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Yiddish in Ireland

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  • Registered Users Posts: 15,630 ✭✭✭✭whisky_galore



    I was first introduced to it be some non jewish german friends who sing some of their songs

    "Bei Mir Bistu Shein" better known by the Germanized title Bei Mir Bist Du Schön became a smash hit in Germany in 1938 and hugely popular in the German expat community in the US as it was assumed to be an uncontroversial song in a southern German dialect, uproar occurred when its Jewish provenance was abruptly discovered, widely publicized by the press and promptly banned by the Nazis.


  • Registered Users Posts: 25,907 ✭✭✭✭Peregrinus


    Yiddish is basically a dialect of German, with a bunch of loan-words from Hebrew and various Slavic languages, written using the Hebrew alphabet. Most speakers of German can make some headway in understanding spoken Yiddish, but unless they are familiar with the the Hebrew alphabet the written language is not comprehensible to them.

    Hebrew was chosen as the official language for Israel for two reasons. First, as already pointed out, Yiddish was largely unknown to Sephardic Jews, but both Ashkenazi and Sephardic communities had some familiarity with Hebrew from religious study and liturgical uses. Secondly, secular Zionists were keen to claim Hebrew as a daily vernacular, rather than having an important aspect of Jewish history and culture be the preserve only of religious Jews.


  • Registered Users Posts: 5,504 ✭✭✭tac foley


    Ashamed to say i know very little Yiddish :o

    It is written in English. The capitalising of the letters OY in joys is deliberate. I guess you don't be's around us Jews much, eh? Oy.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 5,108 ✭✭✭pedroeibar1


    tac foley wrote: »
    I guess you don't be's around us Jews much, eh? Oy.
    No big surprise there Tac. Although the Jewish population in Ireland has increased by more than one third since 2000, the total number is now about 2,500, more than half living in the Dublin area. That gives a national ratio of about one to 2500 non-Jews. We goyim rarely get to meet a mench!


  • Registered Users Posts: 5,504 ✭✭✭tac foley


    Gevalt.


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  • Registered Users Posts: 15,176 ✭✭✭✭ILoveYourVibes


    tac foley wrote: »
    It is written in English. The capitalising of the letters OY in joys is deliberate. I guess you don't be's around us Jews much, eh? Oy.


    I am Jewish. My mom's grandparents spoke yiddish. I haven't a word though except maybe yiddish slang etc.

    Yes I gathered (the book ) it was written in English. :)


  • Registered Users Posts: 15,176 ✭✭✭✭ILoveYourVibes


    No big surprise there Tac. Although the Jewish population in Ireland has increased by more than one third since 2000, the total number is now about 2,500, more than half living in the Dublin area. That gives a national ratio of about one to 2500 non-Jews. We goyim rarely get to meet a mench!


    The increase was a lot of immigration of Jews from elsewhere. Israel (mostly IT people or finance) and eastern Europe.


  • Registered Users Posts: 5,504 ✭✭✭tac foley


    The increase was a lot of immigration of Jews from elsewhere. Israel (mostly IT people or finance) and eastern Europe.

    What's that? Jews LEAVING Israel to work in Ireland? What next?


  • Registered Users Posts: 15,176 ✭✭✭✭ILoveYourVibes


    tac foley wrote: »
    What's that? Jews LEAVING Israel to work in Ireland? What next?
    I know. They all seem to work in IT or finance. Also some poles.

    I am not sure if they will stay it seems to be projects they come over for about 2 yrs and then back to Israel some stay obv.


  • Registered Users Posts: 8,636 ✭✭✭feargale


    It would be interesting to know if Yiddish developed any distictive features in Ireland, such as borrowing local words etc. I'm sure it would be over the top to talk about an Irish dialect, given its relatively short life and the small number of speakers. Nonetheless.......


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  • Registered Users Posts: 15,176 ✭✭✭✭ILoveYourVibes


    feargale wrote: »
    It would be interesting to know if Yiddish developed any distictive features in Ireland, such as borrowing local words etc. I'm sure it would be over the top to talk about an Irish dialect, given its relatively short life and the small number of speakers. Nonetheless.......


    It would be litvish ....it does have a lot of borrowed words. But not just from English. Some particular to wherever the person was from or their background.

    So no not exactly an Irish dialect. Most hassidic communities use litvish chabad etc. Rabbi Zalman lent is a chabad rabbi.

    My grandad used to call an umbrella a zont. That is not yiddish as far as i know its russian.


  • Registered Users Posts: 15,176 ✭✭✭✭ILoveYourVibes


    Actually this is interesting James Connolly gave out his campaign leaflet in 1902 in a yiddish translation it says here.

    https://comeheretome.com/tag/james-connolly/

    2U3AK.jpg


  • Registered Users Posts: 5,301 ✭✭✭Snickers Man


    Considering the levels of immigration there are few Irish but many Yiddish loan words in American English in daily use.

    You might be wrong there. There is a fascinating book called How the Irish Invented Slang which attempts to attribute many slang terms in modern English, both British and American, to Gaelic Irish roots.

    Among these are familiar ones like "brogue" from bróg meaning a shoe and "dig", meaning to appreciate or to empathise with something from tuig, meaning to understand, both of which are I believe uncontroversially attributed to Irish roots.

    However he claimed as Irish in origin many other familiar terms such as "spick and span" from spiaca 's bán meaning brilliant and white. And "putting the kybosh" meaning to put a stop to something as coming from an cap báis meaning the death cap that a judge used to wear when handing down a death sentence.

    I say you "might" be wrong because the author was not a qualified linguist; he was merely an Irish American who was fascinated by some of the slang terms his Gaelic speaking grandfather had used and through gathering terms in English dictionaries for which the origin was unknown, he matched them to potential Gaelic expressions from which they might have been derived.

    As a consequence he was roundly denounced by many academics in the linguistic field because, as you probably know ;), specialists HATE it when amateurs encroach on their patch and offer their own suggestions and explanations.

    I have looked through his book and attempted to find alternative explanations for some of the terms he has studied and sure enough, my old OED has offered "origin unknown" in most if not all cases.

    Some of his claims are far-fetched but he has convinced me in the majority of cases.
    As one amateur to another :)


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 5,108 ✭✭✭pedroeibar1


    Some of his claims are far-fetched but he has convinced me in the majority of cases.
    As one amateur to another :)
    I am less convinced.;)

    I have not read that book but heard the author being interviewed at the time of its publication. While some word roots appear obvious, many of the claims were a little ‘stretched’ and alternative derivations were ignored. For example the kibosh/ceap báis notion has been around for quite a while and much debated. Its original use, in the early 19th century, neant ‘to castigate, overwhelm (a person or political party such as the British Whigs, who were criticized for failing to outlaw flogging in the military), perhaps originally meaning simply "to flog," from kirbaj, a whip (Arabic) [American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition.]

    I think the late Terry Dolan of UCD was one of the people I heard negatively criticizing the book, mainly on the grounds of poor timeline research. For e.g. I recall the book claims that ‘snazzy’ was an Irish loan word, from snas, meaning polished/ornamented. However ‘snazzy’ was first recorded in the 1930’s, which is very late for an Irish language import; also US lexicographers assert it is a combination of ‘snappy’ and ‘jazzy’, which fits the period accurately.

    It’s easy to make specious claims on word origin. Why not claim that the African-American idiom to ‘diss’ someone derives from the lenition of the Irish dímheas (disrespect)? In fact it is from Jamaican English slang, being a shortening of either (or both) ‘to disparage’ or ‘to disrespect’.

    I suggest the reason why Irish immigrants had little linguistic input in colloquial American English is due to culture. Most of the Famine-Irish who arrived in the US were rural, unskilled labourers; many were monoglot Irish speakers, but they were fast to learn and assimilate. Many of the Mittel-European Jewish arrivals often had trades (e.g. tailoring, retailing, jewellery) and ‘group work’ held them closer together socially/linguistically. Also, their language, used in religious ceremonies, was a binding factor, whereas the Irish had Latin.

    Yiddish, along with German, Dutch, Flemish and Scandinavian languages are from one branch – Germanic, whereas Gaelic is from a distinctly separate branch, Protoceltic, which separated from the main ‘European’ branch at an earlier stage. Would it not be easier for the sounds of a loan word to transfer within the Germanic languages than for one to migrate across the linguistic barrier, from Celtic to Germanic?


  • Registered Users Posts: 5,301 ✭✭✭Snickers Man


    For example the kibosh/ceap b notion has been around for quite a while and much debated. Its original use, in the early 19th century, neant ‘to castigate, overwhelm (a person or political party such as the British Whigs, who were criticized for failing to outlaw flogging in the military), perhaps originally meaning simply "to flog," from kirbaj, a whip (Arabic) [American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition.]

    So he might have been right then? I note in particular that the usage of kybosh is often "to put the kybosh on.." something, which I would suggest strengthens the case for the Irish interpretation.
    I recall the book claims that ‘snazzy’ was an Irish loan word, from snas, meaning polished/ornamented. However ‘snazzy’ was first recorded in the 1930’s, which is very late for an Irish language import; also US lexicographers assert it is a combination of ‘snappy’ and ‘jazzy’, which fits the period accurately.
    Snazzy was one of the cases in which I thought he was stretching a point, FWIW.

    I suggest the reason why Irish immigrants had little linguistic input in colloquial American English is due to culture. Most of the Famine-Irish who arrived in the US were rural, unskilled labourers; many were monoglot Irish speakers, but they were fast to learn and assimilate. Many of the Mittel-European Jewish arrivals often had trades (e.g. tailoring, retailing, jewellery) and ‘group work’ held them closer together socially/linguistically.

    Well I think that was just the point the author made: the Irish occupied the lower levels of society, at first, and therefore Irish words made their way into street talk, ie slang. Also, he claimed a lot of Irish words made it into the lingo of street crime and gambling. "Phoney" for example, he suggested came from fáinne meaning a ring, and it referred to fake items made of low-grade metal that Irish rascals would try and pass off as being valuable.

    Another example was ríomhadh meaning an act of reckoning, arranging or setting in order, from which the modern Irish word for a computer ríomhaire comes. He reckons (baboom) that this is where the word "River" as used in Hold 'Em poker originates from. The River card is the one that announces the final "reckoning" or decision on how strong a hand you have.

    Plausible?

    Another case, in which I suspect he was reaching a bit was when he claimed that the game of Poker itself comes from the Irish póca meaning a pocket. The implication being that in poker each player is playing against others as an equal and one's ability to stay in the game depends on the contents of one's own "pocket", instead of other games like blackjack where you are playing against the house and your bet is limited at the start of the game. Certainly you can raise your stakes during it, but that is your choice and you can not be forced out by an opponent outspending you because his póca is bigger than yours.

    Sure, pocket, is a reasonable etymology but in how many other languages does it sound like "poker"?
    Also, their language, used in religious ceremonies, was a binding factor, whereas the Irish had Latin.
    Woah! I don't think Yiddish was/is used in religious ceremonies. I thought that was exclusively Hebrew.

    I have only the most layman's knowledge of the revival of Hebrew as a vernacular in Israel but I believe it was chosen over Yiddish (amid much controversy) because all Jews would have been familiar with Hebrew at least as a ritual ceremonial language, albeit one which had to be modernised considerably for everyday use. Although Yiddish would have been a more widely spoken vernacular among early Zionist settlers, it was exclusively for the Ashkenazim (or Eastern European) Jews.

    Yiddish, along with German, Dutch, Flemish and Scandinavian languages are from one branch – Germanic, whereas Gaelic is from a distinctly separate branch, Protoceltic, which separated from the main ‘European’ branch at an earlier stage. Would it not be easier for the sounds of a loan word to transfer within the Germanic languages than for one to migrate across the linguistic barrier, from Celtic to Germanic?

    Not sure what specific point you are making here. There are several examples of words from around the Empire from languages with little or no link to European tongues that have entered English through familiarity. They include shampoo and khaki (from India) and "Karzi", meaning a toilet, from either Zulu or Swahili. Although the latter is less well known and more common among military personnel, who would have had more contact with Zulu and Swahili speakers than civilians.

    I remain curious and open minded about much of Mr Cassidy's efforts, while readily admitting that he probably stretched the case a bit in some instances to pad out his book.

    I also enjoy the wind-up effect he has had on specialist academics which is an interesting topic for these times but probably deserving of its own thread :)


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 5,995 ✭✭✭Ipso


    Winding up specialists at the cost of spreading disinformation is not something to be lauded. The title of the book alone should ring alarm bells.
    Some of the critiques I read gave the impression of starting with a premise and then it was a case of square peg meets round hole.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 5,108 ✭✭✭pedroeibar1


    I haven’t read the book and am unlikely to do so. Like Ipso I’m wary of that particular type of person/author. Why do some have such a complex that they have to assert the Irish roots (however tenuous) of everyone and everything?

    As for societal influence/street talk, in the 19th century the immigrant Irish were rural, mainly farm labourers and while there were pockets of them in big cities, most were widely dispersed throughout the US where English was the common language. Forced assimilation forced the new language on the monoglot Irish. OTOH the Jewish immigrants primarily had trades and were concentrated in or around cities/towns for work e.g. tailoring workshops. Hebrew was the ceremonial language, but Yiddish was the vernacular / lingua franca for communication among those Jews from the many Central European countries.

    The ‘póca derivation for ‘poker’ is another example of poor research and trying to force a square peg into a round hole - the card game we know as ‘poker’ was first described as such in the early 19th century and probably derives from similar games of that era - the German game Pochspiel or the French game called as Poque. Both words are derived from the word pochen, meaning to brag or bluff.

    Similar goes for the ‘river’ name for the final reckoning card: ‘river’ could easily be so called because it produces the ‘flood’ of winning cards. Even is an Irish root was sought, instead of the more convoluted derivation from ríomhaire, why not attribute it to roimh/roimhe (meaning ‘before’)?
    The jury is out on the etymology of ‘phoney/fáinne’ but the link is quite possible as it derives from a confidence-trick based on a ring and was first mentioned in 1889 as the ‘fawney rig’.

    All far from Yiddish, though.


  • Registered Users Posts: 5,301 ✭✭✭Snickers Man


    I haven’t read the book and am unlikely to do so. Like Ipso I’m wary of that particular type of person/author.

    That's a topic worthy of a thread all its own. And not just for this forum. ;)


  • Registered Users Posts: 957 ✭✭✭BloodyBill


    Of course when we discuss Irish influence on American English we leave out the hundreds of thousands if 18th century Scotch Irish. I would reckon that they had a huge impact on the American vernacular.


  • Registered Users Posts: 957 ✭✭✭BloodyBill


    I haven’t read the book and am unlikely to do so. Like Ipso I’m wary of that particular type of person/author. Why do some have such a complex that they have to assert the Irish roots (however tenuous) of everyone and everything?

    As for societal influence/street talk, in the 19th century the immigrant Irish were rural, mainly farm labourers and while there were pockets of them in big cities, most were widely dispersed throughout the US where English was the common language. Forced assimilation forced the new language on the monoglot Irish. OTOH the Jewish immigrants primarily had trades and were concentrated in or around cities/towns for work e.g. tailoring workshops. Hebrew was the ceremonial language, but Yiddish was the vernacular / lingua franca for communication among those Jews from the many Central European countries.

    The ‘póca derivation for ‘poker’ is another example of poor research and trying to force a square peg into a round hole - the card game we know as ‘poker’ was first described as such in the early 19th century and probably derives from similar games of that era - the German game Pochspiel or the French game called as Poque. Both words are derived from the word pochen, meaning to brag or bluff.

    Similar goes for the ‘river’ name for the final reckoning card: ‘river’ could easily be so called because it produces the ‘flood’ of winning cards. Even is an Irish root was sought, instead of the more convoluted derivation from ríomhaire, why not attribute it to roimh/roimhe (meaning ‘before’)?
    The jury is out on the etymology of ‘phoney/fáinne’ but the link is quite possible as it derives from a confidence-trick based on a ring and was first mentioned in 1889 as the ‘fawney rig’.

    All far from Yiddish, though.

    Most Irish stayed in big cities ,they didnt become farm labourers in anything like the numbers you might think. They had enough of farming ,especially the Irish from the west of Ireland . Some actually failed badly on the great plains prairie lands around Minnesota. The wealthier Protestant Irish did of course farm and became planters in the South. Funny how we always leave them out of any discussion on Irish in America.


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