Notes etc. - Do not post copyright material

I was wondering could someone look at 2010 geography , question 5c it's about why there is coniferous forestry there . And any tips for calculating sea area ?

Anyone have any good english essays or irish essays that they could email me? Thanks and PM me if you can

The Exploitation of Ireland's Peatlands:

Types of Bogs

• Raised Bogs: shallow depressions found in lowlands. They can be up to 12m deep.
• Blanket Bogs: found mainly in upland regions and are 3-4m deep.

Bord na Móna
In 1964, the Irish government set up Bord na Móna to exploit Ireland's bogs and to make the country more self-sufficient in energy resources.

Modern Peat Production
1. A ditcher is used to drain the bog.
2. A grader levels the surface of the bog.
3. A shallow layer of peat is scraped loose by a miller on the pat's surface.
4. This layer is later harrowed using a harrow pulled by a tractor to dry it.
5. Peat is gathered in long ridges using a ridger and covered in plastic to protect it from rain.
6. The ridges of peat are brought to the power station or factory on light railways. The peat is either used to generate electricity or manufactured into several products including briquettes and garden compost.

The Future of Irish Bogs

• Conservationists believe that remaining bogs should be protected and labelled World Heritage Sites.
• Bord na Móna sets aside some of the used bogs for eco-park developments.
• Cutaway bogs can be used as wind farms, sports pitches or wildlife sanctuaries, or for farming or forestry.
• The advantages of cutaway bods are level surface, infrastructure (trains) and little residential development

IceCreamGirl wrote: »

im dying for 'To Kill A Mocking Bird' notes please.
just anything, or everything important.
quotes.

please

Childhood and growing up;

Scout, Jem and Dill don't seem to have as much fun as they become more grown up, but they do get a better understanding of the world around them.

Scout, Jem and Dill learn about life:

They learn that people are not always as they seem - e.g. Boo is a gentle man who shows bravery to save their lives.
Atticus was called "one-shot Finch" when he was younger. This suprised them, they always thought Atticus was old and weak because he can't play football and wears glasses.
At first, they imagine evil as Boo or Dracula. By the end of the novel, they know the truth about real evils, like the predjudice against black people and the violence of Bob Ewell.
Near the end of the novel, Scout is more mature and sensitive and shows Boo helping her across the street so that others won't realise she's taking him home.There's a feeling of Nostalgia for Childhood innocence.

Scout and Dill have a childhood engagement:
Scout decribes Dill as her fiancee.
By ch.11, Scout and Dill are allowed to go to town and are starting to move away from their childish Boo Radley game.

Gradually, the innocence starts to fade away:

Jem changes. He tells Atticus that Dill is hiding in the house Scout says "he broke the remaining code of our childhood".
Dill says he will be a clown when he grows up. He is angry with the way people behave. He believes that the only thing to do is laugh at those.

There are good reasons for using a child's perspective:

Because the book is told from a child's point of view, it allows room for humour and irony. Sometimes you can see things are different from Scout's perspective.
S, J and D all provide hope for the future - they realise it's wrong to treat black people as they've been treated in the past.

We can see in this novel that family and social class is hugely important as the story develops.
Family is very important in Maycomb -
· The worst white families have more social status then the best black families.
· The Missionary Ladies tell us that the African tribe have "no sense of family". They all live as one big family. This seems very alien to the white people of Maycomb. For the white people, family background is very important. They treat all black people as the same, even Tom Robinson who is a respectable church-goer, is seen as a "typical ******".
· Wealth was less important then family but Dolphus Raymond is freer then an outsider like Mayella because he has more money, land and a "fine old family" behind him.
· Jem thinks there are 4 different types of people in Maycomb; (1) Finch Family - they try to treat everybody equally and fairly regardless of the colour of their skin or their financial situations. (2). The Cunninghams - a very poor but hardworking and loyal family. (3). The Ewells - Government scammers, non-educated racists who live in absolute flith. (4). Black people - quiet mistreated folks who work hard for their families and one another depending on any situation as seen when they helped out Helen Robinson while Tom was in jail.
It's impossible to escape your family background -
· Aunt Alexandra spends her time telling Scout what it means to be a Finch, for example the Aunt would like to be seen above everybody else in Maycomb so she is naturally angry that Scout wears overalls like her brother Jem instead of a more lady-like dress. She also has a "streak therory". She says the Cunninghams have a "drinking streak"
· Scout and Jem are insulted by the town's people because Atticus is defending Tom. In the end, that's why Bob Ewell attacks them, they belong to the same family so he believes this makes them "fair game".
Some people don't fit into their families -
· Dill is sent away to Ms.Rachels' for the summer each year and he doesn't have a dad. Although, Scout says his laugh is "happy", he boasts alot and calls Maycomb his "home" when he runs away from his mother. He says his family "arn't interested in him and don't need him".
· Mayella Ewell grows red flowers and she trys to keep herself clean unlike the rest of her family. We can tell that she is very lonely as she ends up reaching out to a black man which is seen as "unforgivable" in Maycomb. She has a hard life and people think she's trash.
· Boo Radley is kept inside the house for years by his family, because he got into the wrong crowd as a teenager. By the time Scout meets him, he is described as "thin", "white" and "timid".
This would conclude that family background and social class plays a huge part in this novel, as it helps the develop the story and characters.

The standard rate of income tax is 20% and the higher rate is 42%.
Fiona has tax credits of €1493 for the year and a standard rate cut-off point of €30 000.
She has a gross income of €31 650 for the year.
(i) " After tax is paid, what is Fiona’s income for the year?
(ii) " What would Fiona’s gross income for the year need to be in order for her to have an
after tax income of €29 379?

-

answers

i) €26450

(ii)
Increase in after tax income 29 379 – 26 450 = 2929.
Equivalent to 0⋅58 of gross income.
2929/0.58 = 5050 additional gross income.
Needs to earn 30 000 + 6700 = 36 700

i dont understand the third line (Equivalent to 0.58 of gross income). how did he get 0.58?

FRENCH NOTES (letter)

J'espère que tu va bien- I hope that you are well

Moi, je vais bien- me, I'm doing well

J'étais ravi(e) de recevoir le cadeau- I was delighted to receive the present

Veux-tu venir chez moi?/ Je voudrais t'inviter chez moi- do you want to come to my house?

Le soleil brille- the sun is shining

Il n'ya pas un nuage dans le ciel- there isn't a cloud in the sky

Il pleut des cordes- it's raining ropes/raining heavily

Le ciel est couvert- the sky is overcast

Je suis allé.. I went..

à la plage- to the beach

chez mon ami- my friend's house

en ville- into town

L'école est ennuyeuse- school is boring

Je fais 10 matières à l'école- I do ten subjects at school

Je m'entends bien avec.. I get on well with..

Mes amis/mes potes/mes copains- my friends

Mes camarades de classe- my classmates

Mes professeurs/mes profs- my teachers

Les profs nous grondent tous le temps- the teachers give out to us all the time

Casse-pied- annoying, a pain

Je travail d'arrache-pied- I work flat-out

Je suis toujours coincé dans ma chambre en train de bosser- I'm always stuck in my room working/studying

J'attends le weekend avec impatience- I can't wait for the weekend

J'ai un petit boulot- I have a part-time job

Mon patron- my boss

Je gagne le smic- I earn the minimum wage

Vive.. Roll on..

Les vacances- the holidays

Le voyage- the trip

J'ai resté dans un hotel prés de la mer- I stayed in a hotel near to the sea

La vue était magnifique- the view was magnificent

J'ai blessé la jambe- I injured my leg

Je dois marcher avec des béquilles- I must use crutches

Je me sens mal- I feel sick

J'ai mal à la tête- I have a headache

Je suis allé chez le médecin- I went to the doctor's

Le médecin m'a donné des cachets- the doctor gave me tablets

Je me suis bien amusé(e)- I enjoyed myself

Dis le bonjour à ta famille de ma part- say hello to your family for me

Devine- guess what?


Hope this helped someone!

Bazinga_N wrote: »

1. Prepare a job description.
2. Draw up an advertisement.
3. Applicants will apply by letter or application form.
4. Based on applications and CV's, the employer will shortlist candidates for interview.
5. Candidates are then are then interviewed.
6. The successful candidate is selected and notified. He/she is offered a 'contract of employment'. The candidate may first be appointed for a probationary period.
7. The new employee will receive; written terms of employment, a legal contract of employment and an induction period any relevant training.

erm.... the business exam is already over

Mecca
Islam was founded in Mecca, in Saudi Arabia. Mecca was a busy commercial town, full of trading businessmen. The people of Mecca used to be Arabs (nomad or traveller). Some Arabs were Jews or Christian but the majority were Polytheists. Mecca was an important religious place. Many pilgrims often came here. Mecca is also home to the Kaaba. This is a holy shrine, believed to be built by Abraham and his so Ishmael as the first house of prayer to God, but due to many travellers bringing their different beliefs with them the Kaaba became home to over 300 idols. Mecca at the time was not a safe place to be, due to powerful leaders and tribes fighting among themselves.

The Founder of Islam
Muhammad is the founder of Islam. Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570CE. Orphaned as a child, his uncle, a rich merchant raised him. Muhammad began to work in his uncle's business, as a camel driver. He was a very honest and trustworthy man. When he was 25 Muhammad married a wealthy widow named Khadijah with whom he had 6 children. Muhammad was a food man and became troubled by many things that were wrong in the city of Mecca. Muhammad began to pray and mediate on Mount Hira. Muhammad began to think that idol worship was the cause of a lot of problems in the city, and therefore came to the conclusion there was only one God, Allah. One night while praying on and fasting in a cave on Mount Hira, Muhammad received a revelation from God. The Angel Gabriel appeared to him telling him there was one God, Allah and Muhammad was chosen to be God's prophet. This night in known as 'Night of Power & Excellence'. Muhammad rushed home to tell Khadijah about what had happened. She told him that God he's called him to be his Prophet. Khadijah became the first convert to Islam. Muhammad continued to receive messages from God. These messages were later written down to become 'the Qur'an', the sacred text of Islam. When Muhammad began to preach his message in public, it made the rich and powerful leaders of Mecca angry. The traders tried on many attempts to stop Muhammad but he kept his faith and continued to preach. Muhammad ad his followers lives soon became threatened by the traders. In 622CE the Prophet ans a group of his followers secretly escaped Mecca in the night. The travelled across the desert to the city of Medina. This difficult journey is known as the Hijra. Muhammad and his followers were made welcome in Medina. The Prophet preached his message and converted many people to establish the first Muslim community. The first Mosque (Islamic place of worship) was built in Medina. Muhammad eventually became the leader of Medina. In 629CE Muhammad and thousands of Muslims marched back into Mecca. They went peacefully to the Kaaba and cleared it of idols. It was once again a place of worship to one true God, Allah. And so the religion was established. In 632CE Muhammad died in Medina, where he is buried.

Sources of Evidence

• The Qur'an -- The sacred text of Islam, which Muslims believe is the word of God.
• The Hadith -- A collection of traditions of Muhammad.

Islamic Beliefs:
Main Beliefs

• Belief in Allah
• Belief in Angels
• Belief in a Sacred Text
• Belief in Prophets
• Belief in a Day of Judgement
• Belief in Pre-Destination

The Five Pillars of Islam

1. Shahadah (Creed): ''There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger'', this is a creed Muslims try to say as often as possible.
2. Salat (Prayer): Pray five times a day. On Friday, in the mosque. Elements of Prayer include; Wudu: The washing that takes place before the prayer, Facing Mecca, Adhan: Call to prayer & Ra'ka: A set of ritual actions.
3. Zakat (Charity): Give 2.5% of all saving every year to help those in need.
4. Sawm (Fasting): Fast during sunrise to sunset during the month of Ramadam.
5. Hajj (Pilgrimage): Make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime.

And some notes on the instruments for the Irish music section.

Tin Whistle
-Most common type is the "D" whistle
-6 holes that need to be covered to play notes and one mouthpiece.
Musician Sean Potts, Paddy Moloney.

Flute
-Also has 6 holes, sometimes with keys added.
-Mouthpiece which is blown across.
-Usually made from wood which gives a warmer sound.
Musician Micheal Tubridy, Micheal McGoldrick

Fiddle
-Same as the violin
-4 Strins
-Tuned, G, D, A, E'
-Held under the chin and played with a bow.
Mucisian Tommy Peoples, Micheal Coleman, Frankie Gavin

Uilleann Pipes
-Made of bellow pressed by the left elbow to fill the bag with air.
-Air goes through the chanter which plays the melody.
-3 drones which create continuous accompaniment.
-3 regulators which play chords when pressed by the wrist.
Musician Paddy Moloney, Willie Clancy

Concertina
-Free reed instrument
=-Hexagonal shape
-Buttons on both sides which play different notes when pushed in and pulled out.
Musician Noel Hill, Edel Fox

Accordian
-Free reed instument.
-Two types, button or piano.
-button accordian has treble buttons for the right hand in 2 rows and 8 bass buttons for the left hand.
-Piano accordian has a piano keyboard for the right hand and bass buttons for the left hand.
Musicians Máirtín O Connor, Sharon Shannon.

Bodhrán
-Circular frame drum, usually made of goatskin. (I've seen a triangular shaped bodhran before, but maybe it's best not to write that down. )
-PLayed with hand or a stick
-The other hand is placed at the back to the skin to dampen the sound or create tones by changing the tension.
-Sometimes the stick is used on the rim to create a different percussive effect.
Musician Eamonn Murray, Mel Mercier, Kevin Conneff.