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Irish Crime and Punishment - Executions, irish justice,gallows, folk lore.
Comments
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^ I hope no-one gets upset at that inclusion Nhead but I intended this thread to be about criminals or where there was something that was of particicular interest in the justice system and not to be any way political.0
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MarchDub reminded me of the notorious Shan Mohangi case - here is a booksellers description.Paperback. Featuring the 1963 murder of 16yr. old Hazel Mullen by medical student, Shan Mohangi. A book which provides for the first time a more accurate and disturbing account than the innuendo and rumour which hadn't been challenged for 30yrs. Illus. + Appendices. 174pp. p/back. From the library of true crime writer, Wilfred Gregg, with his personal b/plate. Vg+
http://www.laybooks.com/detail.asp?b=12691
There are some you tubes on the case from the Thou Shalt Not Kill Series - the Green Tureen.Politician exposed as man behind grisly Irish killing
By Sebastien Berger in Johannesburg
Monday March 23 2009
A former MP in South Africa has been forced to withdraw as candidate in next month's elections after being exposed as the man convicted of killing a Dublin teenager and chopping up her body after a row in a restaurant.
Shan Mohangi was 22 and a student at the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin in 1963 when he strangled his 16-year-old girlfriend Hazel Mullen and then dismembered her body.
The case gained notoriety after it emerged at his trial that Mohangi tried to dispose of her remains, including her severed head, by cooking them to the point of incineration in the oven of the restaurant where he worked as a part-time chef, the Green Tureen on Harcourt Street.
He served four years of a seven-year sentence before being deported back to South Africa after being convicted of manslaughter.
There he changed his name to Narentuk Jumuna and became a successful businessman in his home province of Natal, to the point that he became an MP for the ruling National Party in the House of Delegates, the Asians-only chamber of what was the Tricameral Parliament.
He has since switched his allegiance to the Independent Democrats, one of the opposition parties to the ruling African National Congress, and until his past was exposed he was placed at number five in its list for the KwaZulu-Natal provincial assembly at elections due on April 22.
South Africa uses a proportional representation system.
Haniff Hoosen, the party's secretary-general, said that as soon as reports of Jumuna's former identity emerged he confronted him.
The former MP then offered to resign from the list. (© The Telegraph, London)
- Sebastien Berger in Johannesburg
http://www.independent.ie/world-news/africa/politician-exposed-as-man-behind-grisly-irish-killing-1682337.html0 -
While browsing the internet I came accross a list of Irish Women Hanged -mostly for husband killing and with a partner.
snip
11th August 1849 : Catherine Dillon, Limerick Murder of her husband Daniel (Hanged with male co-defendant)
snip
There are some fascinating stories buried in that list.
One I've come across is the above, the Dillon case. Daniel Dillon was a well-known wife-beater and, with the knowledge of his wife/victim, his own family with a neighbouring family named Fogarty intended to teach him a lesson. However, the beating was too thorough and Dillon died as a result.
Several Dillons and Fogartys were tried for murder, Mrs Dillon also as a conspirator. The prosecution case revolved on the putative relationship between one of the Fogartys and Mrs. Dillon. The defence appeared to concentrate on denying the relationship rather than anything else and it would seem from the evidence that there was no such relationship.
Mrs Dillon was one of those found guilty, and according to the press of the day
‘Mrs. Dillon’s plea for mercy, on behalf of her six young children who would be orphaned, was ignored and she was hanged in a new dress she made on the Friday before her execution.’
Rs
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Manor Hamilton is not a place I would associate with hangings but
Article: "Rebellion of 1641
Letter : 4th December 1641
“This day by our Colonell’s command, a gallowes was erected upon the top of an hill neare the castle (Manor Hamilton) , and having about 24 prisoners in the castle he (Sir Frederick Hamilton) caused eight of them to be hanged up which had been at the burning of Ballyshannon in the County of Donegal, and at the burning of the iron works in the county of Fermanagh.”
The gallows was kept busy, for we find that a number of men were tried by and executed under martial law since the beginning of this Rebellion, whose names are given as below.
The Names of such as have been hanged at Manor Hamilton, by Martial Law since the beginning of this Rebellion
Dec. 3rd Turlogh Mac Clevor
Neale Mac Cluan
Manus O’Gallogher
Manus O’Hay
Dec 12th
Phelemy Duff Mac Cob
Dec 18th
Gelpatrick O’Kan
Brian O’Moriice
Dec 20th
Turlough O’Cally
Jan 2nd
Brian O’Cannan
Con. O’Rourk, the Colonell’s brother
Jan 8th
Connour Mac Shane
Glasse
MacLoughlin, the chief of his name
Aug 23rd
Owen Mac Garraghy
Cormack O’Cornan
Aug 31st
Shane Mac Skerrie
John Spence
Sept 10th
Capt Con O’Connour
Credagh Mac Derno
Cor Mac O’Hay, had been a Minister
Teig Mac Goane
Sept 1st
Brian Mac Diffit
Sept 17
Donnogh O’Dowde
Sept 19th
Granny O’Dowgan
Patrick O’Neale
Feb 2nd
John Witherspin
Feb 11th
Donnogh boy O’Bane
Mewe Mac Loughlin
Feb 22nd
Owen Mac Thomas Murray
Feb 26th Ferrall Mac Regan
Tutmultagh Mac Garraghy, subsheriffe deputy of Donegall
Cormack O’Hay’s wife neare kinswoman to O’Connour
Hugh O’Hart
O’Donnell O’Hart
Granny ny Kewe
Phelomy Mack A NAw
Gilpatrick O’Mullane
Laughlin O Degannian
Call boy Mac Garty
Donnogh O’Hart
Hugh O’Flin
James Roch, the chief Murtherer of the British at Sligo
Donnell O’Clery
Hugh O’Cullen
Glany O’Regan
James Wytherspin
July 12th
James Halfpenny
July 26th
Hugh O’Fay
Nov 4th
Captain Charles Mac Guire
Nov 26th Phelomy Mac Pierce
Dec 22nd
M. Gwyre
Jan 7th
Edmond MacGawran
Turrogh Beagh O’Mortelan
Brian O’Cuer
Feb 3rd Cormack O’Cuer
Cormack O’Quillan
Feb 18th
KAhill Mac Kan
Donnell Mac Glanaghy
William Mac Roregan"
Comment: Extracts from "The History of Enniskillen"
pages 222-225
Hangings Manorhamilton - Fermanagh
1641 Rebellion
The spellings below are as written in the History of Enniskillen and these were transcribed as written. It is not advisable to search this page for a particular placename or surname spelled as you know it.
Abbreviated first names : Jas = James, Jn/Jno = John or Jonathan, Xtopher = Christopher, Wm. = William, Alex. = Alexander, Richd = Richard, Pat = Patrick, Thos = Thomas, Chas=Charles, Edw=Edward, Will/Willm=William
http://www.from-ireland.net/history/Hangings,-1641,-Co.-Fermanagh
I am including this just to give a bit of balance and because of the sheer numbers recorded.0 -
Interesting that there were three women hanged (Granny O’Dowgan; Cormack O’Hay’s wife neare kinswoman to O’Connour; Granny ny Kewe).
Grainne would appear to have been a dangerous name, but better than that of the gentleman named Call boy Mac Garty hanged Feb 26th (presumably Cathal Bui McGarty?)
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Here is a little gem about a prolific jail escapeeToday In Irish History – Caught! Fugitive Criminal Lynchehaun Arrested, 5 January 1895
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Patricia Byrne discusses the capture of infamous criminal and later source of a literary legend, James Lynchehaun.
On Saturday morning, 5 January 1895, an excited crowd waited on the platform of Westport Railway Station. The train from Mulranny was expected and it carried, under heavy police escort, an infamous passenger. The fugitive criminal James Lynchehaun had been on the run for three months throughout that bitter winter and was tracked down the previous night in a hiding place at the home of James Gallagher of Shraheens, Achill. The prisoner was brought before the court in Westport.
The Mayo News correspondent at the scene reported that the handcuffed Lynchehaun appeared to have put on weight, sported side-whiskers and walked boldly through the crowd. The paper published a pencil sketch of his appearance as he entered the courtroom.
The Crime
It was in the darkness of an October night, three months earlier, on the remote northern edges of Achill that violent and terrifying events took place which would draw attention to the island from far and wide. Agnes McDonnell, and English woman and owner of an extensive estate in the townland of Valley, was brutally attacked and her home, the Valley House, burnt to the ground.
Dr Croly, who attended the injured woman, described the horrendous injuries he encountered: ‘Mrs McDonnell was in an almost lifeless condition. Her hair and nightdress were saturated with blood. Her pulse was trembling and barely perceptible. Her breathing was weak. Her body was almost cold.’
Agnes McDonnell survived the attack but lost her right eye and wore a veil in public for the rest of her life to conceal her disfigurement.
James Lynchehaun was Agnes McDonnell’s tenant and had been in dispute with her for some time. He was quickly arrested and charged. A week after the attack, the prisoner dramatically jumped from a long car at Polranny as he was being taken back to Castlebar Jail.
Conviction
The trial was held in Castlebar in July 1895 when James Lynchehaun and Agnes McDonnell faced one another for the first time since the attack. The Valley House crime scene was dramatically illustrated on a large, hand-drawn map by surveyor C.K. Dixon.
James Lynchehaun was found guilty and Justice Curtin pronounced sentence: ‘Your crime is murder, except for the accident that by a merciful intervention of providence this woman was endowed with splendid courage and vitality, though poor wreck she will live for a few and miserable years. The sentence of the court is penal servitude for life.’
Agnes McDonnell stayed on in Achill, managing her estate, worshipping at St Thomas’ Church and occasionally visiting her city home in London.
Notoriety
More would be heard of James Lynchehaun. Seven years after his conviction, he sensationally escaped from Maryborough prison and made his way to the United States. The authorities were determined to have him extradited back to Ireland to serve out his sentence. However, in a landmark court case in Indianapolis, Charles W Moores, US Commissioner, ruled that James Lynchehaun’s crime in Achill was a political one and the prisoner could, therefore, not be extradited. ‘Let the prisoner be discharged,’ he ordered.
James Lynchehaun was transformed from criminal outlaw to political hero. His status soared to new heights in 1907 when John Millington Synge’s The Playboy of the Western World – set in North Mayo – was premiered at the Abbey Theatre to riots and shouts of ‘Hurrah for Lynchehaun!’. Synge had included a reference to Lynchehaun in an earlier draft of the drama and had spoken of the indirect influence of the ‘Aran and Lynchehaun’ cases on the work.
James Joyce included a reference the infamous Achill man in Ulysses in his description of a bailiff: ‘He’s a cross between Lobengula and Lynchehaun.’ Stories abounded about Lynchehaun’s legendary exploits about which it became increasingly difficult to separate fact from fiction.
The End
On 2 December 1937, under the bold headline He Baffled Police of Two Countries, the Irish Independent reported that James Lynchehaun had died in Scotland. He had become a pathetic figure in his later years, spending some time as an inmate of the County Home in Castlebar, when it was reported that he applied to be placed on the voter register. The Connaught Telegraph recounted that, when told that his application was refused because he was an inmate of the Home, the fallen hero was said to have replied, ‘I have no other home.’
http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/01/05/today-in-irish-history-caught-fugitive-criminal-lynchehaun-arrested-5-january-1895/
I wonder what the dispute was about.
Was he a tenant who did not benefit under the land acts ?0 -
In all of that CDFM my concern is over the murder charge without a murder....Judicial system gone mad really!
The original definition of murder is from Sir Edward CokeMurder is when a man of sound memory, and of the age of discretion, unlawfully killeth within any country of the realm any reasonable creature in rerum natura under the King's peace, with malice aforethought, either expressed by the party or implied by law, so as the party wounded, or hurt, etc. die of the wound or hurt, etc. within a year and a day after the same.0 -
I got me a heretic
Heretic was burned at the stake
■ A man being burned at the stake for martyrdom in circumstances similar to those suffered by Black O'Toole.
Wednesday August 11 2010
DURING Easter 1327, a Wicklow man named Adam Dubh (the Black) O'Toole was burnt at the stake outside the walls of Dublin on Hoggen Green (now the College Green area close to St. Andrew's Church). The penalty imposed on Adam was extraordinary, as the burning of people in medieval Ireland was a rarity. Indeed, Adam's crime was equally extraordinary. His was heresy.
Although the execution of Adam would become notorious, we know very little about the man himself. The contemporary accounts of his execution tell us that he was the son of Walter O'Toole. This Walter was important among the O'Tooles as evidenced by the fact that he had a charter of English law and liberty, while he was the only O'Toole included on the jury to investigate the archdeaconry of Glendalough in 1299. That Adam came from noble stock seems to be confirmed by Holinshed's Chronicle (written in the 1600s), describing him as a gentleman of the O'Tooles.
Even so, very little is known of Adam's upbringing. Walter probably sent the young Adam to be educated by the church, as an Adam O'Toole appears as part of an ecclesiastical community in south Wexford during the early 1300s. It was probably then that he received his first teachings in theology. By the 1320s, however, Adam seems to have broken away from the established church. This may have been for many reasons. Increasingly, the church in Ireland had become enveloped in a struggle for control between the Irish and English nations. Also there was considerable frustration among the Irish at Pope John XXII's failure to chastise Edward II of England for the behaviour of the English in Ireland.
Against this background, Adam began preaching among the Irish of the Wicklow mountains. Clearly he had become extremely radical in his views, denouncing the See of Rome as false. The subjects of his sermons can be deduced from his own evidence of 1327. Interestingly, there appears to be echoes of Catharism in his beliefs, as he denied the Incarnation of Christ.
He also held that there could not be three persons in the one God.
Scandalously, he further claimed that the Virgin Mary had been a prostitute - asserting also that the resurrection of the dead and the scriptures were little more than fables. Nonetheless, Adam's views garnered a considerable following among the Wicklow Irish - contributing to their increasing attacks on the Pale. By early 1327 Adam's preaching had come to the attention of the church and the Dublin government, leading them to seek his arrest as a disturber of the peace.
Upon his arrest, Adam was tried for heresy and refused to recant, denouncing the beliefs of the church before rejecting the authority of the pope. His clerical judges pronounced him a heretic, sentencing him to burn for his heresies. With co-operation of the civil authorities, the sentence was carried before large crowds in April 1327.
Even though the heretic was consigned to the flames, Adam's legacy remained. For between 1328 and 1333, the justiciar of Ireland wrote to Pope John XXII that Adam's heresy was evidence of Irish depravity, claiming that because of his perverse doctrine '.. many souls among the Irish were lost and damned'.
http://www.wicklowpeople.ie/news/heretic-was-burned-at-the-stake-2293208.html0 -
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There are always goodies and baddies and one thing that always gets me is that Irish history always gets defined by the "struggle for independence " when there was a lot more to life.
So after reading about the execution of Ronnie Lee Gardner by firing squad in Utah yesterday made it an ideal time for a salacious themed thread about the subject.
Its not intended to be a judgemental or even politically correct or rigidly factual so a bit of folklore and ducking stools are welome too.
So I will kick off with a few.In 1640 the Bishop of Waterford and Lismore , John Atherton was convicted of buggery and executed under a law he had campaigned for
Before Stephens Green was a park it was even a leper colony. It was also a place of public execution. So who died there and why.Under what laws.
ALL other major towns, Kilkenny, Carlow etc had executions, floggings, brandings, public amputations etc and even a Mayor of Galway is supposed to have been the hangman for his own son.
The Lynch story could just be an urban legend. Hardimans history of Galway does not make reference to it.
in Dublin people were punished at the Cornmarket. one of the punishments was to ride the wooden horse.0 -
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The Lynch story could just be an urban legend. Hardimans history of Galway does not make reference to it.
in Dublin people were punished at the Cornmarket. one of the punishments was to ride the wooden horse.
I have never found a reference for the Lynch storybut when I heard it as a 9 year old it made me very suspicious o galway people.When I started the thread I had no idea what sources I would find .
I am surprised at how little there is .
Cornmarket you say, any info or pics on it ?0 -
According to this article in JSTOR there is at least one reference to the story from 1787 (33 years before Hardiman)
Mayor Lynch of Galway: A Review of the Tradition
James Mitchell
Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society
Vol. 38, (1981/1982), pp. 31-44
(article consists of 14 pages)
http://www.jstor.org/pss/25535518
The actual Window itself though is creation of the 19th century by the local Rector of St. Nicholas using assorted medieval fragments (including a De Burgh coat of arms)0 -
It's been a long time since I read Hardiman (been from Galway -- my dad has a copy) but on the following page you can see the Skul&Crossbones which was reused in the 19th century "Lynch's Window" it was taken from a house associated with the Lynch family.
http://books.google.ie/books?id=Lv8HAAAAQAAJ&dq=hardiman%20galway&pg=PA317#v=onepage&q&f=false
The image references Page 70 and Page 76 which the story is told in that series of pages:
http://books.google.ie/books?id=Lv8HAAAAQAAJ&dq=hardiman%20galway&pg=PA70#v=onepage&q&f=false
So the particular structure was upstanding at time that Hardiman wrote in 1820, however it was subsequently demolished along with row of houses on that side of St. Nicholas (Market Street). The Street was widened and the current "Lynch Window" was erected by the Rector. I'm going on memory here so I can't recall what his name was or when in 19th century this happened.
Row visible here on the Ordnance Survey map from 1837:
http://maps.osi.ie/publicviewer/#V1,529697,725243,7,80 -
I have never found a reference for the Lynch storybut when I heard it as a 9 year old it made me very suspicious o galway people.When I started the thread I had no idea what sources I would find .
I am surprised at how little there is .
Cornmarket you say, any info or pics on it ?
the Cornmarket reference I believe I cam across in Hidden Dublin or maybe another Dublin related book with 'Deadbeats and dossers' in the title.
I cannot recall if William Henry includes the Lynch tale in Hidden Galway. He certainly says nothing of the Claddagh Ring for which Galway is famous.
the Lynch window is from 1853. the hanging happened in 1492/3 and Lynch is said to have hanged his son from a 16th century window.
I wonder how Hardiman missed the 18th century reference to Lynch. According to the version of the tale on the display boards in the castle itself the pope of the time sent Lynch rosary beads. I wonder is there a record of this?0 -
Join Date:Posts: 4956
Here's a questionable argument that the Galway origin is a myth.
Note: there are some disturbing images in this link.Etymology
In the United States, the origin of term "lynching" or "lynch law" is traditionally attributed to a Virginia Quaker named Charles Lynch.
Charles Lynch (1736–1796), a Virginia planter and American Revolutionary who headed a county court in Virginia which punished Loyalist supporters of the British.[6]
The following are several improbable suggested sources of the word's origin:
William Lynch (1742–1820) from Virginia claimed that the phrase was first used for a 1780 compact signed by him and his neighbors in Pittsylvania County.
James Lynch Fitzstephen from Galway, Ireland, who was the Mayor of Galway when he hanged his own son from the balcony of his house after convicting him of the murder of a Spanish visitor in 1493.
Lingchi, a Chinese form of execution used from roughly AD 900 to 1905.
Archaic verb linch; to beat severely with a pliable instrument, to chastise or to maltreat.
There is little actual doubt as to where the term originates. During the Revolutionary War, Judge Charles Lynch imprisoned activists who were loyal to the British and who threatened the colonists' military situation.
In passing these sentences, comparatively mild though they were, the county court was transcending its powers; the General Court alone had jurisdiction in cases of treason. After the war, therefore, the Tories that had suffered at his hands threatened to prosecute Colonel Lynch and his friends, and the affair attracted wide attention. To avoid the trouble of a lawsuit, Lynch had the matter brought up before the legislature, of which he was still a member; and after a long and thorough debate, that aroused the interest of the whole country, the following act was passed : "Whereas divers evil-disposed persons in the year 1780 formed a conspiracy and did actually attempt to levy war against the commonwealth, and it is represented to the present General Assembly ... that Charles Lynch and other faithful citizens, aided by detachments of volunteers from different parts of the state, did by timely and effectual measures suppress such conspiracy, and whereas the measures taken for that purpose may not be strictly warranted by law although justifiable from the imminence of the danger, Be it therefore enacted that the said Charles Lynch and all other persons whatsoever concerned in suppressing the said conspiracy, or in advising, issuing, or exacting any orders or measures taken for that purpose, stand indemnified and exonerated of and from all pains, penalties, prosecutions, actions, suits, and damages on account thereof, And that if any indictment, prosecution, action or suit shall be laid or brought against them or any of them for any act or thing done therein, the defendant or defendants may plead in bar and give this act in evidence." The proceedings in Bedford which the legislature thus pronounced to be illegal, but justifiable, were imitated in other parts of the state, and came to be known by the name of "Lynch's Law." In justice to Colonel Lynch, it should be remembered that his action was taken at a time when the state was in the throes of a hostile invasion. The General Court, before which the conspirators should have been tried, was temporarily dispersed. Thomas Jefferson, then the governor of the state, was proving himself peculiarly incompetent to fill the position. The whole executive department was in a state of partial paralysis. It was, therefore, no spirit of insubordination or disregard of the law that induced Lynch to act as he did. There were few men living more inclined than this simple Quaker farmer to render due respect in word and deed to the established authorities. But the seed that had been sown sprung up and bore evil fruit... In 1796 he died, at the age of sixty, and was buried at his home on the banks of the Staunton, in a country which he had found a primeval wilderness... and which he left a prosperous, peaceful, and law-abiding community.
—Thomas Walker Page, "The Real Judge Lynch" (December 1901) The Atlantic Monthly
The Galway Lynch story is more than likely factual.
Did the the word Lynching probably came about as an amalgamation of the Virginian Lynch law and the event in 1493 in Galway.
(totally unconnected - in the JSTOR ref to Lynch House (?) '...and is called the Crossbones, now a Kip0 -
Does anyone know what the address of the green tureen was or what premises is on the site now?.0
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rounders123 wrote: »Does anyone know what the address of the green tureen was or what premises is on the site now?.
I think its 95 Harcourt Street , but am not sure.0 -
Join Date:Posts: 4956
I wonder if Wexford bridge holds the record as the venue for the greatest number of executions.
If not, it must at least hold the record for the most intensive barbarity and savagery.0 -
I noticed that in the hangings link there were very few in Cork proving yet again the superiority of the county and its peopleoncevotedff wrote: »
That website is clearly not a comprehensive or (remotely credible) complete list for Ireland.
Curious as to how and why the site claims a "Listing of all U.K. executions from 1735 - 1964."
Yet they only start in 1835 for Ireland!
Politically or conveniently ignorant perhaps! Missing out entirely the first generation of enforced union of 1801, and the many Irish victims of Colonial executions within the period claimed.
It is probably just coincidence, but those missing years did witness many Colonial rule executions in Ireland, so many as to raise some inner doubt, even among the most conveniently ignorant and ardent British Unionist romantic.
I have read historical records of the hundreds hanged in County Cork as named or alleged rebels involved in 1798. Those hangings and punishments for 1798, were mostly carried out between 1800 - 1805, but went on well into the next decade of that 19th Century.slowburner wrote: »I wonder if Wexford bridge holds the record as the venue for the greatest number of executions.
If not, it must at least hold the record for the most intensive barbarity and savagery.
Why do you say that? Is it likewise because of the Colonial executions of the early 19th Century?0 -
If you meant this link
That website is clearly not a comprehensive or (remotely credible) complete list for Ireland.
Curious as to how and why the site claims a "Listing of all U.K. executions from 1735 - 1964."
Yet they only start in 1835 for Ireland!
Politically or conveniently ignorant perhaps! Missing out entirely the first generation of enforced union of 1801, and the many Irish victims of Colonial executions within the period claimed.
It is probably just coincidence, but those missing years did witness many Colonial rule executions in Ireland, so many as to raise some inner doubt, even among the most conveniently ignorant and ardent British Unionist romantic.
I have read historical records of the hundreds hanged in County Cork as named or alleged rebels involved in 1798. Those hangings and punishments for 1798, were mostly carried out between 1800 - 1805, but went on well into the next decade of that 19th Century.
Why do you say that? Is it likewise because of the Colonial executions of the early 19th Century?0 -
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