre-Christian) Ireland.
Lord or lady of a medieval castle.
Religious Reformer - Martin Luther
B
Planter who received land
German soldier in Operation Barbarossa (June 1941) or British or American soldier who took part in D-Day (June 1944).
Political leader in 1960-1985 - Sean Lemass
2007
A
Archaeologist
Monk in Celtic Ireland
Serf on medieval manor.
B
Renaissance Artist - Leonardo da Vinci
Mine/Factory worker
Leader in the struggle for Irish independence, 1900-1923 - Michael Collins
2006
A
Person living in a named ancient civilisation OUTSIDE Ireland. - Pleb or Patrician
Sailor on voyage of exploration
Planter who received land
B
Revolutionary Leader - George Washington (American Revolution)
Farm labourer during the Agricultural Revolution.
Named leader during Cold War Crisis - John F Kennedy (Cuban Missile Crisis)
2005
A
A person in ancient Ireland.
A monk in an early Irish monastery.
A knight living in a medieval castle.
B
Revolutionary Leader - George Washington (American Revolution)
Factory/mine owner
Leader in the struggle for Irish independence, 1900-1923 - Michael Collins or 
Person living in Northern Ireland during Emergency


2004
A
Archaeologist
Person living in a named ancient civilisation OUTSIDE Ireland. - Pleb or Patrician
Renaissance artist - Leonardo da Vinci
B
Planter who received land
Old person describing changes that have occurred in communications in Ireland since 1945
News reporter describing a major event during the Cold War, 1945-1963.

Closed ac wrote: »

Sample answer on "An tÁdh" le Padraig Ó Conaire:

Bas nó brón
(i) Is é an gearrscéal a roghnaigh mé ná An tÁdh le Pádraig Ó Conaire agus is é an téama a roghnaigh mé ná An Bás.
(ii) Bhí an scéalaí, Pádraig, agus a bheirt chairde Séamas agus Micilín i bhfolach mar nach raibh siad ag iarraidh aon obair a dhéanamh. Bhí Pádraig ag iarrraidh dul ag bádóireacht ach ní raibh an bheirt eile sásta mar go bhfuair siad léasadh an uair dheireanach a thóg siad bád amach gan cead mar go raibh sé chomh dáinséarach sin.
Bhí plean ag Pádraig, áfach. Dúirt sé go raibh Tom Beag ag dul go dtí margadh muc i nGarumna an lá sin agus gur cheart dóibh dul i ngan fhios do Tom. Bheartaigh siad dul i bhfolach sna málaí muc. Bheadh ar dhuine amháin fanacht chun a rá le Tom go raibh dhá mhuc eile sa bhád. Cé go raibh sé dáinsearach ní raibh aon duine sásta fanacht mar go raibh an triúr acu ag iarraidh dul amach sa bhád. Mar sin chuir siad ar chrannaibh é. Bhí ar an duine a tharraing an tráithnín ab fhaide fanacht. Fuair Pádraig an ceann ab fhaide agus bhí an-bhrón air.
Léim na buachaillí eile sa bhád. Tháinig Tom agus cúigear eile in éineacht leis. Rinne Pádraig iarracht dul ar bord i ngan fhios dóibh ach theip air. D’imigh an bád agus d’fhan Pádraig ag féachaint ar an mbád agus é éadmhar. Shuigh sé síos ar chloch agus thit sé ina chodladh ag smaoineamh ar an spórt is spraoi a bheadh ag Séamas agus Micilín.
Bhí an oíche ann nuair a dhúisigh sé. Agus é ar a shlí abhaile bhuail sé leis an máistir scoile agus máthair Mhicilín. Bhí siad ar thóir na mbuachaillí. D’inis Pádraig dóibh cá raibh na buachaillí eile. Thosaigh máthair Mhicilín ag caoineadh agus bhí ionadh ar Phádraig. Nuair a shroich sé a theach féin bhí a chlann ar fad agus athair Shéamais ag fanacht leis. D’inis sé a scéal arís agus d’fhág athair Shéamais gan focal a rá.
Ansin dúirt a mháthair leis go raibh an t-ádh leis mar go ndeachaigh an bád go tóin poill le Séamas agus Micilín ar bord. Nuair a chuala Pádraig go bhfuair na buachailí eile bás thuig sé go raibh tuismitheoirí an bheirt eile faoi ghruaim agus go raibh an t-ádh dearg leis agus lena theaghlach.

What does Bas mean? Is it like sadness? Also, is this essay generic, and will you lose marks for it? Thanks.

MmmPancakes wrote: »

Pretty sure bás = death, as a theme anyways

Well, that won't help for Spás anyways!

climate, weather an economic activities please