Taking Care of Gravestones

Sounds like an old 1800's sandstone style headstone.
This is lichen on the headstone and it's seriously advised by heritage not to remove it.
Anything strong enough to remove it will speed up the deterioration of the stone.

Best practice is to leave it as is.

What date was the first burial on the headstone.

It is probably white marble. Soapy water,elbow grease and rinse off. Wont be perfect

Perhaps you could ask the advice of a local stonemason. Is it the lettering that is getting hard to read that bothers you? There are websites dedicated to photographing old and new headstones. Is there a record of it online with the inscription noted? I have seen gravestones that seem to have been professionally cleaned up/restored but only the section to make the lettering legible. Glasnevin have done a huge job of restoration in past 5 years. I am sure they would advise if you can manage to track down someone by phone. They removed all adjacent vegetation and repointed monuments... perhaps re erecting leaning over ones? I rechon they would have the 'expert' view on removal of algae. I thought algae has some special significance like an endangered species and hence was to be protected? My father used to clean headstones with bit of bleach and a soft brush but that would do for the algae Then a year or so later he arrived to find a community centre built over the grave. :mad::mad:

Yes building over old graves is shocking. But with most graveyards you only have a right to the plot for so many years depending on original agreement. Possibly it was sufficient to put up a notice on the site to inform people. This grave was from 1700;s and in England. I presume the stone is located elsewhere around the boundary of the graveyard but I never pursued the matter. It must have had a legible inscription as my father knew its location, perhaps from childhood days when it was less weathered? I really do not want to know did they disinter remains? I think I remember some stones being laid on the ground to form a path to the new building A more recent grave dating from 1899, has been allowed to become overgrown to form a wilderness area as a deliberate policy, well that cuts down on maintenance costs.

Do family members 'own' a headstone as distinct from the plot? Could you remove it altogether if there was a proposal to build a road or whatever over the land? I think the burial rights/ownership can be handed down in a will. Things to ponder!

Obviously the law is going to vary from place to place. But, at least in this corner of the globe, it's heavily influenced by the historical and social background.

1. Historically, people were buried in churchyards.

2. They didn't own the churchyards, natch, or even a tiny little corner of the churchyards. What they had was a right to be buried in the churchyard, usually arising out of the fact that they were resident in the parish.

3. Neither individuals nor families had any exclusive right to any particular corner of the churchyard. The incumbent of the parish decided who got buried where. The more long-established and socially influential a family was, the more likely it was that they had a corner of the churchyard which was treated as "theirs", but it was never absolute.

4. You could put up a headstone or monument with the permission of the incumbent, which was routinely granted. But, legally, once it was erected, it didn't belong to you; it formed part of the churchyard just like the walls, the gates, trees and plants growing, etc.

5. When the churchyard was full, graves were re-used. Headstones (if any) from previous burials would be removed and re-erected, e.g., along the boundary wall, or simply thrown away, depending on whether there were any family members still around and still visiting the churchyard.

6. Particularly where formerly rural parishes were urbanised, the resulting population growth mean that churchyards filled up very quickly, and graves were re-used after a remarkably short time. One way of resolving this pressure is to acquire more land and extend the churchyard, but in urbanised areas this wasn't always possible.

7. In short, while people might have a legal right to be buried in the churchyard, they had no exclusive right to any particular part of it, no right to prevent anyone else from being buried on top of them, and no right to have a headstone or monument preserved indefinitely.

8. Cemeteries - burial grounds not annexed to churches - were the response. And initially people's rights in cemeteries were more generous forms of their rights in churchyards. You could buy a right to be buried in a cemetery, but what you got was not legal ownership of a plot, or even a lease of a plot, but an exclusive licence to use the plot for burials for a limited time. When Glasnevin Cemetery started up, for example, the typical arrangement was a ten-year licence over a grave plot. After ten years, the cemetery board could licence the plot to someone else, and your headstone could be removed. In practice this didn't happen; ten years after opening they still had plenty of space, so they were opening new plots rather than exercising their rights to re-use old ones. And then over time the rights the rights they granted became more extensive. I don't know whether, nowadays, they grant perpetual licences over grave plots but, even if they do, there will be a term in the licence requiring the licensee to maintain the plot, possibly to even pay maintenance fees, and providing for the licence to be terminated if this is not done.

Nothing lasts forever - not even the grave!